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Alan Berg's two musical settings of Theodor Storm's poem"Schliesse mir die Augen beide" have received little in the way of scholarly analytical attention. The three major chapters of this thesis deal with the two settings on three different levels. Chapter II surveys the political and cultural milieu in which Berg functioned as a young composer of Lieder in the years 1900-1910. Chapter III examines the special quality of lyricism which is often attributed to Berg and his works. Chapter IV provides more definitive and complete musical analyses of the two settings than have heretofore been available. The question of what role songwriting played in the development of Berg's compositional process is addressed in the conclusion.

This dissertation argues that the interpretive framework from which Fontane's Effi Briest is commonly approached limits discussion to metropolitan core culture and fails to address Fontane's path-breaking accomplishment. After outlining limitations of some prominent approaches to Effi Briest in chapter one, my next four chapters explore alternative reading strategies that instead situate the novel in the imperial context of the new German state inflected by transnational relations and problematize the tendency to see Germany as a space territorially and culturally homogenized and stable. Chapter two reads the novel through Foucault's notion of heterotopia to demonstrate Fontane's heterotopic strategies as a counter-model to the monolithic mapping of novelistic space. In chapters three and four I use Bakhtin's chronotopic strategies to show how Fontane "fuses together" fictional time and space into a productive force for depicting society in motion and change. I demonstrate how this "spatial turn" breaks with the traditional time-paradigm and opens up space for polyphony and dialogism. Chapter five discusses Fontane's Wanderungen contrapuntally to draw attention to Fontane's counter-strategies, which break with the master narrative in favor of small-scale ones, to show their relevance for Effi Briest. The rest of my dissertation focuses on the novel's Eastern Pomeranian/Kessin-based chapters. Chapter six addresses the spatial arrangement of Hinterpommern from the viewpoint of the ruling elites. Chapter seven treats Kessin as a hybridized "third space" that both resists the dominant and represents an unstable and ambiguous alternative to paralyzing dichotomies of opposites. I also look into Hinterpommern as a contested space between Germans and Poles - and their competing claims over the Kasubians, inhabitants of the strategically important Baltic area. In chapter eight I show how the Polish margins impinge on Fontane's fictional representation of Prussia and are articulated in both the content and structure of Effi Briest. In chapter nine I discuss Fontane's representation of Polish/Slavic-hyphenated characters in terms of their different responses/resistance to anti-Slav/Polish prejudices and measures. In revealing the creative and transformative powers of margins this dissertation models alternative ways of approaching canonical writers and contributes to the transnationalization of German studies in particular and cultural studies in general.

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Le double objectif de cette étude est d'examiner le rôle crucial joué par le concept de sujet dans les pensées d'Adorno et de Kierkegaard et de ressaisir les enjeux de la critique adornienne de la théorie kierkegaardienne du sujet. Pour ce faire, l'étude engage son investigation sur trois fronts. D'abord, elle s'attache à examiner la présentation kierkegaardienne de la théorie du sujet dans le Post-scriptum aux Miettes philosophiques. Ensuite, elle analyse sa critique immanente à l'intérieur de l' Habilitationsschrift d'Adorno: Kierkegaard. Construction de l'esthétique. Dans la conclusion, elle opère un retour dialectique sur les deux sections antérieures et fait voir que, si Kierkegaard et Adorno misent sur le sujet comme force de résistance face à l'oppression exercée par la totalité sociale, ils signalent l'inanité de tout volontarisme politique.

Ce mémoire explore l’utilisation du concept de «réification» comme concept critique permettant d’appréhender les pathologies propres à la modernité. Georg Lukács, élabore la première définition du concept de «réification» dans son essai «La réification et la conscience du prolétariat». Lukács y définit la réification comme ce moment où «un rapport, une relation entre personne prend le caractère d’une chose» masquant ainsi le fondement même de toute relation: les hommes eux-mêmes. Reprenant ainsi en grande partie le bagage théorique marxiste, Lukács donne un sens plus large au concept «d’aliénation» et de «fétichisme de la marchandise». Lukács développe cette définition du concept de réification à partir d’une relecture de Marx, mais une relecture fortement influencée par les travaux de Georg Simmel sur la «dépersonnalisation» inhérente au développement de l’économie marchande et ceux de Max Weber portant sur la tendance naturelle des sociétés modernes à la «rationalisation formelle». Ces auteurs décrivent de quelle manière la structure de l’échange marchand pénètre toutes les sphères de la vie humaine et a des conséquences autant objectives que subjectives, notamment dans les relations interpersonnelles. Dans un deuxième temps, ce mémoire montre comment cet héritage propre au concept de «réification» est mobilisé par Theodor W. Adorno, dans une tentative pour penser l’émancipation et de critiquer la tendance du «monde administré» à la réification. Il observe cette tendance dans le concept même de «raison» hérité des Lumières. La raison devient purement instrumentale et devient un outil de domination. La réification entraîne une déshumanisation et une plus grande froideur dans les rapports humains. Ainsi, la raison elle-même doit être mise en cause dans l’avènement de la catastrophe que représente «Auschwitz». C’est sur ces fondements théoriques qu’Adorno construit une philosophie morale soucieuse du problème de la réification en énonçant un nouvel impératif catégorique: «la non-répétition d’Auschwitz».

During World War II, the Allies not only defeated Germany; they destroyed the German army and warmaking capability. Five years after the surrender, Theodor Blank received the responsibility for planning the rearmament of West Germany starting from nothing. Although Konrad Adenauer was the driving force behind rearmament, Theodor Blank was the instrument who pushed it through Allied negotiations and parliamentary acceptance. Heretofore, Blank's role has been told only in part; new materials and the ability now to see events in a clearer perspective warrant a new study of Blank's role in the German rearmament process. Sources for this dissertation include: Documents on Foreign Relations of the United States; memoirs, among them those of Konrad Adenauer, Georges Bidault, Lucius Clay, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Anthony Eden, Ivone Kirkpatrick, Harold MacMillan, Kirill Meretskov, Jules Moch, Sergei Shternenko, Hans Speidel, Harry S. Truman, Alexander Vasilevsky, and Georgiy Zhukov; contemporary reports from newspapers, among them the Times (London), New York Times, Le Monde, Pravda, Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung, Suddeutsche Zeitung, and Das Parlement; Parliamentary Debates; official records; and interviews. Rearmament involved the interrelationship of vast, diverse interests: the conflict between East and West, national and international fears, domestic problems, and the interplay of leading personalities. When the Amt Blank, the planning organization, became functional on 1 December 1950, it consisted of nineteen people; in 1955, when it became the Defense Ministry with Theodor Blank the Defense Minister, it had a staff of one thousand. Cast in the milieu of the Allied negotiations on West German rearmament, this dissertation chronologically focuses on the role that Blank and the Amt Blank personnel played in the planning, negotiations, and domestic issues related to rearmament. Blank's diplomatic skills and managerial ability were key factors in transforming West Germany from a conquered area to a sovereign state, a member of NATO with approval for its own armed force, within a five-year period.

Este trabalho examina os testes psicológicos, especialmente em sua relação com a educação, à luz da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, tanto a partir de seus conceitos internos como das condições sociais e históricas que possibilitaram sua criação. Duas análises são fundamentais, ambas baseadas em Horkheimer e Adorno: primeiro, a da contradição histórica do movimento da razão ocidental, examinada a partir da Dialética do Esclarecimento; segundo, do emprego de métodos estatísticos e tipológicos em pesquisas nas ciências humanas. Como resultado da reflexão, concluiu-se que o conflito entre métodos quantitativos e qualitativos na psicologia mostra-se falso, pois servem para fins diferentes. A "naturalização", a tipologização e a indiferenciação do homem no mundo moderno não devem ser atribuídas aos testes psicológicos. Estes carregam em si a contradição do esclarecimento, de servir à humanidade e ao mesmo tempo à sua barbarização. Apresentam-se nesta dissertação, ainda, alguns autores críticos aos testes e, como ilustração, uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os testes em dois periódicos brasileiros educacionais e dois psicológicos. Verificou-se que os testes são empregados e criticados predominantemente aderidos a seus aspectos regressivos, sem que se pudesse pensar sua transcendência, apesar das mudanças observadas na psicometria atual. / This work examines psychological tests, especially in their relation with education, from the Critical Theory of Society standpoint, considering their internal concepts as well as historic conditions that allowed their creation. Two analysis are fundamentals, both based on Horkheimer and Adorno: first, the historical contradictions of the western ratio movement, examined from the Dialectic of the Enlightenment; second, the employment of statistical and typological methods on research. As a result, it was concluded that the conflict between quantitative and qualitative methods is shown equivocated since they serve different purposes. Man´s "naturalization", typologization and indiferenciation in the modern world cannot be attributed to psychological tests. These ones carry within themselves the contradiction of the enlightenment, of serving the humanity and at the same time its barbarization. It is still presented in this thesis some critical authors to the tests, and as illustration, a bibliographic research about tests obtained from two educational Brazilian journals and two psychological ones. It was verified that tests are employed and criticized mainly linked to their regressive aspects without possibilities of thinking their transcendence, despite changes observed in present psychometry.