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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study was to test the premise that the apparent deficit in the recall of recently learned material in the norm a 1 aged is related to personality changes and variations in level of interest. Much of the literature on aging has made reference to an apparent memory loss for recent events while memory for past events appears to remain relatively intact. Although, in general, this repeatedly reported phenomenon has been attributed to a brain-tissue loss associated with increasing age, it has been suggested that personality factors may be involved in determining what is remembered and what is forgotten. As a result of a review of the literature describing personality changes and the application of principles contained within psychoanalytic theory, a concept of ego-constriction was developed as a measure of psychological aging, related to, but different from chronological aging. Changes in interest patterns with increasing age were also noted, reflecting a tendency on the part of aged subjects to become more concerned with past events rather than ongoing situations. [TRUNCATED] / 2999-01-01

The present study investigated the relationships between ego identity, egocentrism, and formal operations in an adolescent setting. Also included in the study were various subscales of the different measurements, as well as grade in school and sex. It was hypothesized that a regression model could predict ego identity status from formal operations measured by the Piagetian Formal Operations Instrument (Burney, 1974) and egocentrism measured by the Adolescent Egocentrism Sociocentrism Scale (Enright, Shukla, and Lapsley, 1980). Ego identity status was determined by use of the Ego Identity Interview developed especially for adolescents by Archer (1980). The subjects were 15 males and 15 females each in grades eight, ten, twelve, and a college sophomore class. Subjects ranged in age from 13 to 24. The correlational results indicated significant and positive relationships between ego identity, formal operations, and grade. Egocentrism and sex were not found to be significantly related to ego identity per se, but egocentrism was found to be significantly negatively to vocational identity. Regression analysis revealed that grade was the most valuable predictor of ego identity, significantly explaining approximately 21 percent of the variance. Also the self-focus subscale of egocentrism, when added to grade, significantly explained 21 percent of the variance in vocational identity. Further investigation regarding the concept of egocentrism among adolescents and self-focus as it relates to vocational identity was recommended. / Doctor of Philosophy

It was the intent of this study to investigate the relationship of the concept of ego-strength to the success in vocational rehabilitation. Specifically, the study was designed to evaluate in detail certain components of ego-strength which might be significant in distinguishing between the successful and unsuccessful disabled workers referred to Goodwill Industries of Dallas for vocational diagnosis and training.

The effects of taking a third person role on self disclosure, self sympatheticness and several nonverbal parameters of task involvement were examined in a psychotherapy analogue study. Subjects were classified as high or low in ego strength using previously established norms for college students. In the third person role subjects were instructed to describe themselves from the perspective of an "intimate and sympathetic best friend." An encouragement to talk format was used to facilitate self description from the first person. Support was not found for the hypotheses that altering the perspective used in self description would increase self disclosure and that high ego strength subjects would be better able to use a perspective taking intervention. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed. Recommendations for future research are made.

The purpose was to verify ego states as objectively identifiable phenomena and the influence of early parent-child relationships on their identification using an audio tape of recorded examples of ego states, Thompson's Ego State Tape (EST), and the Roe-Siegleman Parent-Child Relations Questionaire (PCR). No relationship was found between SAT scores and scores on the EST, nor between PCR and EST scores. It was concluded that possibly (1) no relationship existed between how children perceive their parents and the identification of ego states, and (2) that the PCR might not be sampling child rearing practices relevant to the identification of ego states.

Since women in the Women's Rights Movement (Feminists) tend to be educated, career- or goal-oriented, and typically middle-class it was anticipated that these aspects would be reflected in an elevation on the ego strength (Es) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). This anticipated elevation was felt to be functionally related not only to career- or goal-oriented behavior and intelligence, but to active participation on an autonomous basis in the Women's Rights Movement as well. Because of the different activities of various Feminist organization, i.e., women's studies programs, consciousness raising, investigations of inequities to women, confrontations with establishment hierarchies, and participation in career and other self-fulfilling activities, it was hypothesized that women who are active Feminists would score significantly higher on the Es scale than a similar group of active women who are not Feminists.

Title: Motivation of players of beach volleyball Objectives: The aim of this master thesis is to assess the self-determination, motivational orientation, and the factors influencing the self confidence of beach volleyball players by means of questionnaires and to recommend practical applications based on obtained results (data). Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative questionnaire, which was compiled of three standardized questionnaires in their Czech versions, used in psychology. To measure self-determination of male and female players of beach volleyball, the Sport Motivation Scale - 6 questionnaire was used. Goal Orientation was measured using the Perception of Success Questionnaire; the Sources of Sport Confidence questionnaire was used to deal with the topic of self confidence. Results: The obtained results regarding the players' self-determination confirm the general presumption of high levels of intrinsic motivation and very low levels of amotivation in individuals practicing sports. The highest values were measured with respect to integrated regulation, the most autonomous form of extrinsic motivation. With regard to gender, males scored higher in amotivation, external regulation, and introjected regulation. Females, on the other hand, scored higher in identified regulation,...

O aumento da importância que se tem dado ao objeto na constituição do psiquismo ao longo da história da psicanálise nos tem levado a reflexões acerca da constituição ou instalação da subjetividade, e ao exame detido das condições do psiquismo do outro, para além dos aspectos constitucionais ou idiossincráticos do sujeito. Indagações acerca do estatuto desta figura a que chamamos objeto apontam irremediavelmente para o mesmo lugar – o ego – sendo ambos parte de um quadro maior que podemos chamar subjetividade. O objetivo deste trabalho é percorrer os meandros da constituição e instalação da subjetividade, em que as figuras do sujeito e do objeto (ou de um eu e um outro) encontrarão seu lugar, sustentação e dissonâncias. Isto é realizado através do percurso, no texto de Freud, de conceitos, idéias e sentidos implícitos cabíveis nessa discussão. Abordo a natureza ambivalente do vínculo sujeito-objeto, no qual se evidenciam as dificuldades de delimitar objeto e sujeito sem que isto signifique alguma imbricação entre os conceitos ou noções de cada um. É preciso pensar em níveis simultâneos de constituição subjetiva, um de diferenciação e outro de indiferenciação, que se exigem. Cria-se, a partir de um momento originário, antes de haver um ego, uma condição de reflexividade que denomino si, e uma região primitiva de alteridade que denomino não-si. Este si é o primeiro depositário do investimento a que chamamos narcisismo primário. Ao longo da vida do sujeito, este si geralmente coincidirá com o ego, e será somente numa experiência estranha que ele poderá dar-se conta daquilo que estou chamando de descentramento subjetivo. A ferida tocada, justamente, é a suposta natureza sintética dos processos do ego, habitualmente ancorada na experiência de identidade. É na expressão freudiana de uma “estrutura do ego" que encontramos apoio para abordar o atravessamento interno que o sujeito sofre do objeto, uma estrutura que excede a função egóica, e que, não obstante, diz respeito ao eu. Também o viés econômico na psicanálise, através da pulsão, do traumático e da repetição – elementos que perfazem o vínculo sujeito-objeto –, tem um papel fundamental para a compreensão da constituição dos lugares subjetivos, do eu e do outro. / The increasing importance having been given to the object on the constitution of the psyche throughout the history of psychoanalysis has been leading us to reflections about the constitution or installation of subjectivity and to a thorough exam of the conditions of the psyche of the other, beyond the constitutional or idiosyncratic aspects of the subject. Scrutiny of the status of this notion we term object point irrevocably to the same place – the ego – both of which are part of a larger scene that can be termed subjectivity. The aim of the present work is to go through the paths of the constitution and installation of subjectivity, in which the notions of subject and object (or of I and other) shall find their ground, support and dissonances. The afore-mentioned is accomplished through the investigation, in the work of Freud, of concepts, ideas and implicit meanings pertinent to the present discussion. The ambivalent nature of the subject-object link is addressed, wherein lie the difficulties of delimitating object and subject without this meaning some imbrication between the concepts or notions of the two. Concomitant levels of subjective constitution must be regarded, one of differentiation and other of undifferentiation, both mutually dependant on each other. From a primary moment, prior to the emergence of the ego, there is the creation of a reflexivity condition that I call ‘impersonal self’, alongside a primitive alterity region I term ‘impersonal non-self’. This ‘impersonal self’ is the first repository of the cathexis we term primary narcissism. Throughout the subject’s life, this ‘impersonal self’ will usually coincide with the ego, and it is only in an uncanny experience that he will be able to gain awareness of what I am calling ‘subjective decentering’. The touched wound is precisely the alleged synthetic nature of the ego processes, customarily anchored in the experience of identity. It is in Freud’s expression of a “structure of the ego" that we find support to address the internal crossing that the subject suffers from the object, a structure that exceeds the ego function and, nonetheless, refers to the I. Furthermore, the economic standpoint in psychoanalysis, through the instinct, trauma and repetition – elements that shape the subject-object link – has a fundamental role in the understanding of the constitution of subjective positions, of the I and the other.