No description available.

The purpose of this project was to experimentally induce thyroiditis in the mouse and to examine any influence thymectomy might have on its development. Immunization was performed using homologous thyroid extract emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. The mice were thymectomized within 18 hours of birth using a suction technique. Results indicated that the incidence of thyroid lesions were reduced by 25 per cent with thymectomy. Serum antibody levels of an anti-thyroid nature were not reduced, however, as detected by a tanned cell haemagglutination technique. These results are in accordance with recent evidence that the thymus is important in the development of cellular immunity while immunoglobulin production is dependent on a separate immune system probably involving the bursa of Fabricius in chickens or its homologue in mammals. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1931 W61

This Thesis investigates the possibility of an extrathymic pathway of T cell development in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Initial studies examined the ontogenetic development of T cell surface antigen expression on both splenocytes and thymocytes in larvae at 7 days through to 6-8 month old adults, using the technique of dual-colour flow cytometry and employing a panel of T and B cell specific monoclonal antibodies. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes from thymectomized (Tx) Xenopus was then addressed. This revealed that early (5-7 day) larval thymectomy resulted in the ablation of T cell surface antigen expression, as defined by the monoclonal antibodies 2B1 (anti- CD5), AM22 and F17 (both anti-CD8), XT-1 (anti-XTLA-1) and D4.3 (putative anti-aβ T cell receptor). Lack of these markers was still evident in 8 month old Tx frogs, confirming the effectiveness of the operation. In vitro studies showed that no T cell marker expression could be induced on the surface of splenocytes from Tx animals following stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or the potent mitogenic agent, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Studies were also carried out to investigate whether in vitro stimulation induced apoptosis. Flow cytometric studies revealed that CD5(^dull) expression could be induced on splenocytes from control Xenopus following stimulation with PMA. The nature of this induced CD5(^dull) expression was investigated further in order to determine why this phenomenon was only seen in control animals. These experiments involving mixing of T and B cell populations, revealed that CD5(^dull) expression was being induced upon the surface of Xenopus B cells, and that this PMA-induced expression required the presence of T cells, and was blocked by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Finally, an additional search for extrathymic T cells involved examining the intestine and liver of both control and Tx Xenopus, these tissues being sites of extrathymic T cell development in higher vertebrates. The intestine of control Xenopus was shown to contain T lymphocytes with a surface phenotype distinct to that found in spleen or liver. Studies in Tx Xenopus showed that although expression of some T cell markers was ablated in liver and gut, CD5(^dull) and CD8(^dull) (as determined by the mAb AM22) lymphocytes persisted in these organs. However, proliferative studies showed that these 'T-like' cells were unable to respond to mitogenic stimulation with ConA, suggesting that they are not functional T cells.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Orientador: Daniele Cristina Cataneo / Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a efetividade da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com miastenia gravis (MG). Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus e Central para busca de estudos experimentais e observacionais que avaliaram a plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com MG. Grupo com plasmaférese (PPG) e grupo sem plasmaférese (NPPG). Os desfechos avaliados foram: crise miastênica, mortalidade, pneumonia, sangramento, uso de ventilação mecânica, tempo de permanência hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Utilizou-se para metanálise o software RevMan 5.3 fornecido pela Colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: O número total de pacientes avaliados em seis estudos selecionados foi de 323 (143 PPG e 180 NPPG). A plasmaférese pré-operatória não diminuiu a crise miastênica (RR 0,36, IC 95% 0,08 a 1,66; I2 = 44%; 5 estudos, 243 pacientes). Também não houve alteração na mortalidade (RR 0,7, IC 95% 0,11 a 4,62; I² = 0%; 3 estudos, 172 pacientes) ou taxa de pneumonia (RR 0,28, IC 95% 0,07 a 1,09; I2 = 27%; 5 estudos, 272 pacientes). Os pacientes do grupo NPPG sangraram menos em comparação com o grupo PPG (diferença média 34,34 ml, IC 95% 24,93 a 43,75; I² = 0%). Foi avaliada a necessidade de ventilação mecânica em três estudos (213 pacientes) e a permanência hospitalar e em UTI em dois (121 pacientes), que não foram adequados para realizar a metanálise devido à alta heterogeneidade nes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: to evaluate, through a systematic review, the efficacy of plasmapheresis in the preoperative thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Central databases were searched for experimental and observational studies that evaluated plasmapheresis in the preoperative period of thymectomy in MG patients. Plasmapheresis group (PPG) and without plasmapheresis group (NPPG). The outcomes evaluated were: myasthenic crisis, mortality, pneumonia, bleeding, use of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for meta-analysis. Results: The total number of patients evaluated in six included studies was 323 (143 PPG and 180 NPPG). Preoperative plasmapheresis did not decrease the myasthenic crisis (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.66, I2 = 44 %; 5 studies, 243 patients). There was also no change in mortality (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.11 to 4.62, I² = 0%; 3 studies, 172 patients) or pneumonia (RR 0.28, 95% CI 07 to 1.09, I2 = 27%; 5 studies 272 patients). Patients in the NPPG group bleed less in comparison to the PPG group (mean difference 34.34 ml, 95% CI 24.93 to 43.75, I² = 0%). We evaluated the need for mechanical ventilation in three studies (213 patients) and hospital and ICU stay evaluated in two studies (121 patients), but they were not adequate to perform the meta-analysis due to the high heterogeneity among these outcomes. Subg... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Tarcisio Albertin Dos Reis (ta.reis@unesp.br) on 2018-08-06T20:30:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado ultima versão.pdf: 801214 bytes, checksum: edb9c814c46ecb1d03d1e2a67318e15a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-08-08T16:30:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_dc_me_bot.pdf: 801214 bytes, checksum: edb9c814c46ecb1d03d1e2a67318e15a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_dc_me_bot.pdf: 801214 bytes, checksum: edb9c814c46ecb1d03d1e2a67318e15a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-16 / Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a efetividade da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com miastenia gravis (MG). Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus e Central para busca de estudos experimentais e observacionais que avaliaram a plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com MG. Grupo com plasmaférese (PPG) e grupo sem plasmaférese (NPPG). Os desfechos avaliados foram: crise miastênica, mortalidade, pneumonia, sangramento, uso de ventilação mecânica, tempo de permanência hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Utilizou-se para metanálise o software RevMan 5.3 fornecido pela Colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: O número total de pacientes avaliados em seis estudos selecionados foi de 323 (143 PPG e 180 NPPG). A plasmaférese pré-operatória não diminuiu a crise miastênica (RR 0,36, IC 95% 0,08 a 1,66; I2 = 44%; 5 estudos, 243 pacientes). Também não houve alteração na mortalidade (RR 0,7, IC 95% 0,11 a 4,62; I² = 0%; 3 estudos, 172 pacientes) ou taxa de pneumonia (RR 0,28, IC 95% 0,07 a 1,09; I2 = 27%; 5 estudos, 272 pacientes). Os pacientes do grupo NPPG sangraram menos em comparação com o grupo PPG (diferença média 34,34 ml, IC 95% 24,93 a 43,75; I² = 0%). Foi avaliada a necessidade de ventilação mecânica em três estudos (213 pacientes) e a permanência hospitalar e em UTI em dois (121 pacientes), que não foram adequados para realizar a metanálise devido à alta heterogeneidade nesses desfechos. A análise dos subgrupos mostrou que a realização da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de pacientes com doença grave (Osserman III e IV) diminuiu a crise miastênica no pós-operatório (RR 0,12, IC 95% 0,02 a 0,65; I² = 63%). Conclusão: A plasmaférese pode reduzir as crises miastênicas pós-operatória em pacientes com doença grave (Osserman III e IV), mas pode produzir pouca ou nenhuma diferença em pacientes com doença de expressão clínica leve (Osserman II). / Objective: to evaluate, through a systematic review, the efficacy of plasmapheresis in the preoperative thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Central databases were searched for experimental and observational studies that evaluated plasmapheresis in the preoperative period of thymectomy in MG patients. Plasmapheresis group (PPG) and without plasmapheresis group (NPPG). The outcomes evaluated were: myasthenic crisis, mortality, pneumonia, bleeding, use of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for meta-analysis. Results: The total number of patients evaluated in six included studies was 323 (143 PPG and 180 NPPG). Preoperative plasmapheresis did not decrease the myasthenic crisis (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.66, I2 = 44 %; 5 studies, 243 patients). There was also no change in mortality (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.11 to 4.62, I² = 0%; 3 studies, 172 patients) or pneumonia (RR 0.28, 95% CI 07 to 1.09, I2 = 27%; 5 studies 272 patients). Patients in the NPPG group bleed less in comparison to the PPG group (mean difference 34.34 ml, 95% CI 24.93 to 43.75, I² = 0%). We evaluated the need for mechanical ventilation in three studies (213 patients) and hospital and ICU stay evaluated in two studies (121 patients), but they were not adequate to perform the meta-analysis due to the high heterogeneity among these outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed that the preoperative plasmapheresis performed in patients with severe disease (Osserman III and IV) decreased the myasthenic crisis postoperatively (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.65, I² = 63 %). Conclusion: Plasmapheresis may reduce postoperative myasthenic crisis in patients with severe disease (Osserman III and IV), but may produce little or no difference in patients with mild clinical expression disease (Osserman II).

Abstract not available