Calcium (Ca) is the fifth most abundant element in the rocky planets. As a lithophile, refractory element, Ca does not partition into planetary cores nor is it volatilized during planetary accretion. These characteristics make Ca ideal for investigating the earliest stages of planetary formation and the subsequent chemical evolution of planetary mantles and crusts. This thesis presents observations of and explores the mechanisms involved in high-temperature mass-dependent Ca isotope fractionation in terrestrial, lunar, and meteoritic material. Chapter 1 reports Ca isotope fractionation among a co-genetic suite of samples from the Guelb el Azib ultramafic-mafic-anorthosite complex, which represents the fractional crystallization sequence of a terrestrial igneous magma chamber. The measurements imply that Ca isotope fractionation in an evolving crystallizing magma is mineralogically controlled and that the degree of fractionation can vary according to the Ca composition of the residual magma. Chapter 2 investigates ureilites, a distinctive group of achondritic meteorites, widely regarded to be mantle remnants of a disrupted asteroidal parent body. To date, it is not clear which of their features were inherited from the original chondritic body and which were created during post-accretionary igneous processes such as partial melting. This chapter presents evidence that partial melting on the ureilite parent body is responsible for two such ambiguous characteristics, Ca isotopic and magnesium number (Mg / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Centers of Pilgrimage as Mechanisms of Political Integration in Complex Societies in Titicaca´s AltiplanoPilgrimages to sacred places were a common practice in many prehispanic Andean societies. For example, the islands of the Sun and the Moon, located in southern Lake Titicaca, formed one of the most important pilgrimage routes imposed by the Inca state as part of its politics of state domain. Similarly, the mortuary centers of Cutimbo and Sillustani, belonging respectively to the Lupaqa and Colla chiefdoms, received annual pilgrimages as part of cult ceremonies dedicated to the ancestors.Using ethnohistorical documentation and archaeological information with regard to such pilgrimage centers, we discuss the hypothesis that the pilgrimages served as ideological mechanisms of social and political control on the part of complex societies. / Las peregrinaciones a lugares sagrados fueron una práctica común en diversas sociedades andinas prehispánicas. Las islas del Sol y de la Luna, en el lado sur del lago Titicaca, se interpolan en una de las más importantes rutas de peregrinación que impusieron los incas como parte de su política de dominio estatal. De igual modo, los centros funerarios de Cutimbo y Sillustani, pertenecientes a los señoríos Lupaqa y Colla respectivamente, convocaron peregrinaciones anuales en el marco de ceremonias de culto a los antepasados.Utilizando documentación etnohistórica e información arqueológica, referentes a tales centros de peregrinaje, se discute la hipótesis sobre el uso de las peregrinaciones como mecanismos ideológicos de control social y político por parte de sociedades complejas.

Neste projeto fazemos uma discussão sobre o Ensino de Astronomia, em particular sobre o conteúdo das fases da Lua, na perspectiva da formação de conceitos a partir da Teoria histórico-cultural da Atividade. Com base nesse referencial, lançamos uma proposição teórica que relaciona determinado conceito com suas atividades genéticas, isto é, as atividades historicamente determinadas e culturalmente sistematizadas nas quais o conceito emerge. A essa proposição demos o nome de conceito-atividade. A implicação direta dessa relação é que os conceitos passam a ser entendidos como entidades abertas, dinâmicas, multifacetas e controversas. Para explicitar essas outras qualidades do conceito para o caso da Lua, recorremos a alguns episódios e debates da História da Ciência e elementos da cultura popular que serviram de subsídios para analisar a gênese histórica do conceito de Lua e os sentidos a ela atribuídos. Ainda como parte dessa dissertação, apresentamos e avaliamos a implementação de uma proposta didática para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental cujo propósito era de ensinar a Lua e suas fases e discutir alguns de seus outros sentidos históricos e culturais. As atividades propostas foram bastante diversificadas, compreendendo: observação, simulação, modelização, interpretação e produção textual, desenho, entrevistas, tomadas de medidas e estimativas. As avaliações dos alunos apontam uma compreensão adequada do modelo astronômico. / In this project we reflect on the Astronomy Education, in particular the content of the phases of the Moon, with respect to the formation of concepts from culturalhistorical activity theory. From this framework, we developed a theoretical proposition that relates a given concept with its genetic activities, i.e., activities historically determined and culturally systematized which the concept emerges directed to a purpose. The proposition that we called a concept-activity. The implication of this relationship is that the concepts are understood as open, dynamic, multifaceted and controversial entities. To make clear these qualities from concept to the case of the Moon, we resorting to some episodes and debates of the History of Science. Also as part of this dissertation, we present, discuss and evaluate the implementation of a proposal to the end of secondary school. The sequence of fifteen classes was compiled with the purpose of teaching about the moon and its phases along with some of the other historical meanings attributed by human culture.

This thesis focuses on the poets Chen Mengjia 陳夢家 (1911-1966) and Rao Mengkan 饒孟侃 (1902-1967) who were in the late twenties and the early thirties writing "new poems" influenced by a poet and a theoretician Wen Yiduo within the literary society the Crescent moon (Xinyue pai 新月 派). Through the analysis of their theoretical articles and especially their own poems, published in the magazine Crescent Monthly (Xinyue yuekan 新月月刊), I try to answer the following questions. Firstly, how they created new fixed verse poems that were able to link a form of a poem to its content. Secondly, how they followed up Wen Yiduo's example in this process and how they developed his ideas. And finally, how they were able to put their own theoretical opinion about the form and content of poetry contained in their articles into the praxis.

This master’s thesis deals with ultra lightweight structural design concept of a lunar habitat. The beginning of the thesis is focused on basic properties of the Moon and different concept designs of lunar habitats and bases. Afterwards the main concept is introduced with defined loads followed by application of loads on the construction and design of main parts of the construction, especially design of an inflatable beam. Thesis is ended by manufacturing technology of an inflatable beam and design concept of main structural nodes.

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THESIS submitted by Wannisinghe Mudiyanselage Jayantha to Hong Kong Baptist University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled "Emerging Femininities in Selected Sri Lankan English Fiction" May 2019. The study documents the rise of emerging Sri Lankan feminine subjectivities as portrayed in post-independence novels in English by Punyakante Wijenaike, Nihal de Silva, and Chandani Lokuge. It attempts to interpret the rise of socially constructed traits of new womanhood and shifting gender norms responding to significant transformations in post-independence Sri Lanka economy and society during which the nation has rapidly shifted from a traditional rural economy to an industrialized since the 1978 free market reforms embraced with policies of globalization and neoliberalism. The selected novels are historicized by means of specific data indicating that any compensations traditionally afforded to Sri Lankan women through the collusion of colonialism with patriarchy are being challenged by the current globalization of opportunity and risk, even as Sri Lankan women continue to engage in the far older struggles for respect in traditional contexts and spaces (Wijenaike), take up arms in service in the name of nation-building projects (De Silva), or search for greater life opportunities by means of out- migration and eventual return (Lokuge). Challenges to conventional colonial-patriarchal ideology, with attention to specific objects symbolizing alternative (or even "deviant") femininity long preceding modernity, are the central focus of Punyakante Wijenaike's Giraya and Amulet. The use of a Marxist-feminist approach, localized in the setting of the walauwe, allows for the examination of potentials and limits for women's subjectivities as they emerged in the earliest 1970s-era post-independence novels. Nihal de Silva's The Road from Elephant Pass explores the fictionalized portrayal of women soldiers, conscripted to the LTTE in the early 1980s, and the effects of a revolutionary posture upon traditional gender roles. The tension in de Silva's novel between the political liberation project as national/romantic allegory uniting Sinhala and Tamil causes as ultimately endorsing patriarchal claims of Anderson's "imagined communities" thesis in the dramatic context of women's participation in the civil war. Using a "Fourth World" sovereignty frame, the final chapter of the project analyzes the potential rewards and risks of diasporic experience, for women protagonists in Chandani Lokuge's If the Moon Smiled and Turtle Nest. Collectively, the analyses indicate how Sri Lankan novels in English have documented the struggles, potentials, and continuing vulnerabilities around the emergence of new feminine subjectivities for post-independence Sri Lankan women.

Varför är black metal provokativt? Vad i subkulturen och musiken provocerar? För att besvara detta är arbetet indelat i två delar. Den första delen utgår från en autenticitetsdiskurs och undersöker black metal som kulturellt fenomen. Här ligger fokus på black metal som subkultur med dess tillhörande historik. Den historiska översikten delar in black metal i fyra generationer och definierar tillhörande subkulturell terminologi, likväl subkulturen och genrens utveckling. Detta sker i relation till relevanta musikexempel för de fyra generationerna. Efter detta ges en religiös bakgrund gällande de tre band som ska analyseras i arbetets andra del. Dessa tre band kommer ifrån tre olika länder med en vitt skild samhällsdiskurs och religiöst samt politiskt klimat. Syftet med att föra fram respektive religiös bakgrund avser förståelse för hur black metal använder gemensamma nämnare för provokation, då inom samma genre men inte i samma miljö. Arbetets andra del lägger vikt vid den klingande musiken och fokuserar på vad det är i musiken och dess låttexter som är provocerande. Analyserna av black metal som subkultur och musikalisk genre utgick från ett snarlikt forskningsläge. Resultatet av respektive analys var likartat. Normbrytande beteende från rådande samhällsdiskurs är skäl nog för att provocera, som subkultur var detta tillräckligt genom visuell representation för en subkulturell tillhörighet. För musiken landade resultatet dels i den aggressiva framtoning musiken bär, samt genom de tillhörande låttexternas innehåll där centrala teman inkluderar satanism, ockultism, djävulsdyrkan och bär anti-religiösa budskap.

Humanity has always wanted to explore the world we live in and answer different questions about our universe. After the International Space Station will end its service one possible next step could be a Moon Outpost: a convenient location for research, astronaut training and technological development that would enable long-duration space. This location can be inside one of the presumed lava tubes that should be present under the surface but would first need to be inspected, possibly by machine capable of capturing and relaying a map to a team on Earth.In this report the past and future Moon base missions will be summarized considering feasible outpost scenarios from the space companies or agencies. and their prospected manned budget. Potential mission profiles, objectives, requirements and constrains of the BATonomous Moon cave Explorer (BAT-ME) mission will be discussed and defined. Vehicle and mission concept will be addressed, comparing and presenting possible propulsion or locomotion approaches inside the lava tube.The Inkonova “Batonomous™” system is capable of providing Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM), relay the created maps, with the possibility to easily integrate the system on any kind of vehicle that would function in a real-life scenario.Although the system is not fully developed, it will be assessed from a technical perspective, and proper changes for a viable system transition for the space-Moon environment will be devised. The transition of the system from the Batonomous™ state to the BAT-ME required state will be presented from the requirement, hardware, software, electrical and operational point of view.The mission will be devised into operational phases, with key goals in mind. Two different vehicles will be presented and designed on a high engineering level. A risk analysis and management system will be made to understand the possible negative outcomes of different parts failure on the mission outcome.

In the advent of Space 4.0 era with the commercialization and increased accessibility of space, a requirement analysis, trade-off options, development status and critical areas of a propulsion system for a Commercial Micro Moon Lander is carried out. An investigation of a suitable system for the current mission is examined in the frame of the ASTRI project of OHB System AG and Blue Horizon. Main trajectory strategies are being investigated and simulations are performed to extract the ∆V requirements. Top-level requirements are extracted which give the first input for the propulsion design. An evaluation of the propulsion requirements is implemented which outlines the factors that are more important and drive the propulsion design. The evaluation implements a dual comparison of the requirements where weighting factors are extracted, resulting the main drivers of the propulsion system design. A trade-off analysis is performed for various types of propulsion systems and a preliminary selection of a propulsion system suitable for the mission is described. A first-iteration architecture of the propulsion, ADCS and GNC subsystems are also presented as well as a component list. A first approach of the landing phase is described and an estimation of the required thrust is calculated. A unified Bipropellant propulsion system is proposed which fills out most of the mission requirements. However, the analysis shows that the total mass of the lander, including all the margins, exceeds a bit the mass limitations but no the volume limitations. The results shows that a decrease in payload capacity or the implementation of a different trajectory strategy can lower the mass below the limit. In addition, further iterations in the lander concept which will give a more detailed design, resulting to no extra margins, can drive the mass below the limit. Finally, a discussion on the results is done, addressing the limitations and the important factors that need to be considered for the mission. The viability of the mission due to its commercial aspect is being questioned and further investigation is suggested to be carried out on the ”micro” lander concept. / I tillkomsten av Space 4.0 era med kommersialisering och ökad tillgänglighet av rymden, en kravanalys, avvägningsalternativ, utvecklingsstatus och kritiska områden av ett framdrivningssystem för en kommersiell mikro månlandare bärs ut. En undersökning av ett lämpligt system för det aktuella uppdraget genomförs inom ramen för ASTRI-projektet för OHB System AG och Blue Horizon. Olika strategier för banor undersöks och simuleringar utförs för att extrahera ΔV-kraven. Topp-nivå krav definieras och ger den första inputen för designen av framdrivningssystemet. En utvärdering av framdrivningskraven implementeras och belyser de viktigaste faktorer som driver design av framdrivningssystemet. En avvägningsanalys utförs för olika typer av framdrivningssystem och ett preliminärt urval av ett framdrivningssystem som är lämpligt för uppdraget beskrivs. En arkitektur för framdrivningen, ADCS och GNC-delsystem presenteras såväl som en komponentlista. Ett första tillvägagångssätt av landningsfasen beskrivs och en uppskattning av den nödvändiga dragkraften beräknas. Ett enhetligt Bi-propellant framdrivningssystem föreslås som uppfyller ut de flesta uppdragskraven. Analysen visar dock att summan av månlandarens massa, inklusive alla marginaler, överstiger massbegränsningarna men inte de volymbegränsningarna uppsatta i projektet. Resultaten visar att en minskning av nyttolastkapaciteten eller genomförandet av en annan banstrategi kan minska den totala massan då den inom gränsvärdena. Dessutom, ytterligare iterationer i månlandarens koncept som kommer att ge en mer detaljerad design, vilket resulterar i inga extra marginaler, kan leda till att den uppskattade massan minskar ytterligare. Slutligen förs en diskussion om resultaten, med hänsyn till de begränsningarna och de viktigaste faktorerna som måste beaktas för uppdraget. Lönsamheten hos uppdraget på grund av sin kommersiella aspekt är ifrågasatt och vidare utredning föreslås utförs på ”mikro” månlandare konceptet.