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No description available.

Total fish landings in Qatar increased from 1736t in 1980 to 7845t in 1992. Around 93% of this growth was due to an increase in the artisanal fleet. this increase was exemplified by increases in i) numbers of vessels from 174 to 422, ii) numbers of fishermen from 573 to 1962, iii) mean vessel power from 30 to 67 kW. The mean Qatar National Fishing Company (QNFC) CPUE during 1984 to 1991 was 112.4 kg.h^-1. The QNFC trawlers ceased operation in 1992 when market share by value of catch had declined to 4.6%. The artisanal fleet continued to land a greater variety of high value species with landings reaching 6996t during 1993. Market 'consumption' of <I>Siganus </I>spp. generally increased during the spawning season. Females may release > 1 million eggs (mean - 400,000, ± 43,000) in a single spawning, generally between March and May. Spawning was later in 1993 than 1992 and is possibly linked to the lunar cycle. The main spawning grounds of <I>Siganus </I>are around islands, the coastline and coral reefs. Most fry were found in bays and lagoons near Wakrah and Dhakirah, no fry were found in mangroves. <I>S. canaliculatus </I>can reach maturity by year one (females at 14.5cm, males at 13.5cm total length) but most reach maturation in year two. <I>S. canaliculatus </I>is probably best aged by vertebral annuli, other studies also suggest it can easily withstand a salinities up to 58‰. Gulf salinity is approximately 42‰. Imposition of a closed season during April-May is recommended, particularly at sites close to the coastline and islands. <I>Penaeus semisulcatus </I>accounted for 97.5% by weight of total shrimp catches during this study. The mean annual CPUE for this species was 16.6 (S.D. 9.96) and 3.03 (S.D.2.2) kg.h^-1 at Doha and Khore respectively (1992-93).

Recent archaeological excavations at the early urban settlement of Early Bronze Age III Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel presented the opportunity to reconstruct the life-history of basalt ground stone artefacts. In specific, this investigation sought to establish the nature of production, distribution, consumption, and discard associated with these commodities. This study involved a provenance analysis using XRF, a typological analysis, a morphometric analysis, and a spatial analysis. The results indicate that the basalt sources in the northeastern sub-regions of the southern Levant were locally exploited for the small-scale production of basalt artefacts by non-specialised artisans. These commodities were redistributed to Tell es-Safi/Gath residents by a centralised authority. The role Tell es-Safi/Gath played in these long-distance exchange networks indicates the socio-economic prominence this settlement held in the Shephelah. This results further demonstrate the potential of ground stone artefacts for understanding the behaviour and daily life of non-elite people.

The majority of interpretations of literary animals focus on the animals' metaphoric or symbolic significance, overlooking the actual animal, which often completely disappears behind its metaphoric or mythological representation. Such traditional interpretations of animals expose the dominant anthropocentric focus of the humanities in general, and literary studies in particular. Yet, even as textual representations a lot of literary animals still exhibit some basic species-specific characteristics. By analyzing selected Russian fairytales through the animal studies perspective I will show that in a lot of Russian fairytales animals exercise their agency, retain their animal specificity and are involved in complex companionate relationships with humans. Such portrayal of animals in Russian fairytales warrants identifying traditional Russian worldview as ecosystemic – in which humans are positioned on an equal plane with other living beings. Given the insufficient number of interpretive works on Russian fairytales, and the lack of work on fairytale animals, the present application of animal studies to Russian folktales can be one of the first steps to filling this niche. / Les analyses des animaux dans la littérature se concentrent pour la plupart sur la signification de l'animal métaphorique ou symbolique et negligent par là même l'animal réel qui disparaît souvent derrière sa représentation métaphorique ou mythologique. Ces interprétations traditionnelles révèlent l'anthropocentrisme qui domine dans les sciences humaines en général, et les études littéraires en particulier. Pourtant, les animaux dans la littérature retiennent encore des caractéristiques spécifiques à leur espèce. En analysant certains contes de fées russes du point de vue des études animales, je vais montrer que les animaux gardent leur capacité d'être agent, qu'ils conservent leur spécificité animale et qu'ils sont impliqués dans des relations complexes comme compagnons des humains. Cette représentation des animaux dans les contes de fées russes montre que la vision traditionnelle du monde russe est écosystémique – c'est-à-dire que les humains sont sur un même plan d'égalité que les autres êtres vivants. Compte tenu du nombre insuffisant d'analyses sur les contes de fées russes, et du manque d'analyses sur les animaux dans les contes de fées en général, la présente étude représente une étape importante pour combler cette lacune.

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No description available.

This thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach, combining the findings of anthropology with historical and archival research, to evaluate Bugis diaries to provide historical information relating to the kingdom of Boné in the late eighteenth century. The diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, which covers the period 1775 to 1795, forms the primary material for the study, and is examined alongside other, selected Bugis diaries. The first three chapters form the conceptual framework against which the Bugis diary must be understood. The methodology is set out in Chapter One. The second chapter provides historical, geographical and ethnological information about South Sulawesi; it introduces the Bugis and the regency of Boné, and discusses Bugis written tradition and the knowledge it reflects. Chapter Three is concerned with the Bugis language, its origin and the development of the written script. The specificity of the Bugis diaries as a distinct category of indigenous written works is discussed. Chapters Four, Five and Six apply the methodology to the diary of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, cross-referencing its entries to other contemporary primary sources. Throughout, the function of the court diary is considered, and its limitations, most notably concerning the objectivity, are identified and discussed. Chapter Four examines the political life of Boné, the most powerful and important of the Bugis kingdoms of South Sulawesi in the eighteenth century. Centering on particular episodes that occurred during his reign, the reliability of the king's diary is tested. In Chapter Five, information from the diary is used to produce an account of the economy of Boné and to describe a number of traditional economic practices of the inner circle at court. Chapter Six analyses what can be learned from his diary of the diverse social, cultural and religious practices in which the king was involved. Chapter Seven, in conclusion, reflects on the character of Sultan Ahmad as-Salleh, who ruled Boné from 1775 until his death in 1812. No physical memory of him has survived in South Sulawesi. His memorial is his diary and the light that it sheds on Boné's past.

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No description available.