A crise mundial de 2008 impulsionou o avanço das políticas de governança do sistema financeiro global. Parte dessas políticas envolve a reformulação de processos de gerenciamento de informações, e neste cenário de reestruturação tecnológica, várias iniciativas se propõem a solucionar alguns dos problemas já conhecidos. Para viabilizar a adoção de um sistema financeiro global integrado e robusto, grandes empresas de tecnologia e instituições financeiras somam esforços para atender melhor às necessidades do setor. A arquitetura da World Wide Web é uma constante nessas iniciativas, e parte delas buscam os benefícios previstos pelas tecnologias semânticas, tais como sua alta capacidade de integração de dados heterogêneos e utilização de algoritmos de inferência para a dedução de informações. O objetivo deste estudo é utilizar ontologias e tecnologias semânticas, tais como OWL, na gestão de riscos do sistema financeiro, particularmente para verificar a sua aplicabilidade nas políticas de gestão de riscos específicas do sistema financeiro brasileiro, estabelecidas pelas normas publicadas pelo Banco Central (BACEN). / The 2008 global crisis boosted the advancement of governance policies for the global financial system. Some of these policies involve reformulating information management processes; in this restructuring scenario, several initiatives are intended to address some of the well-known issues. To enable the adoption of an integrated and robust global financial system, large technology companies and financial institutions joined efforts to meet industry needs in a better way. The architecture of the World Wide Web is a constant in these initiatives, and some of these seek the benefits provided by semantic technologies, such as its high capacity for integration of heterogeneous databases and the use of inference algorithms for acquiring new information. The goal of this work is to use ontologies and semantic technologies such as OWL in the financial system risk management, particularly verifying the applicability of these techniques to the Brazilian financial system risk management policies, as published by the Brazil Central Bank (BACEN).

Orientador: Edberto Ferneda / Banca: Raimundo Nonato dos Santos / Banca: Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório Vidotti / Resumo: A Sociologia da Ciência ou os Estudos Sociais da Ciência têm procurado analisar a estrutura das disciplinas científicas em relação às suas práticas sociais, procurando oferecer novas perspectivas sobre a construção do saber e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Um conceito importante para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é o de comunidade científica caracterizada pela prática de uma especialidade, por uma formação teórica comum, pela circulação abundante de informação no interior do grupo. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a pesquisa brasileira em Web Semântica, considerado um tema na fronteira de pesquisa de duas matrizes disciplinares: a Ciência da Computação e a Ciência da Informação. Optou-se por um estudo cienciométrico, tendo como fonte para coleta dos dados o Curriculum Lattes de pesquisadores doutores e nas dissertações e teses defendidas sobre Web Semântica e suas tecnologias. A integração entre comunidades científicas formadas em matrizes disciplinares diferentes encontra um ambiente favorável nos espaços de fronteira que demarcam as matrizes disciplinares. Comprova-se isso ao observar-se a comunidade pesquisadora sobre Web Semântica no Brasil, composta por pesquisadores de diversas matrizes como a Lingüística, a Ciência da Informação e a Ciência da Computação. / Abstract: Science is a critical and dynamic social activity whose objective is the knowledge production on different aspects of the nature. An important concept for the development of this work is of scholarly community characterized by the practical one of a specialty, for a common theoretical formation, the abundant circulation of information in the interior of the group. This study it has for objective to characterize the Brazilian research in Semantic Web, considered a subject in the border of research of two matrices discipline matrices the Computer Science and the Information Science. It was opted to a scientometrics study, having as source of the data the Curriculum Lattes of doctors. The integration between scholarly communities formed in matrices of different disciplines finds a favorable environment in the scientific boundaries that demarcate the discipline matrices Observing that researching community on Semantic Web in Brazil, composed for researchers of diverse matrices as Linguistics, Information Science and Computer Science. / Mestre

Aim of this diploma thesis is to map semantic features of CMS Drupal version 7. The goal of the first part of this work is to theoretically describe semantic web problematic and CMS Drupal. The second -- practical part of this work maps in details all the features of semantic web, which are supported by described CMS Drupal. These semantic features are mapped in two different points of views -- implementation and functional. Main contribution of this work is the method used to map these features. It's based on Drupal plugins code modification and revision in order to draw or demonstrate these features, which are not necessarily completely documented or functional. Furthermore all of these features are demonstrated on examples created as a part of this thesis. Finally the last part of this work compares these mapped features to similar CMS systems.

O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar se as tecnologias de Web Semântica podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do protocolo Internet Registry Information Service Protocol (IRIS). IRIS é um novo protocolo para o serviço de informação sobre registros da Internet. Ele ainda encontra-se em fase de desenvolvimento por um grupo de trabalho do Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). O objetivo do grupo de trabalho é desenvolver e padronizar um novo protocolo para substituir o protocolo Whois. Whois é o protocolo padrão utilizado atualmente para serviços de informação sobre registros da Internet, por exemplo nomes de domínios, endereços Internet Protocol (IP), sistemas autônomos, dentre outros. A principal motivação para o desenvolvimento do novo protocolo foi a crescente preocupação com a segurança dos dados armazenados na base de dados Whois pois o protocolo Whois não provê nenhum mecanismo de segurança. Outro motivo foi a ausência de suporte a base de dados distribuída porque o protocolo Whois foi desenvolvido para uma base de dados centralizada e, consequentemente, não atende aos requisitos padrões para protocolos da Internet. Até agora, o grupo de trabalho abordou e solucionou dois dos principais problemas do protocolo Whois: (1) segurança e (2) suporte à base de dados distribuída. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento de um novo padrão envolve um grande investimento da comunidade, em particular com respeito a políticas baseadas em consenso. Além disso, existe uma grande barreira a ser vencida para a adoção do novo protocolo: a adoção pelos usuários. O novo protocolo deve ter longevidade sem necessidade de atualização ou substituição por outro protocolo. Para atingir esse objetivo, é preciso não apenas satisfazer necessidades imediatas, como segurança, mas prever necessidades futuras. Este estudo envolveu as seguintes atividades de pesquisa: (1) análise comparativa dos atuais protocolos de busca de informação sobre registros da Internet, (2) o estudo aprofundado do protocolo IRIS e (3) a avaliação de novas tecnologias que pudessem ser incorporadas ao novo protocolo, em particular tecnologias de Web Semântica. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as tecnologias de Web Semântica garantiriam a flexibilidade e extensibilidade necessárias para que o protocolo possa se adaptar às necessidades atuais e futuras. Para validar os resultados teóricos do estudo foi implementado um protótipo baseado na especificação do protocolo IRIS utilizando tecnologias de Web semântica. Dois tipos de experimentos foram conduzidos: (1) experimentos comparando os desempenhos do protótipo e do cliente Whois e (2) avaliação de desempenho do protótipo baseada em testes de carga. Finalmente, a implementação do protótipo e subsequentes experimentos serviram como prova de conceito de que as tecnologias de Web Semântica podem contribuir para o sucesso do protocolo IRIS. / The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether Semantic Web technologies can contribute to Internet Registry Information Service Protocol (IRIS) protocol development. IRIS is a new protocol for providing an information service for Internet resources. It is currently still under development by an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group. The objective of the working group is to develop and standardize a new protocol to replace the Whois protocol. Whois is the standard protocol used today by information services for Internet resources, i.e. domain names, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, autonomous systems, amongst others. The motivation to develop a new protocol was based on increasing concerns regarding the security of data stored in the Whois database as the Whois protocol does not provide any security mechanism. Another motivation was the absence of support for distributed databases as the Whois protocol was developed for a centralized database, hence it no longer meets the standard requirements for Internet protocols. So far, the working group has tackled and solved two main issues concerning the Whois protocol: (1) security and (2) support for distributed databases. However, the development of a new standard demands a great investment from the community, in particular with respect to consensus-based policies. Additionally, there is one major barrier against adopting the new protocol: the users adoption. The new protocol must have longevity without being updated or replaced by another protocol. To reach this goal, it is necessary to meet not only the current requirements, such as security issues, but to cater also for future requirements. This thesis is concerned with the following research activities: (1) comparative analysis of the current protocols used to provide information services on Internet resources, (2) the IRIS protocol analysis and (3) the evaluation of new technologies that could be incorporated in the new protocol, in particular Semantic technologies. The results demonstrate that Semantic Web technologies could provide the necessary flexibility and extensibility to meet the current and future requirements of IRIS. To validate the theoretical results a prototype based on the IRIS specification was implemented using Semantic Web technologies. Two types of experiments were conducted: (1) experiments comparing the Whois and the prototype performance and (2) performance evaluation of the prototype based on load tests. Finally, the prototype implementation and subsequent experiment results serve as a proof-of-concept that Semantic Web technologies could contribute towards the IRIS protocol success.

Avec l'avancée du Web Sémantique et des initiatives Open Linked Data, une grande quantité de documents RDF sont disponibles sur Internet. L'objectif est de rendre ces données lisibles pour les humains et les machines, en adoptant des formats spéciaux et en les connectant à l'aide des IRIs (International Resource Identifier), qui sont des abstractions de ressources réelles du monde. L’augmentation du nombre de données publiées et partagées augmente également le nombre d’informations sensibles diffusées. En conséquence, la confidentialité des entités d'intérêts (personnes, entreprises, etc.) est un véritable défi, nécessitant des techniques spéciales pour assurer la confidentialité et la sécurité adéquate des données disponibles dans un environnement où chaque utilisateur a accès à l'information sans aucune restriction (Web).Ensuite, trois aspects principaux sont considérés pour assurer la protection de l'entité: (i) Préserver la confidentialité, en identifiant les données qui peuvent compromettre la confidentialité des entités (par exemple, les identifiants, les quasi-identifiants); (ii) Identifier l'utilité des données publiques pour diverses applications (par exemple, statistiques, tests, recherche); et (iii) Les connaissances antérieures du modèle qui peuvent être utilisées par les pirates informatiques (par exemple, le nombre de relations, une relation spécifique, l'information d'un nœud).L'anonymisation est une technique de protection de la confidentialité qui a été appliquée avec succès dans les bases de données et les graphes. Cependant, les études sur l'anonymisation dans le contexte des documents RDF sont très limitées. Ces études sont les travaux initiaux de protection des individus sur des documents RDF, puisqu'ils montrent les approches pratiques d'anonymisation pour des scénarios simples comme l'utilisation d'opérations de généralisation et d'opérations de suppression basées sur des hiérarchies. Cependant, pour des scénarios complexes, où une diversité de données est présentée, les approches d'anonymisations existantes n'assurent pas une confidentialité suffisante.Ainsi, dans ce contexte, nous proposons une approche d'anonymisation, qui analyse les voisins en fonction des connaissances antérieures, centrée sur la confidentialité des entités représentées comme des nœuds dans les documents RDF. Notre approche de l'anonymisation est capable de fournir une meilleure confidentialité, car elle prend en compte la condition de la diversité de l'environnement ainsi que les voisins (nœuds et arêtes) des entités d'intérêts. En outre, un processus d'anonymisation automatique est assuré par l'utilisation d'opérations d'anonymisations associées aux types de données. / With the advance of the Semantic Web and the Open Linked Data initiatives, a huge quantity of RDF data is available on Internet. The goal is to make this data readable for humans and machines, adopting special formats and connecting them by using International Resource Identifiers (IRIs), which are abstractions of real resources of the world. As more data is published and shared, sensitive information is also provided. In consequence, the privacy of entities of interest (e.g., people, companies) is a real challenge, requiring special techniques to ensure privacy and adequate security over data available in an environment in which every user has access to the information without any restriction (Web). Then, three main aspects are considered to ensure entity protection: (i) Preserve privacy, by identifying and treating the data that can compromise the privacy of the entities (e.g., identifiers, quasi-identifiers); (ii) Identify utility of the public data for diverse applications (e.g., statistics, testing, research); and (iii) Model background knowledge that can be used for adversaries (e.g., number of relationships, a specific relationship, information of a node). Anonymization is one technique for privacy protection that has been successfully applied in practice for databases and graph structures. However, studies about anonymization in the context of RDF data, are really limited. These studies are initial works for protecting individuals on RDF data, since they show a practical anonymization approach for simple scenarios as the use of generalization and suppression operations based on hierarchies. However, for complex scenarios, where a diversity of data is presented, the existing anonymization approaches does not ensure an enough privacy. Thus, in this context, we propose an anonymization framework, which analyzes the neighbors according to the background knowledge, focused on the privacy of entities represented as nodes in the RDF data. Our anonymization approach is able to provide better privacy, since it takes into account the l-diversity condition as well as the neighbors (nodes and edges) of entities of interest. Also, an automatic anonymization process is provided by the use of anonymization operations associated to the datatypes.

This thesis intends to develop application-level access control models to address several major security issues in enterprise environments. The first goal is to provide simple and efficient authorization specifications to reduce the complexity of security management. The second goal is to provide dynamic access control for Web service applications. The third goal is to provide an access control framework for Semantic Web services. In this thesis, an Authorization-Function-Based Role-based Access Control (FB-RBAC) model is proposed for controlling enterprise systems at the application level. The unique features of the proposed model are authorization-function-based access control and constraint-based finegrained access control. This model significantly simplifies the management of an access control system by adopting roles and authorization-functions in authorization specifications. An extension of FB-RBAC, Extended FB-RBAC (ERBAC), is applied to Web service applications. New features such as credential-based access control and dynamic role assignment are added to FB-RBAC in order to address user heterogeneity and dynamicity in the Web environment. The proposed ERBAC model is then extended to support Semantic Web services. Each component of the ERBAC model is described by security ontologies. These correlated security ontologies are integrated with Semantic Web services to form a complete ontology network. Ontology-based role assignment is facilitated so that security information can be queries and discovered through a network of ontologies.

<p>The semantic web is a vision of the Internets future, there machines and humans can understand the same information. To make this possible, documents have to be provided with metadata in a general language. W3C has created Web Ontology Language (owl) for this purpose.</p><p>This report present the creation of a LaTeX package, which makes it possible to include metadata in pdf files. It also presents how you can create annotations, which are bound to the metadata that's been generated. With the help of this package it's easy to create pdf documents with automatically generated metadata and annotations.</p>

We report on a study of how people look for information within email, files, and the Web. When locating a document or searching for a specific answer, people relied on their contextual knowledge of their information target to help them find it, often associating the target with a specific document. They appeared to prefer to use this contextual information as a guide in navigating locally in small steps to the desired document rather than directly jumping to their target. We found this behavior was especially true for people with unstructured information organization. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of personal information management tools.

The COntext INterchange (COIN) strategy is an approach to solving the problem of interoperability of semantically heterogeneous data sources through context mediation. COIN has used its own notation and syntax for representing ontologies. More recently, the OWL Web Ontology Language is becoming established as the W3C recommended ontology language. We propose the use of the COIN strategy to solve context disparity and ontology interoperability problems in the emerging Semantic Web – both at the ontology level and at the data level. In conjunction with this, we propose a version of the COIN ontology model that uses OWL and the emerging rules interchange language, RuleML. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

ABSTRACT The availability of useful information for research strongly depends on well structured relationships between consistently defined concepts (terms) in that domain. This can be achieved through ontologies. Ontologies are models of the knowledge of specific domain such as petroleum geology, in a computer understandable format. Knowledge is a collection of facts. Facts are represented by RDF triples (subject-predicate-object). A domain ontology is therefore a collection of many RDF triples, which represent facts of that domain. The SWEET ontologies are upper or top-level ontologies (foundation ontologies) consisting of thousands of very general concepts. These concepts are obtained from of Earth System science and include other related concepts. The work in this thesis deals with scientific knowledge representation in which the SWEET ontologies are extended to include wider, more specific and specialized concepts used in Petroleum Geology. Thus Petroleum Geology knowledge modeling is presented in this thesis.