Introdução: A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Entretanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre quais fatores disponíveis na fase de avaliação para uma psicoterapia psicanalítica são indicadores de melhor aliança entre terapeuta e paciente. Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e a aliança terapêutica, na percepção do paciente. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança terapêutica em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta ou quinta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica e foram avaliados pela escala Calpas – P. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que pacientes do sexo masculino tiverem média (6.44) significativamente menor (p=0.036) a das mulheres (6.66) na escala de avaliação e percepção do trabalho do terapeuta. Encontrou também que quanto maior a intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo menor a percepção de aliança na escala de comprometimento com o processo de psicoterapia (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que, no início da psicoterapia, gênero e severidade dos sintomas interferem na percepção da aliança terapêutica. Identificou-se que os pacientes homens percebem, em media, menor aliança na dimensão que se refere à compreensão e ao envolvimento do psicoterapeuta, independente do sexo deste. Isso indica, possivelmente, que homens tendem a considerar seus terapeutas com menor capacidade de entender seu ponto de vista e sofrimento, demonstrar aceitação sem julgamentos, dirigir-se ao ponto central de dificuldade, intervir com tato e no tempo certo, e mostrar real compromisso em ajudar e vencer os problemas. Pacientes com sintomas de psicoticismo mais severos apresentaram menor aliança na dimensão que avalia esforço do paciente em empreender uma mudança, boa vontade em fazer sacrifícios em relação ao tempo e ao dinheiro; visão da terapia como uma experiência importante; confiança na terapia e no terapeuta; participação na terapia, apesar de momentos de sofrimento; e compromisso de completar o processo terapêutico. Devido à complexidade do conceito de aliança terapêutica, mais pesquisas são necessárias, a fim de reforçar e demonstrar a influência de variáveis objetivas em seu desenvolvimento (fatores do paciente, do terapeuta e da interação da dupla). Os achados agregam importância à preparação técnica dos terapeutas, para poderem desenvolver melhores alianças com esse tipo de paciente, propiciando maior aderência ao tratamento. / Introduction: The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. However, little has been investigated about which factors available at the evaluation stage for psychoanalytic psychotherapy are indicators of a better alliance between therapist and patient. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the therapeutic alliance in the patient's perception. Method: This work consists of a crosssectional study that evaluated the quality of the therapeutic alliance in adult patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was made up of 118 patients who had at least four or five sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and were evaluated using the Calpas – P scale. Results: The study showed that male patients have average (6.44) significantly lower (p=0.036) than women (6.66) in the scale of evaluation scale and perception of the therapist‟s work. He also find that the intensity of the symptoms of psychoticism present lesser alliance in the scale of commitment with the psychotherapy process (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that, at beginning of psychotherapy, gender and severity of the patient‟s symptoms interfere with the perception of therapeutic alliance. It was identified that male patient‟s are, on average, worse at perceiving the alliance in the dimension that refers to therapist understanding and involvement regardless of gender this. This indicate, perhaps, that men tend to consider their therapists with less capacity to understand their point of view and suffering, show acceptance without judgment, address the key point of difficulty, intervene tactfully and timely and show commitment to helping and overcome the problems. Patients with more severe symptoms of psychoticism had lower alliance in the dimension that assess patient‟s effort in undertaking change, willingness to make sacrifices regarding time and money; having a vision of therapy as an important experience; confidence in therapy and in the therapist; engagement in therapy, despite moments of suffering; commitment to completing the therapeutic process. The alliance is a complex concept. This is why more research is necessary in order to reinforce and show the influence of objective variables on its development. Factors related to patient, therapist, and the interaction of the duo are worthy of attention. The findings add to the importance of therapists' technical preparation, so as to enable them to develop better alliances with this type of patient, thus allowing for a better adherence to treatment.

Introdução: A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Entretanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre quais fatores disponíveis na fase de avaliação para uma psicoterapia psicanalítica são indicadores de melhor aliança entre terapeuta e paciente. Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e a aliança terapêutica, na percepção do paciente. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança terapêutica em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta ou quinta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica e foram avaliados pela escala Calpas – P. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que pacientes do sexo masculino tiverem média (6.44) significativamente menor (p=0.036) a das mulheres (6.66) na escala de avaliação e percepção do trabalho do terapeuta. Encontrou também que quanto maior a intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo menor a percepção de aliança na escala de comprometimento com o processo de psicoterapia (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que, no início da psicoterapia, gênero e severidade dos sintomas interferem na percepção da aliança terapêutica. Identificou-se que os pacientes homens percebem, em media, menor aliança na dimensão que se refere à compreensão e ao envolvimento do psicoterapeuta, independente do sexo deste. Isso indica, possivelmente, que homens tendem a considerar seus terapeutas com menor capacidade de entender seu ponto de vista e sofrimento, demonstrar aceitação sem julgamentos, dirigir-se ao ponto central de dificuldade, intervir com tato e no tempo certo, e mostrar real compromisso em ajudar e vencer os problemas. Pacientes com sintomas de psicoticismo mais severos apresentaram menor aliança na dimensão que avalia esforço do paciente em empreender uma mudança, boa vontade em fazer sacrifícios em relação ao tempo e ao dinheiro; visão da terapia como uma experiência importante; confiança na terapia e no terapeuta; participação na terapia, apesar de momentos de sofrimento; e compromisso de completar o processo terapêutico. Devido à complexidade do conceito de aliança terapêutica, mais pesquisas são necessárias, a fim de reforçar e demonstrar a influência de variáveis objetivas em seu desenvolvimento (fatores do paciente, do terapeuta e da interação da dupla). Os achados agregam importância à preparação técnica dos terapeutas, para poderem desenvolver melhores alianças com esse tipo de paciente, propiciando maior aderência ao tratamento. / Introduction: The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. However, little has been investigated about which factors available at the evaluation stage for psychoanalytic psychotherapy are indicators of a better alliance between therapist and patient. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the therapeutic alliance in the patient's perception. Method: This work consists of a crosssectional study that evaluated the quality of the therapeutic alliance in adult patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was made up of 118 patients who had at least four or five sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and were evaluated using the Calpas – P scale. Results: The study showed that male patients have average (6.44) significantly lower (p=0.036) than women (6.66) in the scale of evaluation scale and perception of the therapist‟s work. He also find that the intensity of the symptoms of psychoticism present lesser alliance in the scale of commitment with the psychotherapy process (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that, at beginning of psychotherapy, gender and severity of the patient‟s symptoms interfere with the perception of therapeutic alliance. It was identified that male patient‟s are, on average, worse at perceiving the alliance in the dimension that refers to therapist understanding and involvement regardless of gender this. This indicate, perhaps, that men tend to consider their therapists with less capacity to understand their point of view and suffering, show acceptance without judgment, address the key point of difficulty, intervene tactfully and timely and show commitment to helping and overcome the problems. Patients with more severe symptoms of psychoticism had lower alliance in the dimension that assess patient‟s effort in undertaking change, willingness to make sacrifices regarding time and money; having a vision of therapy as an important experience; confidence in therapy and in the therapist; engagement in therapy, despite moments of suffering; commitment to completing the therapeutic process. The alliance is a complex concept. This is why more research is necessary in order to reinforce and show the influence of objective variables on its development. Factors related to patient, therapist, and the interaction of the duo are worthy of attention. The findings add to the importance of therapists' technical preparation, so as to enable them to develop better alliances with this type of patient, thus allowing for a better adherence to treatment.

Introdução: A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Entretanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre quais fatores disponíveis na fase de avaliação para uma psicoterapia psicanalítica são indicadores de melhor aliança entre terapeuta e paciente. Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e a aliança terapêutica, na percepção do paciente. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança terapêutica em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta ou quinta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica e foram avaliados pela escala Calpas – P. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que pacientes do sexo masculino tiverem média (6.44) significativamente menor (p=0.036) a das mulheres (6.66) na escala de avaliação e percepção do trabalho do terapeuta. Encontrou também que quanto maior a intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo menor a percepção de aliança na escala de comprometimento com o processo de psicoterapia (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que, no início da psicoterapia, gênero e severidade dos sintomas interferem na percepção da aliança terapêutica. Identificou-se que os pacientes homens percebem, em media, menor aliança na dimensão que se refere à compreensão e ao envolvimento do psicoterapeuta, independente do sexo deste. Isso indica, possivelmente, que homens tendem a considerar seus terapeutas com menor capacidade de entender seu ponto de vista e sofrimento, demonstrar aceitação sem julgamentos, dirigir-se ao ponto central de dificuldade, intervir com tato e no tempo certo, e mostrar real compromisso em ajudar e vencer os problemas. Pacientes com sintomas de psicoticismo mais severos apresentaram menor aliança na dimensão que avalia esforço do paciente em empreender uma mudança, boa vontade em fazer sacrifícios em relação ao tempo e ao dinheiro; visão da terapia como uma experiência importante; confiança na terapia e no terapeuta; participação na terapia, apesar de momentos de sofrimento; e compromisso de completar o processo terapêutico. Devido à complexidade do conceito de aliança terapêutica, mais pesquisas são necessárias, a fim de reforçar e demonstrar a influência de variáveis objetivas em seu desenvolvimento (fatores do paciente, do terapeuta e da interação da dupla). Os achados agregam importância à preparação técnica dos terapeutas, para poderem desenvolver melhores alianças com esse tipo de paciente, propiciando maior aderência ao tratamento. / Introduction: The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. However, little has been investigated about which factors available at the evaluation stage for psychoanalytic psychotherapy are indicators of a better alliance between therapist and patient. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the therapeutic alliance in the patient's perception. Method: This work consists of a crosssectional study that evaluated the quality of the therapeutic alliance in adult patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was made up of 118 patients who had at least four or five sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and were evaluated using the Calpas – P scale. Results: The study showed that male patients have average (6.44) significantly lower (p=0.036) than women (6.66) in the scale of evaluation scale and perception of the therapist‟s work. He also find that the intensity of the symptoms of psychoticism present lesser alliance in the scale of commitment with the psychotherapy process (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that, at beginning of psychotherapy, gender and severity of the patient‟s symptoms interfere with the perception of therapeutic alliance. It was identified that male patient‟s are, on average, worse at perceiving the alliance in the dimension that refers to therapist understanding and involvement regardless of gender this. This indicate, perhaps, that men tend to consider their therapists with less capacity to understand their point of view and suffering, show acceptance without judgment, address the key point of difficulty, intervene tactfully and timely and show commitment to helping and overcome the problems. Patients with more severe symptoms of psychoticism had lower alliance in the dimension that assess patient‟s effort in undertaking change, willingness to make sacrifices regarding time and money; having a vision of therapy as an important experience; confidence in therapy and in the therapist; engagement in therapy, despite moments of suffering; commitment to completing the therapeutic process. The alliance is a complex concept. This is why more research is necessary in order to reinforce and show the influence of objective variables on its development. Factors related to patient, therapist, and the interaction of the duo are worthy of attention. The findings add to the importance of therapists' technical preparation, so as to enable them to develop better alliances with this type of patient, thus allowing for a better adherence to treatment.

No description available.

Figley’s (1995; 2002a) model of compassion stress/fatigue was used as a reference-point to re-examine the role of therapist/counsellor empathy in predicting therapist/counsellor compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS). The therapeutic alliance was also examined as a predictor of therapist/counsellor CF and CS. Participants included 146 female-identifying Canadian therapists/counsellors, aged 24-73 years. The Empathy Assessment Index (EAI), a social cognitive neuroscience-based empathy scale, gauged therapist/counsellor empathy; and the Working Alliance Inventory – Short therapist version (WAI-S) gauged therapist/counsellor perceptions of the strength of the therapeutic alliance. The Professional Quality of Life scale – Fifth edition (ProQOL-V) was the outcome measure for therapist/counsellor CF and CS. Contrary to Figley’s model, partial least squares path analyses determined that therapist/counsellor empathy was a significant inverse predictor of therapist/counsellor CF (R2 = .40 for total empathy-based CF model) and a significant positive predictor of therapist/counsellor CS (R2 = .16 for total empathy-based CS model). The therapeutic alliance likewise proved to be a significant inverse predictor of therapist/counsellor CF (R2 = .37 for total therapeutic alliance-based CF model) and a significant positive predictor of therapist/counsellor CS (R2 = .29 for total therapeutic alliance-based CS model). Personal Characteristics including age and years of clinical experience, and Workplace/Organizational factors including supervision and peer support, and percentage of non-distressing clients on therapist/counsellor caseloads, predicted less risk for therapist/counsellor CF and greater likelihood for therapist/counsellor CS. Additional analyses revealed that the therapeutic bond was equivalent to empathy in predicting therapist/counsellor CF, and stronger than empathy in predicting therapist/counsellor CS. / Graduate

Although the therapeutic alliance is known to be a principal therapeutic factor, little attention has focused on therapists’ perspectives on the impact of the first session on the development of the therapeutic alliance. The present study is a qualitative exploration of interviews with ten therapists regarding the first session and their efforts to establish a therapeutic alliance with their new clients. The data were analyzed using Clara Hill’s Consensual Qualitative Research paradigm (CQR). In considering Bordin’s (1979) three components of the alliance (tasks, goals, bond), therapists viewed the bond as the most influential contributor to the development of the alliance in the first session. The therapists emphasized being attuned to the client, being honest and open, generating curiosity, gently challenging, and setting the frame and expectations for therapy as important actions to take when working to establish an alliance in the first session. The findings from this study contribute to the literature on the therapeutic alliance, with particular attention to strategies for facilitating alliance development from the outset of therapy.

Almost half of those who start therapy drop out early (Thalmayer, 2018). When therapists work to improve the therapeutic alliance, clients are more likely to stay in treatment and chances of recovery improve (D'Aniello et al., 2018; Escudero & Friedlander, 2017). However, the existing research comes almost entirely from client self-reports of the alliance. Little research has examined what occurs during the session. There has been no research to determine what specific therapeutic alliance behaviors are related to early termination. The current naturalistic study sought to discover if behaviors that strengthen or diminish the therapeutic alliance are related to early termination in therapy. Master's Students coded videos from thirty couples (fifteen matched pairs) who received therapy at the Brigham Young University Comprehensive Clinic (BYUCC) using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA-o). Four dimensions of the therapeutic alliance were examined: engagement in the therapeutic process, emotional connection to the therapist, safety within the therapeutic system, and shared sense of purpose within the family. Results from a one-sided t-test showed that the emotional connection was significant for both male and female partners and the therapist, as was the male partner's sense of safety and the shared sense of purpose. Several individual behaviors were also significant. Understanding which behavioral indicators of the alliance are associated with dropout may help therapists identify couples at risk of dropout and intervene to prevent early termination. Implications and limitations will be discussed.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate predictors of therapeutic alliance among a sample of 46 adults with substance misuse who were convicted of felony offenses and court-mandated to attend substance use treatment as part of their probation requirements. For this study, I purposed four hypotheses: (1) older participants will report a stronger therapeutic alliance with their therapist. (2) women will form a stronger therapeutic alliance with their therapist than men, (3) higher levels of distress will be associated with lower therapeutic alliance, and (4) people with more extensive criminal and substance use histories to have poorer therapeutic alliance. Data was collected quantitatively, utilizing a questionnaire method. Bivariate correlations were run on all study variables, as well as a multiple linear regression model. Results of this study found that older participants and number of months incarcerated predicted weaker therapeutic alliance. No statistically significant findings were found in relation to the DASS-21 or gender.

This study examined the association between the therapeutic alliance and psychotherapy outcomes in 350 children and adolescents receiving outpatient therapy at a community mental health clinic. Therapeutic alliance and psychosocial distress were measured at intake 3 week, 2 month, 4 month and 6 month intervals. Participants aged 12 and older completed self report versions of the outcome and alliance measures and the parents of participants aged 4-17 completed the outcome measure. Therapists completed alliance measures for each participant. Analyses examined the relation between youth-rated therapeutic alliance and psychotherapy outcomes, premature termination, problem type, age of client, and clinician-rated alliance. Results indicated that early therapeutic alliance ratings were not related to premature termination from therapy. With the exception of the 3-week time point problem type was not found to be related to the formation of the alliance. A relationship between age of the client and the formation of a therapeutic alliance was true at the 6 month time point indicating that the therapists rated their relationships with youth under 12 years old more favorably than youth over 13 years old. Finally, the therapist's ratings of the alliance were not correlated with psychotherapy outcome. These findings indicate that associations between therapeutic alliance and psychotherapy outcomes may be less pronounced in youth treatment than in adult treatment.

With the lack of adequate mental health care in racial minority communities (NAMI, 2021), more research is needed for clinicians to understand the racial minority client experience. This study aimed to explore the racial minority client's perception of safety during therapy. The MFT- PRN was utilized in order to assess safety for racial minority clients at the start of therapy and later on as the alliance changes. The study hypothesized that racial minority clients would initially report a lower feeling of safety in therapy and would show lower feelings of safety after four sessions of therapy when compared to demographic majorities. Using t-tests and regressions from data from 587 participants, 470 White and 187 racial minorities, it was found that initial safety did predict future safety and that later safety in racial minorities was lower than in Whites, though initial safety was similar in both groups.