No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The present study is a part of a long-time cooperative study of the Home Economics Department of the North Texas State Teachers College, begun in 1940. The purpose is to compare the dark adaptations of second and third-grade children made in 1940 with those made of the same children in 1941 and in 1942. Also included in this study is the comparison of a group of freshmen college men made in 1940 with a group of twenty-five men made in 1942. An attempt is also made to determine whether an individual has higher dark adaptation on sunshiny days than on cloudy days.

This study was made in an effort to find out some of the causes of maladjustment and to determine what effect the maladjustments play in general achievement of school work in a third grade.

This study is concerned primarily with comparisons in subject matter achievement between the pupils in the small rural schools and the pupils in the city schools.

No description available.

The specific purposes of the study were (1) to determine the effectiveness of ECRI (Exemplary Center for Reading Instruction), as compared to "traditional" (basal driven) classroom instruction based on a comparative analysis of norm-referenced test data; (2) to determine if there was a significant difference between Blacks, Hispanics and Caucasians on the Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension portions of the Iowa Test of Basic Skills among the third grade ECRI students; and (3) to provide valid information for those charged with the implementation of reading instruction in the Dallas Independent School District, Dallas, Texas.

112 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the influence of so called "genetic method of initial reading learning" for further readership of children in the third class of elementary school. The aim of this thesis is to compare children's results in individual monitored elements at both children taught earlier by so called "analytic-synthetic method" and those taught by the "genetic method" monitoring the impact of both methods on these results. The data obtained has been linked with the effects brought by individual teachers. Subsequently, proposals for each of the monitored classes were presented to optimize the reading skills development. The theoretical part contains the topics that are closely related to children's reading skills development. The practice part is based on the research leading to the fulfillment of the thesis objectives. A questionnaire for children and teachers was used as the main source of data. The conclusion summarizes the thesis learnings and points out its results showing positive impacts of "genetic method" combined with specific activities used by the teacher. In the conclusion, I refer also to the steps for further reading skills development proposed for each of the classes monitored, which can become an inspiration for all teachers who care about the children's reading.

Title: ”Welcome to 3a!”– An ethnographic case study on language-focused teaching in a linguistically and culturally heterogenic classroom   The overall aim of this ethnographic case study is to study language-focused teaching in a multicultural Swedish school and a third grade composed of pupils with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The study focuses on the support of multilingual pupils offered by teachers and educators, on what didactic choices teachers make and what didactical methods are used during reading and writing lessons and on what language-focused teaching strategies the teachers and educators use. The results show that the school staff meet parents and pupils with openness, curious humility and advocate the use of dialogue for effective cooperation between school and home. Different vocational categories and educators with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds collaborate. They work solution-focused and language-oriented. The study shows didactical choices and methods used by teachers and educators and their reflections on the choices and methods. Working with words and texts is an important part of the lessons. Instructions, expressions of learning goals and delivery of working strategies are frequent. A variety of different methods is used, where many questions are asked and individual words or student responses are often repeated. The teachers work with clear frameworks and structure. The proximity and a good relationship with the pupils are valued. Professional cooperation is seen as a success factor and is a common feature of school life. The heterogeneity of the pupil group determines the choice of working methods. Building a Swedish vocabulary while developing knowledge is one of the most important objectives of teaching. The use of the Swedish language dominates the teaching A language-focused teaching strategy the teachers and educators use is the presentation of good examples. Strategies regarding writing, as well as behavioural instructions, were given.  Confirmation and praise were expressed and subject-related questions and clues were given. The class teacher clearly orchestrates the classroom, where subject content and concepts are put in context and parallels are drawn. The class teacher refers to previous lessons and other subjects as well as adjusts her language to the students' linguistic levels. Different forms of visual support are used regularly. Overall, this dissertation highlights: (a) Working at a culturally and linguistically heterogeneous school means a daily balancing act between socialisation and inclusion. Future democratic citizens must be trained, the Swedish school and the subject of language have to be developed, while taking into account the linguistic habits and cultural expectations of the home. Swedish school culture is to be conveyed without emptying the families of previous experiences. (b) Pupils in need of a higher linguistic or knowledge-based challenge need to stand back for the collective structural and linguistic needs for support. Pupils with the greatest need for linguistic compensatory bridges between home and school receive support through multilingual staff directly at school if they belong to one of the language groups represented at the school. (c) In spite of experienced, committed and cooperative staff, L1 education remains a difficult task to complete. L1 education seems to meet many practical organisational and status-related challenges. By employing multilingual staff, alternative solutions were found. L1 education is experienced by several pupils student as being something voluntary and unnecessary.