Orientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação sobre o desempenho, utilização de nitrogênio e mitigação de gás metano (CH4) em tourinhos Nelore na recria e, como o histórico de suplementação influencia no desempenho, expressão gênica e qualidade da carne desses animais. O trabalho foi dividido em experimento de recria e em experimento de terminação. Na recria, foram utilizados 60 tourinhos Nelores com idade média de 12 meses distribuidos em 9 piquetes de capim Marandú recebendo três tipos de suplementação a 0,3% PC: FS) suplemento múltiplo (proteico – energético) com farelo de soja; SE) suplemento energético e SD) suplemento múltiplo com DDG. Concomitante a este experimento, seis animais castrados e fistulados no rúmen, foram distribuidos nos três tratamentos para avaliação de consumo dos nutrientes, parâmetros ruminais e balanço e eficiência microbiana em delineamento quadrado latino duplo incompleto. Dentre os 60 animais destinados a avaliação de desempenho, foram escolhidos 18 tourinhos para determinação de produção de CH4. A análise estatística utilizada no experimento de desempenho e produção de gás metano foi o delineamento interamente casualizado. No experimento de terminação, foram utilizados 80 tourinhos Nelore que, na recria, receberam quatro tipos de suplementos: MM) mistura mineral ad libitum; FS; SE e SD foram terminados em dois sistemas. Dez animais de cada tratamento permaneceram em pasto e receberam suplemento de alto consumo a base de milho e DD... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation on performance, nitrogen use and methane gas (CH4) mitigation in Nellore bulls on post weaning phase and, investigate how the history of supplementation influences performance, gene expression and meat quality of these bulls. The study was divided into post weaning experiment and finishing experiment. On post weaning phase, 60 Nellore’s bulls with an average age of 12 months, were distributed in 9 paddocks receiving three types of supplementation at 0.3% PC: SB) multiple supplementation (protein - energy) with soybean meal; ES) energy supplement and SD) multiple supplement with DDG. Concomitant to this experiment, six castrated and fistulated animals were distributed in three treatments (two animals per treatment) for nutrient intake evaluation, ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance and microbial efficiency in the incomplete double-square Latin design. Among those 60 animals used for performance evaluation, 18 bulls were selected for determination of CH4 production. The statistical analysis used in the methane gas production and performance experiment was randomly designed as the data analysis was performed using the SAS (2008). On finishing experiment, 80 Nellore bulls were used receiving four types of supplements: MM) mineral mixture ad libitum; FS; SE and SD (20 animals per treatment) on post weaning phases were finished in two systems. Ten animals from each treatment keep on pasture and receive high intake... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

1 ABSTRACT Lorencová Š.: Nutraceuticals: possibilities in decreasing of hyperuricemia and alleviating gout. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Kralove 2020, 82 p. This research work was conducted on the basis of literature analysis, reviewing papers mainly from international but also domestic journals. The review describes pathophysiology of gout and discusses options to mitigate the disease with the aid of dietary supplements. This work presents symptoms and a clinical picture of the disease as well as its origin and risk factors, pathological processes leading to the development of the disease, and a short overview of current pharmacotherapy. Furthermore this work summarises natural substances including plant extracts that may be utilised in the prevention and support of gout treatment. In particular, these include vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and peptides. This work also describes plants used in the traditional treatment of gout and gives a brief overview of natural substances including plant extracts contained in food supplements that are available on the market in Czech Republic. This work also describes the role of purines, fructose, alcoholic drinks and tomatoes in triggering...

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and endocrine disorder common among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by elevated androgen levels, menstrual irregularities, and several cysts ranging from 2 to 9 mm on one or both ovaries. PCOS is prevalent in approximately 10% of women typically between the ages of 18-44. It is significantly underdiagnosed due to variation in disease manifestation. Treatment for PCOS includes oral contraceptives, Metformin, and Spironolactone. However, supplements such as zinc and magnesium are increasingly promising additions to PCOS treatment regimens to manage symptoms and co-morbid chronic diseases. The objective of this thesis is to determine the prevalence of supplement use as a treatment for PCOS in the Ovulation and Menstruation Health Pilot Study (OM). The OM Pilot study is an epidemiological, online survey that aims to study the characteristics and determinants of female reproductive diseases in a diverse population. This thesis also explores the overall role of nutrition in PCOS management. METHODS: The goal of the OM Pilot Study is to determine women’s gynecological health outcomes in a multi-ethnic cohort and to characterize the lifestyle, health, and menstrual risks of reproductive diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. The eligibility criteria included: being of reproductive age, having the ability to menstruate, being able to read in English, and having a working email address to receive the link to the survey. The survey and questions were designed by a board-certified reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialist at Boston Medical Center and was administered through REDCap, a cloud-based clinical software application for building and managing online surveys and databases. The questionnaire was comprised of each of the following sections: Demographics, Baseline Questionnaire, Anthropometrics, Menstrual Cycle, Contraceptive History, Health and Body, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Reproductive Health Questions, General Health Questions, Diet and Lifestyle, and Pregnancy and Birth History. Participants were recruited from multiple cities across the United States using in-person recruiting methods, online recruitment through a link, flyers, posters, word-of-mouth, and advertisements on Facebook and other social media websites such as Twitter and LinkedIn. Consenting participants were entered into a raffle to win a $200 gift card. Data analysis was conducted on SAS 9.4 and manually as needed. RESULTS: In terms of prevalence of PCOS: Of the 249 women who completed the survey, 60 women self-reported to having polycystic ovary syndrome (37 were diagnosed by a physician and 23 diagnosed by self). And of those 60 women who reported having PCOS, 24 reported taking medication for PCOS and out of these women, 10 women reported taking one, two, or three of the supplementary treatment options. Of the 60 women with PCOS, 4 women currently take a multivitamin for PCOS, 2 women currently take a dietary supplement, 2 women currently take herbal remedies, and 4 women reported drinking spearmint tea to help with PCOS management. Additionally, out of the 60 women who reported yes to having PCOS whether they were diagnosed by a physician and self-diagnosed, 11 women also reported yes to having an eating disorder. Of those 11 women, 7 women have anorexia, 7 women have bulimia, and 4 women have binge eating disorder. CONCLUSION: In this thesis, the prevalence rates of PCOS diagnoses, supplement use among PCOS patients, and eating disorders among PCOS patients were determined. Based on current literature on the effectiveness of supplements on PCOS symptoms, it seems advisable to study the effects of supplements further to incorporate them into treatment. With additional research, medical personnel such as physicians and registered dietitians should consider adding supplements to treatment regimen for PCOS. A personalized diet and exercise plan along with a plan to treat mental health to curb the prevalence of eating disorders may be beneficial to add to the treatment regimen for PCOS.

Åldersrelaterad makuladegeneration (AMD) är en vanlig orsak till synnedsättning i västvärlden. AMD är en multifaktoriell sjukdom med till stora delar okänd patogenes, sjukdomen drabbar vanligen personer över 50 år och saknar botande behandling. De karakteristiska kliniska fynd som ses vid AMD är drusen och förändringar i retinas retinala pigment epitel lager. En stark teori varför AMD uppstår är att makula dagligen utsätts för oxidation genom bland annat ljusinfall. För att minska den oxidativa stressen som uppstår har retina antioxidanter. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur olika vitaminer och antioxidanter kan påverka utvecklingen av AMD. De ingående vitaminerna och antioxidanterna har undersökts både för sin enskilda och gemensamma effekt. Litteraturstudien har baserats på fem randomiserade studier där vitaminer och antioxidanters effekt har undersökts, enskilt eller gemensamt, vid AMD. De ingående studierna har sökts via de medicinrelaterade och biovetenskapliga databaserna Pubmed och Springerlink och studierna har utförts efter 2010. Av de studier som har granskats har ett intag av supplement gett en förbättring mot progression av AMD. Det har setts en signifikant förbättring av pigmenten i makula och de preganglionska cellerna i makula. Vad alla studier har gemensamt var att den synskärpa som gått förlorad inte gick att återställa. Även om det har gjorts många studier inom ämnet är det tydligt att fler studier bör utföras, både med intag av kombinerade sammansättningar av supplement och enskilda supplement. Studierna bör dessutom innefatta ett större antal deltagare och vara under längre tidsperiod för att det ska kunna erhållas mer tillförlitliga och konkreta resultat. / Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disease with largely unknown pathogenesis, the disease usually affects people over the age of 50 and lacks a curative treatment. The characteristic clinical findings seen in AMD are drusen and changes in the retinas retinal pigment epithelial cell layer. A strong theory why AMD occurs is that the macula is exposed to oxidative stress through light. To reduce the oxidative stress that occurs, the retina has antioxidants. The purpose of this literature study was to investigate whether an intake of vitamins and antioxidants can affect the development of AMD. This literature study was based on five randomized trials that have studied the effects of vitamins and antioxidants on its individual or joint action on AMD. The studies were collected using the medical and bioscientific database Pubmed and Springerlink. All reviewed studies were performed after 2010. The studies have shown that an intake of supplements resulted in an improvement against the progression of AMD, shown by a significant improvement of the macular pigment and the preganglionic cells in the macula. What all the studies have in common was that the loss of visual acuity could not be restored. Although many studies have been conducted regarding supplements and their improvement of early AMD or progression of the disease, more studies need to be performed. Studies where both combined formulations of supplement and individual supplements needs further investigation. The studies should also include a larger number of participants and last for longer periods in order to obtain more reliable and concrete results.

No description available.

The utilization of composed caged-layer waste (CCLW) in diets for pregnant ewes fed cereal straw was evaluated. Five sheep were assigned to five diets containing, 0, 5.72, 11.37, 23.80, and 32.69% CCLW in a 5x5 Latin square design. Water intake, feed intake and feces output were measured. Feed and feces were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter, hemicellulose and minerals. Thus, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance could be calculated. Forty dry, pregnant ewes in the last third of generation were assigned to four dietary treatments contained 0, 11.25, 22.08 and 31.26% CCLW in a complete randomized design. The response measured were ewe weight change, lamb birth weight and wool growth. A ewe surgically fitted with a ruminal cannula was assisted to each treatment. These ewes were adapted to diets for a 7-day period and then ruminal sumples were collected at 0, 3, 9 and 12 hours post-feeding. Connulated ewes were rotated through each treatment pen in a 4x4 Latin square design. Collected samples were analyzed for ph, volatile fatty acids, ammonia and total protozoa. Dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility decreased as the level of CCLW increased (P<0.08). Other measurements (crude protein, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and total ash apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance) did not differ between treatments (P<0.05). A biological trend indicated an improvement in structural carbohydrate digestibility as the level of CCLW increased. Ruminal propionic acid concentrations increased as the level of CCLW increased. Ruminal propionic acid concentrations increased as the level of CCLW increased (P<0.05). Ruminal ph and ammonia concentration tended to increase as the level of CCLW increased. These measurements indicated a better ruminal environment for fiber hydrolysis. Daily body weight gain, lamb birth weight and wool growth of ewes did not differ between treatments (P<0.05). The results show that CCLW is a satisfactory source of supplemental nitrogen for gestating ewes.

I explore the relationship between quality of maternal employment and children’s reading achievement between six to thirteen years of age using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The hypotheses assert that job quality in terms of level of autonomy, supervisory power, complexity with people, data and things, and family benefits have significant positive effects on children’s reading achievement. The least squares estimates indicate that complexity, power, and autonomy has significant positive effects for children while the effects of family benefits is weak with the exception of the positive effect of union membership for racially disadvantaged groups.

No description available.

This study sought to determine the feasibility of introducing bamboo as a raw material to supplement the dwindling stock of traditional timber species for Ghana's forest products industry. First, the CEOs of the leading exporters of tertiary and panel products in the industry were canvassed to assess the current situation. Using descriptive statistics, it was discovered that the companies studied consume logs 12% in excess of the annual allowable timber harvest for the whole industry. There has been a drop in raw material availability and a 30% increase in raw material costs in the past five years. Harvest of lesser-used species in place of traditional species has also increased. Smaller companies have lost customers and are more restrained in raw material procurement. Next, barriers to the adoption of bamboo as a raw material perceived by the CEOs and institutional heads were identified. The major barriers perceived by CEOs include lack of information (e.g., on bamboo plantation management, products, processing, machines and markets) and lack of capital for investment. Institutions lack adequate information about bamboo technology and policy; they have research needs, (e.g., training, funding, laboratory equipment) and collaboration from all stakeholders. Institutions have done little to promote bamboo. Smaller companies were found to be more innovative in product development than larger companies. Companies located in the Ashanti region show higher propensity to engage in process innovation and product development. Companies appear to be receptive to initiatives that encourage bamboo adoption. In the current situation, few companies are willing to adopt bamboo but most companies are ready to adopt in the future if the existing barriers are mitigated. In the current situation, it is difficult for the industry to adopt bamboo until the government officially specifies roles for institutions and other stakeholders to make a compelling case for bamboo. Suggestions made for policymaking and change management include strategies for the creation of awareness, desire and knowledge for bamboo. Others include providing resources to enhance the ability of companies and institutions to adopt or promote bamboo, and reinforcing the change from timber to bamboo. / Ph. D.

No description available.