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Diss. Stockholm : University, 2004.

No description available.

No description available.

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Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 60 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).

After 1978, Chinese government initiated the transformation of the relationship between state and society. It was a process that the actor of state retreated gradually from market and society, meanwhile market and society developed slowly in the space which released by state. The state had different attitude toward market and society, as a result the market made a quicker development than the society. The society developed in the state and the market. The trade association in China could be divided into three types: state-led, spontaneous and eclectic. All of them are founded in the space released by state and the market. It reflected that in planned economy the trade associations still could be driven by the market. The trend of trade promotion associations¡¦ development are the state-led trade promotion associations will become more independently, and it would turn into the modern trade management system. Also the spontaneous promotion associations would develop fast. At that time, it would be hard to differentiate these two kind trade associations. According to the analysis above, the conclusion of this study are: First, Chinese government should continue to reform the SOEs, abolish the unsuitable privilege of administration department and rebuild the state-led trade associations. Second, give support to the newly build trade promotion associations and encourage the creative thinking. Third, cancel the dual management system and implement the systematic management. Fourth, allow the rational competition and regularize the behaviors of trade promotion associations. Finally, complete the supervised system, make the specific rules for trade promotion associations and develop other economical NGOs to make the balance effect.

After the 1990s, Japan has been deeply influenced by international trends as well as its own political and economic development. With the traditional Tenno system, Japan confronted the rapid rise and impact of the civilians' social consciousness. The change can be observed and traced back to the period after the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, when a volunteering civic engagement started automatically and later spread up the realization and implementation of the Non-Profit Organizations (NPO) Act. Based on my observations regarding legal regulations and institutional changes , this dissertation constructs a society-centered theory to explore and to analyze the relationship between the Japanese government and NPOs during the new period. This dissertation also seeks to explain how civic social ideologies developed and promoted the NPO Act and the establishment of the new JICA. In order to be more precise on the topic, I examine the change and the development by dividing the progress into ¡§traditional period¡¨ and ¡§new period¡¨ with after the cold war in the 1990s. On reviewing the changes of patterns and features of the development, I study the new interactive modes between state and society. The emphasis of this study is to show how Japan accelerated the NPO and ODA legal regulation and institutional changes. Furthermore, the study discusses how, the unique and new type of intermediate organizations, that support NPOs, developed after the execution of the NPO Act, and how those agencies provided local governments with NPOs cooperative partnership. In addition, this dissertation uses the platform of NPO Center of Chiba Prefecture as a case study, to analyze how to effectively combine members to spread the idea of ¡§NPO Prefecture,¡¨ and how to reorganize the system of new JICA in order to adopt outward environment and inward NPO participation. In other words, by demonstrating this new mode of cooperative partnership, the study expects to provide scholars with a reference of relative subjects and hopes to support the development of civil society in the developing countries.

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