The properties of Mercury's regolith have been investigated at optical and near-infrared wavelengths with high-resolution imaging, photometric, and spectroscopic observations with the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Nordic Optical Telescope. A new global optical map at a spatial resolution of 200 km shows that the well known (from Mariner 10) and poorly known hemispheres are indistinguishable with respect to the distribution, number density, and morphological parameters of bright albedo features. This indicates a globally uniform recent (<3 Gyr) geologic evolution, a compositionally very homogeneous surface and the absence of a lunar-like mare–terrae albedo dichotomy. It is found that the spectrum of Mercury is linear, strongly sloped, lacks detectable absorption features and displays a unique relation between the continuum slope and photometric geometry. Mercury has a photometrically smoother surface than the average near-side Moon, and is 10–15% fainter and 50% more back scattering in the V-band. Unlike the case for the Moon, the average single-particle backscattering anisotropy increases with wavelength. Intimate regolith mixing models are used to determine a probable surface composition of predominantly Ca-rich labradorite plagioclase feldspar with minor low-iron enstatitic orthopyroxene, and rule out high-iron pyroxenes or olivines as other than insignificant constituents. Abundances of FeO ~1.2 wt%, TiO2 ~0 wt%, and submicroscopic metallic iron ~0.1–0.3 wt% are found for the average surface. This implies an optically active grain size of 15–30 μm that is a factor of two smaller than for the Moon. A numerical integration study shows that hermeocentric orbits with semi-major axes <30 mercurian radii for elliptic retrograde, and circular prograde, object are stable for durations in excess of 4.5 Myr. The weak gravitational scattering effect of Mercury indicates that re-impacting particles may have been important for the early evolution of its crust.

Future ambitious solar system exploration missions are likely to require ever larger propulsion capabilities and involve innovative interplanetary trajectories in order to accommodate the increasingly complex mission scenarios. Two recent advances in trajectory design can be exploited to meet those new requirements: the use of low-thrust propulsion which enables larger cumulative momentum exchange relative to chemical propulsion; and the consideration of low-energy transfers relying on full multi-body dynamics. Yet the resulting optimal control problems are hypersensitive, time-consuming and extremely difficult to tackle with current optimization tools. Therefore, the goal of the thesis is to develop a methodology that facilitates and simplifies the solution finding process of low-thrust optimization problems in multi-body environments. Emphasis is placed on robust techniques to produce good solutions for a wide range of cases despite the strong nonlinearities of the problems. The complete trajectory is broken down into different component phases, which facilitates the modeling of the effects of multiple bodies and makes the process less sensitive to the initial guess. A unified optimization framework is created to solve the resulting multi-phase optimal control problems. Interfaces to state-of-the-art solvers SNOPT and IPOPT are included. In addition, a new, robust Hybrid Differential Dynamic Programming (HDDP) algorithm is developed. HDDP is based on differential dynamic programming, a proven robust second-order technique that relies on Bellman's Principle of Optimality and successive minimization of quadratic approximations. HDDP also incorporates nonlinear mathematical programming techniques to increase efficiency, and decouples the optimization from the dynamics using first- and second-order state transition matrices. Crucial to this optimization procedure is the generation of the sensitivities with respect to the variables of the system. In the context of trajectory optimization, these derivatives are often tedious and cumbersome to estimate analytically, especially when complex multi-body dynamics are considered. To produce a solution with minimal effort, an new approach is derived that computes automatically first- and high-order derivatives via multicomplex numbers. Another important aspect of the methodology is the representation of low-thrust trajectories by different dynamical models with varying degrees of fidelity. Emphasis is given on analytical expressions to speed up the optimization process. In particular, one novelty of the framework is the derivation and implementation of analytic expressions for motion subjected to Newtonian gravitation plus an additional constant inertial force. Example applications include low-thrust asteroid tour design, multiple flyby trajectories, and planetary inter-moon transfers. In the latter case, we generate good initial guesses using dynamical systems theory to exploit the chaotic nature of these multi-body systems. The developed optimization framework is then used to generate low-energy, inter-moon trajectories with multiple resonant gravity assists.

The thesis examines representations of the matriarch in three Chinese Canadian texts: SKY Lee's Disappearing Moon Cafe, Wayson Choy's The Jade Peony, and Denise Chong's The Concubine's Children. The matriarch is the female head of the Chinese household who is able to gain substantial power by manipulating the assets granted to her in a patriarchal system. Dislocated from her home in China, she serves in these texts as the focal point for the collision between the New World, Canada, and the Old World, China. Confronted by a new environment, the matriarch must decide whether she will choose conformity or identity experimentation. The thesis is concerned with the way Chinese Canadian writers negotiate multiple identities through narrators who must come to terms with the divided loyalties of the women of the past. The analysis of the matriarch's identity shifts is informed by the work of the feminist theorists, Elspeth Probyn and Moira Gatens, who explore the productive potentials of rebelling against binary codes. The thesis is divided into three chapters that discuss how the texts come close to embracing identity fluidity, but cannot overcome the need to reach a coherent representation of the matriarch. The first chapter is devoted to Disappearing Moon Cafe, and argues that Lee's narrator sacrifices her female characters, albeit reluctantly, in order to privilege feminism over her Chinese heritage. The second chapter turns to The Jade Peony and discusses how Choy's child narrators give in to binary thinking by relegating Poh-Poh, the Old One, to the realm of memories to make room for the New Ways. The final chapter on The Concubine's Children explores Chong's desire to redeem a grandmother who wreaked havoc on the family when she defied traditional gender roles. The thesis concludes by determining that Lee, Choy, and Chong are reaching for a multi-voiced reading of the past, but cannot yet articulate a way out. The uncertainty of their representations of the matriarch signals their efforts to move beyond binaries to a state of coexisting identity categories.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-23T17:44:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCSGS.pdf: 4962933 bytes, checksum: 743628f59c577aa14f19c97309925d35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-23T17:44:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCSGS.pdf: 4962933 bytes, checksum: 743628f59c577aa14f19c97309925d35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-23T17:44:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCSGS.pdf: 4962933 bytes, checksum: 743628f59c577aa14f19c97309925d35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T17:44:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCSGS.pdf: 4962933 bytes, checksum: 743628f59c577aa14f19c97309925d35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / Não recebi financiamento / This research presents results of an investigation of educational pedagogy done with a group of second grade students from an Elementary School. The investigation involved observations of the Moon and educational activities used to teach about Moon phases. An overview of the academic literature on the teaching of the theme of the Moon and its phases was conducted, with a bibliographical review of theses and dissertations, journal articles, papers presented at selected conferences, and some international papers on this topic. From the literature review, it was found that there are few studies that actually address of how observation of the Moon in the sky can be used to effectively teach Moon phases to elementary school students. In this study, students observed and recorded the appearance of the Moon and its place in the sky through drawings. The drawings included the position of the Moon relative to the horizon and used observations made at the school and at their homes during part of a lunar month. Using these initial Moon observations and the student drawings, there were discussions in the classroom designed to consolidate student knowledge. In this research, the data were obtained through interviews, class records, and student observations notebooks. A control group was not used. The researcher was also the teacher of the class where the research was developed. The student observations made it possible for the students to perceive the Moon's apparent motion, as well as its change of appearance over several nights. Through classroom discussions centered on the observations, it was clear that the observations helped develop student concept knowledge of Moon phases that would be difficult to develop from classroom experiences that did not include observations. This experiential connection from the observation of the Moon fostered a relationship with the knowledge implied to the reality of nature. For the initial years, in the Astronomy teaching, this is an important link that can promote the learning of such contents, from the senses of the child and the teacher intervention in a flexible and open way. / Esta pesquisa apresenta resultados de uma investigação desenvolvida com uma turma de alunos do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental envolvendo a observação da Lua. Inicialmente, com o objetivo de apresentar um panorama das pesquisas sobre o tema Lua e suas fases, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de teses e dissertações, artigos de periódicos, trabalhos apresentados em eventos selecionados e alguns trabalhos internacionais. Como resultado, verificou-se que poucos são os trabalhos que utilizam a observação da Lua no céu como parte da metodologia para o ensino e a aprendizagem do tema. Como objetivo de pesquisa, foi proposta e estudada uma metodologia na qual os alunos observaram e registraram a Lua por meio de desenhos, incluindo o horizonte, na escola e em suas casas, ao longo de parte de uma lunação. Priorizando a observação do céu, a partir dos desenhos, houve discussões em sala que foram conduzidas objetivando a sistematização do conhecimento. Com uma pesquisa experimental, sem grupo de controle, os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, registros de aulas e cadernos de observações dos alunos. A pesquisadora também foi a professora da turma onde a pesquisa foi desenvolvida. A observação do céu possibilitou a percepção pelos alunos do movimento aparente da Lua, bem como sua mudança de aspecto ao longo de várias noites. Por meio das discussões em sala de aula, com o uso dos registros, foi evidenciado que o conhecimento da observação desenvolve um saber a partir da vivência que transcende os limites dados ao conteúdo em sala de aula, possibilitando discussões pouco valorizadas no ensino da Lua e suas fases. Essa conexão experiencial a partir da observação da Lua fomenta uma relação com o conhecimento implicado à realidade da natureza. Para os anos iniciais, no ensino de Astronomia, esta é uma vinculação importante que pode promover a aprendizagem de tais conteúdos, a partir dos sentidos da criança e da intervenção docente de modo flexível e aberto.

A resposta da fauna à fragmentação e perda de hábitat pode variar amplamente segundo os requerimentos ecológicos, a configuração da paisagem, a conectividade e as pressões antrópicas. Os morcegos são bons candidatos para trabalhar os efeitos da fragmentação na fauna mas, mesmo assim, existem poucos estudos a respeito da diversidade dos morcegos frugívoros e sua dieta em áreas de cerrado do estado de São Paulo e nas demais áreas de cerrado do país, tendo em conta que este bioma vem sofrendo processos de mudança muito rápidos nas últimas décadas. Assim, vimos a importância de incorporar este grupo de fauna nos estudos que tem sido desenvolvidos na região. Durante 48 dias de coleta ao longo de um ano (2012), procurou-se inventariar a quiropterofauna de dois fragmentos de Cerrado correspondentes à Estação Ecológica de Jataí e ao Cerrado Pé-do-Gigante, nos municípios de Luiz Antônio e Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, localizados ao noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, sendo amostradas fisionomias diferentes: cerradão, cerrado sensu stricto, cerrado adensado e cerrado em estado de regeneração. Foram realizadas duas coletas mensais, de 4 horas cada, iniciadas após o pôr do sol, totalizando 24 amostragens em cada unidade de conservação. Os morcegos foram coletados com redes de neblina situadas a 50 cm do solo, em trilhas preexistentes e em áreas abertas, e identificados em nível de espécie. Outros dados ecológicos, como frequência, dominância, riqueza, constância, horário de atividade, dieta, dispersão de sementes através das fezes dos indivíduos capturados e a influência da luminosidade lunar foram analisados. Foram capturados e anilhados 195 indivíduos de 3 famílias e 7 subfamílias, pertencentes a 17 espécies diferentes, sendo 113 na estação chuvosa e 82 na estação seca. Na E.E. Jataí foram capturados 118 indivíduos de 15 espécies e, no Cerrado Pé-do-Gigante, 77 indivíduos, de 13 espécies, com um esforço amostral de de 31680 m². O índice de Shannon-Wiener apresentou uma diferencia sutil entre a diversidade de espécies em ambas as unidades de Conservação, constatada também pelo alto índice de similaridade de Sorensen (0,75). Obtiveram-se 5 recapturas, uma delas confirmando o fluxo entre unidades de conservação. As espécies dominantes foram: Artibeus lituratus, Anoura caudifer, Sturnira lilium, Glossophaga soricina e Carollia perspicillata. Com relação à dispersão de sementes, obtiveram-se 39 amostras de fezes, das quais 11 continham sementes que posteriormente foram germinadas em laboratório, obtendo-se assim 9 espécies de plantas petencentes a 4 gêneros, potencialmente dispersadas pela quiropterofauna local / The response of wildlife to fragmentation and habitat loss may vary widely according to the ecological requirements, landscape configuration, connectivity among landscape units, and anthropogenic pressures. Bats are ideal species to study fragmentation effects on wildlife, however, studies on the diversity of frugivore bats and their diet in savanna biomes are scarce, despite the intense changes linked to human pressures this biome has been recently submitted to. Therefore, we considered relevant to incorporate the evaluation of the regional bat assembly to fauna studies in Cerrado areas of São Paulo state. During a period of 48 days, representative of both rainy and dry seasons of 2012, we surveyed chiropterofauna in two Cerrado fragments, in the northwestern Sao Paulo state: Jataí Ecological Station (Luiz Antônio municipality) and Cerrado Pé-do-Gigante (Santa Rita de Passa-Quatro municipality). These units show different physiognomies: cerradão, cerrado sensu stricto, dense cerrado and cerrado in regeneration. The surveys were carried out under two nights per month in each conservation area. Bats were collected using mist nets located 50 cm above ground in existing trails in open areas. A total of 195 individuals belonging to 3 families, 7 subfamilies and 17 species were captured and ringed: 113 of these during the rainy season and the remaining 82 during dry season. In E.E. Jataí we registered 118 individuals belonging to 15 species, and in Cerrado Pé-do-Gigante, 77 individuals from 13 species (31680 m² of mist net in the two fragments of Cerrado). Most of the individuals recorded during the study belong to 5 species: Artibeuslituratus, Anoura caudifer, Sturnira Lilium, Glossophaga soricina and Carollia perspicillata. In relation to seed dispersion, 39 fecal samples were obtained, of these, 11 contained seeds that later were germinated in laboratory, obtaining nine species of plants of 4 geners potentiality dispersed by the local bats

Orientador: Orna Messer Levin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilhen_Ellen_M.pdf: 1100602 bytes, checksum: 2de411dc68486b8c574bcb1e7309444b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: No final do século XIX, uma cena particular da peça Hamlet (1600), de Shakespeare - o suicídio-acidente da jovem Ofélia, descrito na cena VII do quarto ato - adquire especial destaque nos poemas simbolistas, inclusive nos brasileiros. Sem deixar de trazer para a comparação os poemas "ofélicos" de Jules Laforgue, Georges Rodenbach, Laurent Tailhade, António Nobre, essa pesquisa escolheu analisar os desdobramentos e as releituras da cena nos poemas dos brasileiros Valentim de Magalhães, Cruz e Sousa, Alphonsus de Guimaraens, Guerra Duval, Da Costa e Silva, Eduardo Guimaraens, Alceu Wamosy, entre outros. A explicação encontrada para a recorrência na poesia simbolista da imagem de Ofélia morta nas águas foi a dissolução total da personagem no elemento água (o "nada substancial", para Gaston Bachelard), reproduzindo o desejo do homem finissecular de mergulhar no Nada, no Vazio. Essa associação de Ofélia ao Vazio foi distribuída, tendo como base os poemas encontrados, em três subtópicas: a união dos cadáveres-amantes - herança do Ultra-romantismo - na qual a confusão dos corpos, completamente amalgamados, remete ao estado de androginia; a esterilidade polar - especificidade do Simbolismo - na qual as grandes extensões geladas, denunciando um afastamento do ritmo da vida, produzem uma luz fria, alimentada pelo auto-refletir; e a metapoesia - prenúncio do Modernismo - na qual a própria Arte, representada por símbolos castos e/ou estéreis, é vista como o último reduto da crença do poeta. Em todas essas três divisões, é patente a presença da Lua e de outras figuras circulares, representando, ao mesmo tempo, a plenitude (o bastar a si mesmo) e a esterilidade (o círculo que de nada se alimenta e nada produz), o que indica um afastamento significativo do retrato romântico de Ofélia. / Abstract: At the end of the 19th century, a particular scene from Shakespeare's Hamlet (1600) - young Ophelia's accident-suicide, described in Act IV, Scene VII - gets in the spotlight of symbolist poems, including the Brazilian ones. This research aims at analysing the spin-offs and rereadings of the referred scene in the Brazilian poems of Valentim de Magalhães, Cruz e Souza, Alphonsus de Guimaraens, Guerra Duval, Da Costa e Silva, Eduardo Guimaraens, Alceu Wamosy, among others, in comparison to the "ophelian" poems of Jules Laforgue, Georges Rodenbach, Laurent Tailhade and António Nobre. The explanation for the repetition of the image of dead Ophelia in the water in the symbolist poetry was the total dissolution of the character in the water element (the "substantial nothingness", according to Bachelard), reproducing an end-ofcentury wish to immerse into Nothingness, into Emptiness. Ophelia's association to Emptiness was distributed, based on the found poems, into three subtopics: the union of the lovers' corpses - as a heritage from Ultra-Romanticism - in which the confusion of the bodies, totally amalgamated, reminds us of the state of androginy; the polar sterility - a particularity of Symbolism -, in which great cold extensions, which reveal a separation from the rhythm of life, produce a cold light, fed by self-reflections; and the metapoetry - a herald of Modernism - in which Art itself, represented by chaste or sterile symbols, is seen as the poet's last stand of faith. The Moon, as well as other circular images, is remarkably present in all these three divisions, simultaneously indicating plenitude (self-sufficiency) and sterility (the circle in which nothing is fed and nothing is produced), which shows a significant distance from Ophelia's romantic picture. / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Interactive application for teaching the topic of the Earth as a planet Abstract The thesis is focused on the creation of an interactive application for teaching the topic of the Earth as a planet at secondary schools. The theoretical part generally deals with digital technologies for teaching, educational applications and pedagogical-psychological aspects of the subject. The topic was defined and analyzed using curriculum documents, textbooks and school atlases. Based on the analysis, partial topics were selected and turned into an application that covers separate learning objects. 8 learning objects were created ("Distances and dimensions", "Earth's orbit", "Seasons", "Solar time", "Moon phases", "Solar and Lunar eclipses", "Orbiting around the barycenter", "Tidal phenomena") and 4 learning objects were taken ("Solar System", "Earth's shape - geoid", "Time zones", "Future eclipses"). Each learning object has been provided with its theoretical introduction and methodological questions and tasks. The final educational application will be available on the Internet as a web application, without the need for installation. Keywords: educational application, interactivity, teaching Geography, the Solar System, the Earth, the Moon

The thesis examines representations of the matriarch in three Chinese Canadian texts: SKY Lee's Disappearing Moon Cafe, Wayson Choy's The Jade Peony, and Denise Chong's The Concubine's Children. The matriarch is the female head of the Chinese household who is able to gain substantial power by manipulating the assets granted to her in a patriarchal system. Dislocated from her home in China, she serves in these texts as the focal point for the collision between the New World, Canada, and the Old World, China. Confronted by a new environment, the matriarch must decide whether she will choose conformity or identity experimentation. The thesis is concerned with the way Chinese Canadian writers negotiate multiple identities through narrators who must come to terms with the divided loyalties of the women of the past. The analysis of the matriarch's identity shifts is informed by the work of the feminist theorists, Elspeth Probyn and Moira Gatens, who explore the productive potentials of rebelling against binary codes. The thesis is divided into three chapters that discuss how the texts come close to embracing identity fluidity, but cannot overcome the need to reach a coherent representation of the matriarch. The first chapter is devoted to Disappearing Moon Cafe, and argues that Lee's narrator sacrifices her female characters, albeit reluctantly, in order to privilege feminism over her Chinese heritage. The second chapter turns to The Jade Peony and discusses how Choy's child narrators give in to binary thinking by relegating Poh-Poh, the Old One, to the realm of memories to make room for the New Ways. The final chapter on The Concubine's Children explores Chong's desire to redeem a grandmother who wreaked havoc on the family when she defied traditional gender roles. The thesis concludes by determining that Lee, Choy, and Chong are reaching for a multi-voiced reading of the past, but cannot yet articulate a way out. The uncertainty of their representations of the matriarch signals their efforts to move beyond binaries to a state of coexisting identity categories. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Moon-shaped idols constitute very specific and variable category of ceramic, in rare cases also of stone artefacts. Beginning of their occurrence and spreading in the middle Europe can be associated with the Middle-Danube and North-Alpine Urnfield culture. Their development consequentially continues in the Early Iron Age when they spread outside central European region down to the north east of Spain and the north of Italy. The current total number of findings is higher than estimate from 2004, which was approximately 2000 pieces. The main objective of the thesis lay in overall processing of results of the research up to now concerning the given issue. At the same time there was an attempt made about critical assessment of the artefact features and the excavation environment with regard to the potential function of the Moon-shaped idols. The excavation environment of these products is quite variable. As a rule they appear in settlements as secondary refuse, but also in the situations, which can be considered as demonstration of cult behaviour. In northeast France and south Germany, parts of Moon- shaped idols are to be found also in context of the final Bronze Age. From there the custom is spread in a modified form to the east. Such equipped graves can be noticed in the burial sites of Bylany and...

In August, 2014 three experiments were conducted using infrared systems deployed at White Mountain Research center, CA. The data was acquired for the whole month of August. Teams of 3-4 students from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and UC Santa Barbara were stationed at the research center for 2-3 days to operate the equipment. The three experiments were:(1) creating spatial-temporal time series of lunar surface temperatures;(2) identifying atmospheric meteor trails;(3) search for meteor impacts on the Moon surface. Out of the three this thesis focusses on experiment 1 and the results from this experiment could also help with the other experiments. We propose to use a thermal infrared camera mounted on a telescope to acquire time-series observations of lunar surface temperatures to get a novel insight into the thermal evolution of the Moon over a complete lunar cycle. Half a lunar cycle would account from morning to night and lasts for approximately 14.75 days. Seeing how the pixel value changes from morning to night the pixel and temperature trends can be observed throughout the day. Apart from that one can get the two temperature peaks that could maybe help to get an estimate for the Thermal inertia of the surface in the presence of Moon regolith. The temperature trends and the thermal inertia could potentially provide some insight for methods that seek to determine the properties of asteroids from ground based observations.