The doctoral thesis focuses on problem of stability of steel thin-walled beams with lateral and torsional restraints along the spans. Theoretical background of lateral-torsional buckling of an ideal beam with and without restraints preventing out-of-plane buckling is briefly described. In the following chapters the problem of stabilization of steel thin-walled beams by planar members is dealt with. The state of the art in this field is summarized and some open questions are identified. The research in this field could bring new findings about actual behavior of these structural systems. The rate of stabilization can be quantified using values of shear and rotational stiffness provided to a thin-walled member by a planar member. In the frame of the thesis the problem of torsional restraint given to steel cold-formed members by sandwich panels under load is discussed. In case of the uplift load applied on the sandwich panels the torsional restraint should be verified by experimental analysis. To contribute to this field, experimental verification of rotational stiffness provided to steel cold-formed beams by sandwich panels was proposed and performed. Torsional restraint under no external load as well as under uplift load applied on the panels was investigated. The purpose was to obtain the values of the rotational stiffness provided by planar members. The performed tests indicate significant and practically applicable rate of the torsional restraint even in case of the uplift load on the surfaces of the panels. Utilization of the values of the rotational stiffness might result in more economical, effective and reliable structural design. Selected problems were investigated using numerical modeling in a finite element method based software.

Schalentragwerke werden derzeit häufig aus Stahl oder Holz gebaut, dagegen findet Beton aus diversen Gründen selten Verwendung. Dies liegt unter anderem an der aufwändigen und daher kostenintensiven Schalungsherstellung [1], [2]. Werden Schalen mit einer Regelflächengeometrie entworfen, kann die Anwendung von Beton wieder wirtschaftlich sein. Regelflächen werden aus Geraden erzeugt und weisen dennoch eine doppelte Krümmung auf. Dadurch kann die Schalung aus geradlinigen Elementen (z. B. Holzbrettern) oder für eine höhere Präzision mit einer Heißdrahtschneidemaschine hergestellt werden. Somit lässt sich das effiziente Tragverhalten doppelt gekrümmter Schalen mit einer vergleichsweise einfachen Herstellung vereinen [3], [4]. [Aus: Einführung] / These days, shell structures are generally made of steel or wood, whereas concrete is rarely used. One reason for this is the complex and therefore cost-intensive production of formwork [1], [2]. However, with the use of ruled surface geometries, the use of concrete can once again become economical. Ruled surfaces are created from straight lines and still can have a double curvature. This allows the formwork to be made from straight elements (e.g. wooden boards) or for greater precision, with a hot wire cutting machine. Thus, the effcient load-bearing behaviour of doubly curved shells can be combined with a comparatively simple production process [3], [4]. [Off: Introduction]

Zielstellung des Forschungsprojektes war die Entwicklung eines montagefertigen Verbundsystems aus vorgefertigten Elementen, Verankerungen und Unterkonstruktion zur Umsetzung nachhaltiger Fassadenlösungen. Dabei wurde ein neuer mineralischer Materialverbund mit textiler Verstärkung eingesetzt, der die Fertigung extrem dünnwandiger 3D-geformter Elemente mit hoher Passgenauigkeit gestattet. Das somit eröffnete sehr große Leichtbaupotential geht mit einer starken Gewichtsreduktion einher und ermöglicht damit erhebliche Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparungen. ... / The aim of the research project was the development of an assembly working system consisting of careful elements, anchors and substructure for the development of leading facade solutions. Has become a new mineral composite material with a textile ef ect, which allows the production of extremely narrow-walled 3D high-performance elements with a high degree of accuracy. This means that there is a very great potential for lightweight construction, with a strong weight reduction and thus enables what it is to do. ...

Thin-walled cold-formed steel (CFS) has exhibited inherent structural and architectural advantages over other constructional materials, for example, high strength-to-weight ratio, ease of fabrication, economy in transportation and the flexibility of sectional profiles, which make CFS ideal for modern residential and industrial buildings. They have been increasingly used as purlins as the intermediate members in a roof system, or load-bearing components in low- and mid-rise buildings. However, using CFS members in building structures has been facing challenges due to the lack of knowledge to the fire performance of CFS at elevated temperatures and the lack of fire design guidelines. Among all available design specifications of CFS, EN1993-1-2 is the only one which provided design guidelines for CFS at elevated temperatures, which, however, is based on the same theory and material properties of hot-rolled steel. Since the material properties of CFS are found to be considerably different from those of hot-rolled steel, the applicability of hot-rolled steel design guidelines into CFS needs to be verified. Besides, the effect of non-uniform temperature distribution on the failure of CFS members is not properly addressed in literature and has not been specified in the existing design guidelines. Therefore, a better understanding of fire performance of CFS members is of great significance to further explore the potential application of CFS. Since CFS members are always with thin thickness (normally from 0.9 to 8 mm), open cross-section, and great flexural rigidity about one axis at the expense of low flexural rigidity about a perpendicular axis, the members are usually susceptible to various buckling modes which often govern the ultimate failure of CFS members. When CFS members are exposed to a fire, not only the reduced mechanical properties will influence the buckling capacity of CFS members, but also the thermal strains which can lead additional stresses in loaded members. The buckling behaviour of the member can be analysed based on uniformly reduced material properties when the member is unprotected or uniformly protected surrounded by a fire that the temperature distribution within the member is uniform. However if the temperature distribution in a member is not uniform, which usually happens in walls and/or roof panels when CFS members are protected by plaster boards and exposed to fire on one side, the analysis of the member becomes very complicated since the mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus and yield strength and thermal strains vary within the member. This project has the aim of providing better understanding of the buckling performance of CFS channel members under non-uniform temperatures. The primary objective is to investigate the fire performance of plasterboard protected CFS members exposed to fire on one side, in the aspects of pre-buckling stress distribution, elastic buckling behaviour and nonlinear failure models. Heat transfer analyses of one-side protected CFS members have been conducted firstly to investigate the temperature distributions within the cross-section, which have been applied to the analytical study for the prediction of flexural buckling loads of CFS columns at elevated temperatures. A simplified numerical method based on the second order elastic – plastic analysis has also been proposed for the calculation of the flexural buckling load of CFS columns under non-uniform temperature distributions. The effects of temperature distributions and stress-strain relationships on the flexure buckling of CFS columns are discussed. Afterwards a modified finite strip method combined with the classical Fourier series solutions have been presented to investigate the elastic buckling behaviour of CFS members at elevated temperatures, in which the effects of temperatures on both strain and mechanical properties have been considered. The variations of the elastic buckling loads/moments, buckling modes and slenderness of CFS columns/beams with increasing temperatures have been examined. The finite element method is also used to carry out the failure analysis of one-side protected beams at elevated temperatures. The effects of geometric imperfection, stress-strain relationships and temperature distributions on the ultimate moment capacities of CFS beams under uniform and non-uniform temperature distributions are examined. At the end the direct strength method based design methods have been discussed and corresponding recommendations for the designing of CFS beams at elevated temperatures are presented. This thesis has contributed to improve the knowledge of the buckling and failure behaviour of CFS members at elevated temperatures, and the essential data provided in the numerical studies has laid the foundation for further design-oriented studies.

Le but final de cette thèse est la proposition dune technique de résolution du problème du sixième degré de liberté des méthodes de bandes finies et déléments finis de plaque et de coque surbaissée déformable en cisaillement (le problème de rotation dans le plan) et de lappliquer dans la formulation des bandes finies et des éléments finis afin danalyser le comportement des structures à parois minces. Tout dabord, le présent travail introduit les caractéristiques des profils à parois minces tels que formes de la section, nuances dacier et imperfections initiales de type géométrique (défaut de rectitude, de planéité), structural (contraintes résiduelles) ou matériel (écrouissage). Ceux-ci sont nécessaires aux analyses ultérieures. Ensuite, une étude bibliographique aborde les méthodes de calcul des barres à parois minces tant analytiques que semi-empiriques ou numériques. Les méthodes analytiques ont été basées sur les théories de VLASOV et de BENSCOTER et une méthode intitulée Generalized Beam Theory développée par SCHARDT avec ses collègues depuis le début des années 1970 en Allemagne. Les méthodes semi-empiriques tiennent compte de linfluence du voilement sur le comportement global par le concept de largeur et de section effectives. Les méthodes numériques sont la méthode des éléments finis de type plaque, de type coque et la méthode des bandes finies. Puis, une technique originale est proposée avec succès pour introduire dans les relations standard déformation-déplacement des théories des plaques et des coques surbaissées, la rotation dans le plan pour assurer la conformité des variables nodales rotatives aux jonctions spatiales. Lapplication de cette technique sert à mettre au point les bandes finies et les éléments finis de type plaque et coque surbaissée. Il est proposé un programme déléments finis, nommé FENALYSE, qui est capable danalyser la linéarité, la non-linéarité et le flambement des structures à parois minces qui sont composées ou peuvent être modélisées par plaques planes et coques surbaissées. Tandis que les bandes finies ne sont développées que pour calculer le flambement des profils à parois minces qui sont simplement appuyés et un programme intitulé FLAMBANDE est proposé. Les verrouillages de cisaillement et de membrane sont éliminés par la technique dintégration réduite. La description lagrangienne actualisée est utilisée dans lanalyse non-linéaire. Les éléments finis de type plaque et de type coque surbaissée permettent de considérer, entre autre, les phénomènes inhérents aux profils à parois minces tels que la torsion non uniforme avec gauchissement, la distorsion de la section, les phénomènes dinstabilité couplées, la plasticité, les contraintes résiduelles, les imperfections locales et globales, le changement de la limite délasticité sur la section. Plusieurs exemples numériques tant académiques que pratiques sont réalisés afin de montrer la fiabilité de ces éléments finis.

Although it offers a wide variety of interesting properties such as fire resistance or durability, stainless steel has been used in limited amount in structures. It is a known fact that the design rules don't properly account for the additional benefits of stainless steel properties and are largely based on the specifications for carbon steel. Indeed, a number of similarities exist between stainless steel and ordinary carbon steel but there is sufficient differences to afford a specific treatment in design standards. And since stainless steel is an expensive material, it is important to accurately predict the resistance of structural members. The present research work is dedicated to the study of cold-formed stainless steel profiles. It actually follows the life of a stainless steel construction element and falls on three fundamental topics: the material behavior, the through-thickness residual stress distribution and mechanical enhancement due to the cold-forming process and, last, the strength of concentrically compressed thin-walled columns. Firstly, several constitutive models are characterized such as Teodosiu-Hu's micro-structural based hardening model, capable of predicting the behavior of the studied stainless steel grade submitted to biaxial loading causing plastic strain. This model accounts for the nonlinear hardening behavior, the anisotropy, the Bauschinger effect and more complex behavior such as the observed work-hardening stagnation under reversed deformation at large strains. For this purpose, a collection of tests is carried out including multiaxial tests such as tensile-shear tests and successive simple shear tests and plane-strain tests. Secondly, the effects of the forming process on the mechanical properties are studied. To begin with, on the basis of the constitutive models developed previously, an analytical method that calculates the biaxial residual stress distribution in the walls and in the corners of cold-formed profiles is established. Based on the conclusions drawn from this theoretical analysis, a new formula for the evaluation of the actual mechanical properties is established. This formula is not restricted to a single alloy or type of cross-section. Current design standards are then used to calculate the strength of lipped-channel section columns failing by combined distortional and overall flexural-torsional buckling and the results are compared to tests. Indeed, full-scale tests on cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel section columns were achieved in the Structures Laboratory of the University of Liège. And, once verified against the test results, finite element models were used to generate additional results when necessary. The author then presents a new Direct Strength Method taking into account this phenomenon. Finally, a wide amount of reference results are gathered from the literature, without limiting oneself to any kind of cross-section or stainless steel grade. This database is used to propose an improved formulation for the design of stainless steel thin-walled section columns failing by distortion, local or combination of local and overall buckling in the low slenderness range.

The aim of this thesis is to find the best option of the building technology for a house. The thesis is divided into two sections – theoretical and practical. The theoretical section consists of three parts. The first part deals with theory of costs and pricing. Second part specifies types of the budgeting used in Czech Republic and the last part is focused on description of the selected construction systems used for building a house. Second section deals with description and the layout of the house, for which three budgets are set with a respect to the used option of the construction system. Furthermore, a comparison of the technical parameters as well as the costs analysis according to the TSKP is made. Finally, the optimal variant is selected with respect to the price and technical properties.

Since aircrafts manufacturers intend to produce low consumption and efficient aircrafts, parts become more and more difficult to machine. Some processes like „air machining“ enables a one-step production for complex aluminium alloy shaped parts. Although the assembly offers a large access to cutting tool, the lack of stiffness for large parts, and especially for thin-walled aeronautics parts implies strong vibrations during machining. The aim of the study is to solve these difficulties in order to keep productivity and improve surface quality. Further innovative solutions are considered like modal analysis, in-phase machining, spindle speed variation, 3 flutes end mill and variable helix angle mill. All propositions are tested on DMG 65 machine tool with Siemens 840D controller. Although vibrations are intrinsic to flexible parts, surface quality has been improved with higher cutting continuity and variable helix angle cutting tool.

Dieser Vortrag beschreibt ein methodisches Vorgehen zur Auslegung von Bauteilen, die von mehreren Eingangsgrößen und mehren Zielgrößen bestimmt sind. Als Praxisbeispiel wird eine dünnwandige Mittnehmerwelle untersucht. Im Automotivbereich besteht auf Grund der Forderungen nach Leichtbau und höherem Leistungsgewicht verstärkt der Wunsch nach einer hohen Auslastung über das ganze Bauteil hinweg. Eine Gewichtsreduktion kann durch Materialeinsparungen an unkritischen Stellen, wie zum Beispiel im Wellenkern einer Zahnwelle, erreicht werden. Die Verwendung von dünnwandigen Rohren als Ausgangsmaterial, aus denen lastangepasste Zahnprofile umformend hergestellt werden, versprechen eine deutliche Steigerung der Drehmomentübertragbarkeit bezogen auf den Materialeinsatz. Dazu wird eine neue Verzahnungsgeometrie entwickelt. Das Profil wird über eine Vielzahl an Parametern definiert, welche die Form und damit die Drehmomentübertragbarkeit beeinflussen. Durch die Verwendung einer bidirektionalen Schnittstelle kann eine Zahn-Geometrie in einem CAD-Programm mit einem FEM-Programm gekoppelt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass sich einige Geometrieparameter bereits durch die Wahl des Ausgangsrohres ergeben oder vorab festgelegt werden können. Mit vorgegebenem Außendurchmesser und Wandstärke des Ausgangsrohres sowie der Zähnezahl verbleiben bei dieser Profilform nur weitere fünf Parameter, welche hinsichtlich der Drehmomentübertragbarkeit zu optimieren sind. Mit Hilfe von numerischen Variantenberechnungen, welche sich nach den Vorgaben eines statistischen Versuchsplanes / Design of Experiments durch Veränderung der Parameter ergeben, kann ein mathematisches Ersatzmodell gebildet werden. Dieses beschreibt die (Wechsel-)Wirkungen der Eingangsgrößen auf die Ausgangsgrößen, wie zum Beispiel der Einfluss des Fußkreisdurchmessers und des Eingriffswinkels auf die dynamische Beanspruchbarkeit. Mit Hilfe von Optimierungsalgorithmen kann ein Optimum der Parameter an Hand des Ersatzmodelles ohne erneute aufwändige FEM-Berechnung gefunden werden.

Работа посвящена разработке нового технического решения узла крепления подкрановых балок к ригелю покрытия рамы здания из ЛСТК (легких стальных тонкостенных конструкций), а также изучению его работы под нагрузкой. В результате исследования разработаны рабочие чертежи узла крепления и инженерный метод расчета данного узла, что позволяет расширить область применения каркасов из ЛСТК для строительства однопролетных зданий с подвесными кранами грузоподъемностью до 2-3 тс. В рамках настоящего исследования разработана расчетная пространственная модель здания в ПК ЛИРА-САПР 2016, произведен статический расчет по расчетным сочетаниям усилий. На основании результатов расчета методом конечных элементов определены максимальные действующие усилия, возникающие в несущих конструкциях. / Present work is devoted to the development of a new technical solution for the attachment joint of crane beams to the girder of the building frame covering made of LSTWS (Light steel thin-walled structures), as well as the study of its operation under load. As a result of the study, working drawings of the attachment joint and an engineering method for calculating this unit were developed, which makes it possible to expand the scope of application of frames from LSTWS for the construction of single-span buildings with overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 2-3 t. Within the framework of this study, a computational spatial model of the building was developed in the FEA software LIRA-SAPR 2016. Static calculation was performed based on the design combinations of efforts. Based on the results of the calculation by the finite element method (FEM), the maximum acting forces arising in the supporting structures are determined.