Over-budget projects have become more common lately in the construction industry. This can lead to negative effects such as disputes between construction operators, closure of projects and reduced construction activity. In addition, increased construction costs risk financial strain for the entrepreneurs, which can lead to bankruptcy and a lower number of entrepreneurs in the market. With the recent large cost variations for, among other things, various building materials and fuels, it is of great interest as an entrepreneur to be able to protect yourself against cost increases. Therefore, it is important that an entrepreneur knows which financial instruments are available and what an effective financial risk management process can look like.The purpose of the study is to investigate which financial instruments are available that can protect a contractor against increased costs during the contract period. In addition, the study aims to investigate how the research believes that financial risk management should look like, both in tender phase and in the construction phase.The study's theory deals with which financial instruments an entrepreneur can use to protect themself against cost increases in a contract and how financial risk management should look like. The methods that the study covers are budget contingency, index regulation, General Regulations and the impact of inflation. The study also describes the Successive Principle as a method for managing uncertainties in a project. The study's theory regarding financial risks deals, among other things, with the four steps of identification, assessment, pricing and management of risks in the tender phase. In addition, how to deal with extern risks and risks in the construction phase are described.In order to compare the theory of the study linked to the research questions, BDX Företagen AB has been studied as a case company to see how a company in the industry works regarding financial risk management and protection against cost increases. In addition, interviews with the Swedish Transport Administration have been conducted to get the client's view on the matter. After the completed case study, some shortcomings were discovered with the methods described in the theory section, as well as opportunities for improvement regarding the case company's risk management and use of protection against cost increases. These are described as findings in the study. Some of the findings of the study are:-       A better index will be needed in the industry for an entrepreneur to be able to leave a fixed price.-       The Swedish Construction index is to be shut down and there is currently no substitute.-       There is no standardized way to interpret the General Regulations, which means that the assessment will be different from project to project.The study presents a number of recommendations the case company and other similar companies in the construction industry can make use of. The recommendations are based on the theory section and the shortcomings discovered in the case study. Some of the recommendations are:- Consider inflation when calculation projects.- Implement the Successive Principle when assessing risk and opportunities.- Develop a routine to transfer the risks from the tender phase to the construction phase.Financial risk management and protection against cost increases are of great importance to an entrepreneur in the construction industry. If these things are not taken into account, the entrepreneur risks financial losses, which in the worst case can lead to bankruptcy.

Denna tekniska rapport är gjort med två huvudmål. Det ena är att försöka lyfta fram vilka skillnader och likheter som finns mellan hur Statens vegvesen i Norge och Trafikverket i Sverige genomför kostnadsberäkning för sina vägprojekt. Det andra huvudmålet är att försöka analysera ett antal utvalda vägprojekt i Norge för att kunna göra konklusioner på hur bra kostnadsberäkningarna stämmer med verkliga kostnader. Det presenteras en beskrivande del för att ge läsaren en teoretisk bakgrund för att förstå metoden respektive organ använder för sina kalkyler. Ut ifrån detta blir skillnader och likheter diskuterat. En analyserande del tar läsaren genom den analys som är gjort för att göra slutsatser om hur de verkliga kostnaderna ser ut jämfört med de på förhand kalkylerade kostnaderna. Alla slutsatser presenteras avslutningsvis tillsammans med vidare rekommendationer. / This technical report is done with two main goals. The first is to try to highlight the differences and similarities between the methods for costing that Statens vegvesen in Norway and Trafikverket in Sweden use for their road projects. The second goal is to try to analyze a number of selected road projects in Norway in order to make conclusions about how well the calculated costs are compared to the actual costs. The report contains a describing section in purpose to give the reader a theoretical background for understanding the methods for costing. From this theoretical part the differences and similarities are discussed. An analytical part takes the reader trough the analyze that is done of the Norwegian projects in order to make conclusions about how well the real costs are compared to the pre-calculated costs. All of the findings and conclusions are presented in the end of the report together with further recommendations.