We interpret distance measurements from nearby galaxies, type Ia supernovae, and gamma-ray bursts in the light of a cosmological model that incorporates a spatial averaging technique to account for the inhomogeneous distribution of structure in the late-epoch Universe and the consequent importance of the location of the observer. In the timescape cosmology it is suggested that dark energy is a misidentification of gravitational energy gradients---and consequently of the relative calibration of clocks and rulers---in a complex inhomogeneous structure. This model is consistent with the current supernova and gamma-ray burst data within the limits imposed by our understanding of the systematic uncertainties, to the extent that a Bayesian model comparison with the standard model yields a preference for the timescape model that is “not worth more than a bare mention”. In the spirit of the timescape model, of attempting to understand the astrophysics with as few cosmological assumptions as possible, we perform a model-independent analysis of galaxy distances in the local Universe. We find that the rest frame of the Local Group provides a more uniform Hubble expansion field than the rest frame of the CMB. We find that the dipole in the Hubble expansion field coincides with the dipole in the CMB temperature with a correlation coefficient of -0.92, and that this pattern is induced within 60 h⁻¹ Mpc, provided the variation in the distance-redshift relation due to the formation of structure is taken into account.

The timescape cosmology represents a potentially viable alternative to the standard homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann--Lemaître--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) cosmology, without the need for dark energy. This thesis first extends the previous work on the timescape cosmology to include a radiation component in the evolution equations for the timescape cosmology and tests of the timescape model are then performed against the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropies from the Planck satellite. Although average cosmic evolution in the timescape scenario only differs substantially from that of FLRW cosmologies at relatively late epochs when the contribution from the energy density of radiation is negligible, a full solution of the Buchert equations to incorporate radiation is necessary to smoothly match parameters to the epoch of photon decoupling and to obtain constraints from CMB data. Here we have extended the matter-dominated solution found in earlier work to include radiation, providing series solutions at early times and an efficient numerical integration strategy for generating the complete solution. To analyse the spectrum of CMB anisotropies in the timescape cosmology we exploit the fact that the timescape cosmology is extremely close to the standard cosmology at early epochs and adapt existing numerical codes to produce CMB anisotropy spectra. To find a FLRW model that matches as closely as possible the timescape expansion history, we have studied and compared a number of matching methods. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses on the timescape model parameter space, and fit CMB multipoles 50 ≤ l ≤ 2500 to the Planck satellite data. Parameter fits include a dressed Hubble constant, H₀ = 61.0 kms ⁻¹Mpc⁻¹ (±1.3% stat)(±8% sys), and a present void volume fraction fᵥ₀ = 0.627 (±2.3% stat)(±13% sys). In the timescape model this value of fᵥ₀ means that the galaxy/wall observer infers an accelerating universe, where the apparent acceleration is due to gravitational energy gradients and clock rate differences rather than some dark energy. We find best fit likelihoods which are comparable to that of the best fit ΛCDM cosmology in the same multipole range.

ABSTRACT Powerful themes of physical and emotional isolation are found in the Saskatchewan radio plays stored in the CBC files of the Saskatchewan Archives Recorded Sound Collection. Based on the examination of a selection of these plays in their audio format, this thesis will explore themes of isolation and how they are developed in contemporary Saskatchewan radio drama as organized into the following three categories: Timescape, Landscape, and Bodyscape. The Timescape chapter deals with themes of isolation and history plays. The Landscape chapter explores isolation and landscape within three radio plays by James Quandt. The Bodyscape chapter is dedicated to plays with themes of isolation, health, and healthcare. It also highlights the abundance of playwriting by women on healthcare topics. In doing so, the thesis addresses two larger questions: 1. To what extent are themes of isolation and the struggle to relieve it developed by Saskatchewan playwrights on the radio? And 2. If the most acute geographic and demographic isolation experienced by Saskatchewan residents was historic, i.e. during the history of European settlement, why are there still strong thematic currents of isolation appearing throughout Saskatchewan radio plays written after 1980? The development of themes of isolation in this selection of plays often reinforces the value of community and the dangers of isolation. The critical framework of the thesis relies most heavily on the thoughts of Northrop Frye, Margaret Atwood, Kelley Jo Burke, and Carol Gilligan. Most of the plays discussed were produced during the period between 1978-1988. These were the first ten years of local, full time radio drama production at CBC Saskatchewan in Regina. An annotated bibliography of the plays studied en route to this thesis follows the text.

ABSTRACT Powerful themes of physical and emotional isolation are found in the Saskatchewan radio plays stored in the CBC files of the Saskatchewan Archives Recorded Sound Collection. Based on the examination of a selection of these plays in their audio format, this thesis will explore themes of isolation and how they are developed in contemporary Saskatchewan radio drama as organized into the following three categories: Timescape, Landscape, and Bodyscape. The Timescape chapter deals with themes of isolation and history plays. The Landscape chapter explores isolation and landscape within three radio plays by James Quandt. The Bodyscape chapter is dedicated to plays with themes of isolation, health, and healthcare. It also highlights the abundance of playwriting by women on healthcare topics. In doing so, the thesis addresses two larger questions: 1. To what extent are themes of isolation and the struggle to relieve it developed by Saskatchewan playwrights on the radio? And 2. If the most acute geographic and demographic isolation experienced by Saskatchewan residents was historic, i.e. during the history of European settlement, why are there still strong thematic currents of isolation appearing throughout Saskatchewan radio plays written after 1980? The development of themes of isolation in this selection of plays often reinforces the value of community and the dangers of isolation. The critical framework of the thesis relies most heavily on the thoughts of Northrop Frye, Margaret Atwood, Kelley Jo Burke, and Carol Gilligan. Most of the plays discussed were produced during the period between 1978-1988. These were the first ten years of local, full time radio drama production at CBC Saskatchewan in Regina. An annotated bibliography of the plays studied en route to this thesis follows the text.

No description available.

Methods of timekeeping have changed drastically throughout history and especially in the last century, as has humanity’s relationship to nature. Building upon existing research into the history of clocks and clock-time this study sketches a long-term chronology with a novel environmental, sensory, and aesthetic analysis. The connection between everyday time(keeping) and the environment, as well as the significant role of objects in how we tell the time. The interactions with our surroundings is explored in order to understand the material role of technology, techno-aesthetics, and eco-social cues. The thesis investigates the aesthetic and sensory dimensions of historical timekeeping, particularly with regards to sound and vision. The thesis follows a chronological narrative so that the significant shifts in European timekeeping can be identified at particular moments in history, as well as demonstrating the overall arc of change. It begins with the lead up to the invention of mechanical clocks followed by a case study – conducted using imaginative phenomenology – of an Uppsala student in 1482 interacting with the clock-bell in his local timescape. After sketching the significant inventions and shifts in the proceeding centuries, there is a comparative case study that conducts a phenomenological autoethnography of the author’s timekeeping practices in Uppsala in 2022 and aesthetic analysis of personal clock devices. This seeks to identify what characterises timekeeping in the Anthropocene. Throughout, the thesis compares the experiences of ‘time foraging’ as opposed to ‘self-referential timekeeping’ to explore how different timekeeping affects our relations on an ecological and social scale.

pour plus d'informations concernant l'auteure et sa recherche veuillez consulter le http://www.natalieb.ca / L'environnement n'est pas un espace physique précis et stable. Sa géométrie est statique mais il est sans cesse inondé par différentes ambiances qui elles sont dynamiques. De plus sa réalité est modelée par le terrain mouvant de notre mémoire qui encode nos expériences, nos rencontres et autres complexes associations vécues à différents moments. Les ambiances olfactives plus particulièrement participent à la définition d'un espace urbain de plusieurs façons. Produites et modelées par l'environnement géographique, les conditions climatiques, les activités économiques et l'activité humaine, les odeurs appellent des repères spatio-temporels précis car se référant à des événements que l'on a personnellement vécus. Bref, les multiples flux odorants qui façonnent dans la ville un paysage olfactif mouvant sont autant de possibilités de restructurer le réel du citadin. Aussi pour permettre d'élaborer des moyens mettant en oeuvre les odeurs dans l'espace public, nous avons examiné dans quelle mesure les signaux olfactifs influencent notre perception de l'environnement en provoquant l'apparition de paysages temporels. / The smellscape participates in the definition of the environment in different ways. First, determined by the geographic environment, climate conditions, economic activities, and human activity, the reality of olfactory ambiances are also shaped by our memory. This is because odours are associated with precise spatiotemporal markers that refer to events that someone has personally experienced. Therefore, the multiple fluxes of odorants creating a mobile topography of smells in the city may become a strategic intervention tool in planning. And, with the goal of arriving at a representation of the temporal patterns provoked by odours, we have examined the influence of olfactory memory in urban space.

L'environnement n'est pas un espace physique précis et stable. Sa géométrie est statique mais il est sans cesse inondé par différentes ambiances qui elles sont dynamiques. De plus sa réalité est modelée par le terrain mouvant de notre mémoire qui encode nos expériences, nos rencontres et autres complexes associations vécues à différents moments. Les ambiances olfactives plus particulièrement participent à la définition d'un espace urbain de plusieurs façons. Produites et modelées par l'environnement géographique, les conditions climatiques, les activités économiques et l'activité humaine, les odeurs appellent des repères spatio-temporels précis car se référant à des événements que l'on a personnellement vécus. Bref, les multiples flux odorants qui façonnent dans la ville un paysage olfactif mouvant sont autant de possibilités de restructurer le réel du citadin. Aussi pour permettre d'élaborer des moyens mettant en oeuvre les odeurs dans l'espace public, nous avons examiné dans quelle mesure les signaux olfactifs influencent notre perception de l'environnement en provoquant l'apparition de paysages temporels. / The smellscape participates in the definition of the environment in different ways. First, determined by the geographic environment, climate conditions, economic activities, and human activity, the reality of olfactory ambiances are also shaped by our memory. This is because odours are associated with precise spatiotemporal markers that refer to events that someone has personally experienced. Therefore, the multiple fluxes of odorants creating a mobile topography of smells in the city may become a strategic intervention tool in planning. And, with the goal of arriving at a representation of the temporal patterns provoked by odours, we have examined the influence of olfactory memory in urban space. / pour plus d'informations concernant l'auteure et sa recherche veuillez consulter le http://www.natalieb.ca