Under the Resource Management Act 1991, the interpretation and implementation of environmental policy is primarily the responsibility of local government. The management of forestry operations may be influenced via two written means: statutory rules published in regional and district plans, and recommended best management practices (BMPs) published in guidelines. There are concerns that inconsistency between jurisdictions’ regulations have a negative impact on the forestry industry; both in terms of cost and achieving positive environmental outcomes. This research has investigated and quantified the variation in Permitted Activity rules and BMPs between the sixteen Regional Councils of New Zealand, with a focus on culvert installation and earthworks. This research quantified variation on both a national scale and between neighbouring councils. A peer review exercise was carried out to test the possible subjectivity of results, and found that an expert panel largely agreed with the results produced. It has been found that there is significant variation in these regional rules and BMPs. Variation in both the level of control, i.e., the number of rules and BMPs per council, and the nature of control, i.e., the proportion of rules or BMPs utilised, is considerable. Further, the rules and BMPs of one council are seldom the same as another. This variation is apparent on both a national scale and when considering only neighbouring pairs of councils. The findings on levels of variation between councils show that the variation is high, given that the parameters of this research excluded rules and BMPs which pertained to areas of special significance or value. As only ‘general’ rules and BMPs were examined, one would expect variation between councils to be low. The results, however, indicate that there is only limited agreement between Regional Councils. New Zealand’s resource management rules and policies regarding plantation forestry are currently under review. By highlighting the existing regional variation, this research may help to promote the need for a more consistent and effective approach to the regulation of forestry operations.

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This thesis explores the impact of the new Children’s Act, Act 38 of 2005 on the acquisition by unmarried fathers of parental responsibilities and rights. The research has shown that the Children’s Act has fundamentally transformed the way in which parental responsibilities and rights are acquired. Parental responsibilities and rights can now be automatically acquired by a committed unmarried father. Although the Act has undergone major changes, unmarried fathers must still satisfy many more requirements than mothers, and thus it is asserted that the Act is deemed not to have been progressive enough. Granting full parental responsibilities and rights to both parents, based on their biological link to the child, would meet the constitutional demands of sex and gender equality. This would also place the focus on the child, and the best interests of the child. The importance in securing these best interests that the presence of both parents has in the life of the child is emphasised. / Thesis (LL.M. (Comparative Child Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

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There appears to be a vacillation from the original intent of the Employment Act of 1946. It was originally intended to serve as a tool whereby the smoothing and the easing of cyclical fluctuations of the business cycle could be facilitated. It now seems as though this tool has become one which is being used to correct those structural weaknesses which exist in the economy.

I The crime of fraud and special kinds of fraud ABSTRACT When choosing a subject matter for my diploma thesis I focused on what might be useful even from the point of view of my future practice. In this context, fraud of all different kinds is something we can meet with on daily basis and that is the reason why I decided to study in detail and treat this particular phenomenon. The entire thesis has been divided by me into six chapters with each of them splitting further into sub-chapters. I wished to treat the subject matter in most comprehensive way and so the thesis contains both historical and descriptive aspects as well as methodological ones, with an emphasis on the use and interpretation applied by courts and specific institutions. Chapter One stands for an introduction into the subject matter seen from a historical perspective. The first sub-chapter summarizes re-codification works of penal law from 1989 up to the present time while the subsequent sub-chapters deal with the very term of criminal offence of fraud in respect of its evolution and major amendments. The essence of Chapter Two consists of an analysis of legal attributes of the criminal offence of fraud pursuant to Art. 209, Penal Code (Art. 250, former Penal Code). The individual sub-chapters present general characteristics, definition of...

Schools implement school-wide positive behavior support systems to enforce rules, shape maladaptive behaviors, and promote positive climate where students’ wellbeing can improve. A way to reduce disruptive behaviors is with Accept. Identify. Move (AIM) curriculum with reinforcement system and social-emotional components. Statistical t-test of between group of Intervention Classroom and Control Classroom, within Intervention Classroom group, and within Control Classroom group to evaluate changes in psychological flexibility changes after students received the AIM intervention and control classroom intervention. The between group and within Intervention Classroom group t-test produced statistically significant results, and the within Control Classroom group produced no statically significant results. An ABA design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two classrooms receiving separate interventions. This study suggests that the AIM intervention can help students develop physiological flexibility skills and decrease disruptive behaviors in the classroom setting.