[Truncated abstract] This thesis focuses on human rights in Australia’s foreign policy from 1991 to 2004 taking East Timor and Papua as case studies. It encompasses the Paul Keating years (1991 to 1996) as well as John Howard’s three consecutive terms as Prime Minister (from 1996 to 2004). As a consequence of events unfolding in this period of time, the thesis does not consider Australian foreign policy towards East Timor beyond the 1999 referendum that resulted in the separation of East Timor from Indonesia and focuses on Papua until 2004. The primary empirical aim of this thesis is to compare and contrast the two administrations’ approaches and responses to human rights abuses in East Timor and Papua. Drawing upon a variety of theoretical concepts in human rights and foreign policy, this thesis shows that incorporating a concern for human rights in the foreign policy making process is problematic because the promotion of human rights often comes into conflict with other foreign policy objectives . . . The two case studies on human rights abuses in East Timor and Papua reflect the tensions between concepts of realism and idealism in Australian foreign policy. However, the situation of East Timor shows that public pressure is required to balance the disparity of national interest and human rights. The role of public pressure has been largely absent in debates on human rights and foreign policy. While this study focuses on East Timor and Papua as case studies, the discussion of the findings has far reaching implications for Australian foreign policy and international relations, especially concerning the scholarly debate over the place of human rights in foreign policy.

CRUZ, Rui António da. Proposta de zoneamento ecológico-econômico como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável: subsídios para o planejamento ambiental na construção do Distrito de Covalima – Timor-Leste. 2012. 190 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2012 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T14:18:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_racruz.pdf: 4944755 bytes, checksum: f1151a7e06978341a26a5264adc378c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T14:18:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_racruz.pdf: 4944755 bytes, checksum: f1151a7e06978341a26a5264adc378c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T14:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_racruz.pdf: 4944755 bytes, checksum: f1151a7e06978341a26a5264adc378c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The Covalima located in southwestern Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste-RDTL constituted country under a democratic rule of law, sovereign and independent, unitary, based on the popular will and respect for human dignity and the right to an environment a humane, healthy and ecologically balanced and duty to protect and enhance and support of future generations. Recognizing the need to preserve and enhance natural resources, and promote actions to protect the environment and safeguard the sustainable development of economy, stressing that the use of natural resources to maintain balance and prevent destruction of ecosystems. Is attributed to the significant meaning in this present study, to establish Proposal for ecological-Economic-ZEE as a tool for sustainable development. Subsidizes environmental planning is seeking to reconcile the human behavior on the basis of appropriate environmental management, to improve the use of natural resources in the process of sustainable environmental. There was bias from the socio-environmental theoretical framework which shows the relationship between society and nature, claiming self-conscientization, respecting the carrying capacity of nature. It is based on the basis of zoning in which the organization affects the democratic power of public policy, assuming the role of environmental planning and management. Is directed, so the strategic plans focusing on the use and occupancy of the land in search for the rehabilitation and maintenance of functional integrity of environmental systems. Avoidance of negative impacts and consequences of natural biophysical systems, besides the quality of life of the population on the basis of sustainable development. The establishment of the geoenvironmental characteristics, socioeconomic and use of land occupation, based on the reasoning of the zoning application of analytical techniques for digital satellite (TM / LANDSAT 7 ETM + 2000) and GIS, with prior knowledge, as well as documents bibliographic and geocartographic. Resulted in the subdivision within 5(five) environmental Systems, 8 (eight) sub-systems and socioeconomic aspects, allowing to determine the classification of 6 (six) areas of interest, uniquely adopting the definition and function the same as: Zone Environmental Conservation, Zone of the Environmental Recovery-ZRA, Sustainable Use Zone-ZUS, Landscape Protection Zone and Cultural-ZPPc, Urban Zone Expansion-ZEU, Ethnic-Zone Overlay-ZSE. It is obvious that the uniqueness of the function of each zone meets in contributing to dispose finally of the Zoning Environmental generating the emerging scenarios that the system provides for Sustainable Development in the construction of Covalima. It is intended that this zoning will help to subsidize the public politics of Timor-Leste in the pursuit of sustainable development Covalima. / O Distrito de Covalima situa-se no Sudoeste da República Democrática de Timor-Leste–RDTL, constituindo um país sob Estado de direito democrático, soberano, independente e unitário. Está baseado na vontade popular e no respeito pela dignidade da pessoa humana e pelo direito a um ambiente de vida humana, sadio, ecologicamente equilibrado e no dever de proteger e melhorar em prol das gerações vindouras. Reconhecendo a necessidade de preservar e valorizar os recursos naturais, além de promover ações de defesa do meio ambiente e salvaguardar o desenvolvimento sustentável da economia, bem como o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais para a manutenção do equilíbrio e evitar a destruição de ecossistemas. Atribui-se o significado importante nesta presente pesquisa, estabelecer Proposta de Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico-ZEE como instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Subsidia-se o planejamento ambiental em busca de compatibilizar o comportamento humano na base da gestão ambiental adequada, para o melhoramento do uso dos recursos naturais no processo do desenvolvimento sustentável. Observaram-se os preceitos socioambientais a partir da fundamentação teórica que sinaliza a relação sociedade-natureza, primando a auto-concientização, respeitando a capacidade de suporte da natureza. Fundamenta-se como base no Zoneamento em que a organização repercute no poder democrático das políticas públicas, assumindo o papel do planejamento e gestão ambiental. Direciona-se, desse modo os planos estratégicos incidindo no uso e a ocupação da terra em busca à recuperação e manutenção da integridade funcional de sistemas ambientais. Evita-se como conseqüências os impactos negativas dos sistemas biofísicos naturais, além da qualidade da vida da população na base do desenvolvimento sustentável. O estabelecimento das características dos sistemas ambientais e dos aspectos socioeconômicos e o uso da ocupação da terra, basearam-se na fundamentação do zoneamento com aplicação de técnicas de análise digital de satélite (TM/LANDSAT 7 + ETM de 2000) e geoprocessamento, com conhecimentos prévios, bem como documentos bibliográficos e geocartográficos. Resultou a compartimentação em 5 (cinco) sistemas ambientais, 8 (nove) sub-sistemas e nos aspectos socioeconômicos, possibilitando o estabelecimento da classificação de 6 (seis) zonas de interesse, adotando singularmente a definição e a função das mesmas, como: Zona da Preservação Ambiental-ZPA, Zona da Recuperação Ambiental-ZRA, Zona de Uso Sustentável-ZUS, Zona de Proteção Paisagística e Cultural-ZPPc, Zona de Expansão Urbana-ZEU, Zona de Superposição Étnica-ZSE. É óbvio que a singularidade da função de cada zona cumpre enfim contribuir dispor do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico que gera os cenários tendenciais, propiciando o sistema do Desenvolvimento Sustentável na construção do Distrito de Covalima. Pretende-se que esse zoneamento contribua para subsidiar as políticas públicas de Timor-Leste na busca do desenvolvimento sustentável de Covalima.

Petrologic, structural and age investigations of the Lolotoi Complex of East Timor indicate that it is part of a group of thin metamorphic klippen found throughout the region that were detached from the Banda forearc and accreted to the NW Australian continental margin during Late Miocene to Present arc-continent collision. Metamorphic rock types are dominated by (in order of greatest to least abundance), greenschist, graphitic phyllite, quartz-mica schist, amphibolite and pelitic schist. Mineral, whole rock, and trace element geochemical analyses of metabasites indicate that protolith compositions are consistent with tholeiitic basalt and basaltic andesite with mixed MORB and oceanic arc affinities. Metapelitic schist compositions are consistent with mafic to intermediate oceanic to continental arc provenance. Geothermobarometric calculations show peak metamorphic temperatures in pelitic rocks range from 530°C to 610°C for garnet-biotite pairs and peak pressures of 5 to 8 kbar for garnet-aluminosilicate-quartz-plagioclase assemblages. Analyses of amphibole in amphibolites yield temperatures of 550°C to 650°C and pressures of 6 to 7 kbar. Lu-Hf analyses performed on garnet samples from two massifs in East Timor yielded four ages with a mean of 45.36 ± 0.63 Ma, which is interpreted to represent the approximate age of peak metamorphism. Detrital zircons from one amphibolite sample in East Timor yields a bimodal U-Pb age distribution of 560 Ma and 80 Ma, indicating deposition occurred after the 80 Ma closure of the zircon grains. The sequence of deformation as indicated by field measurements is similar to that reported from other klippen throughout the Timor region. Contact relationships with adjacent units indicate that the metamorphic terrane is in thrust contact with underlying Gondwana Sequence rocks. Overlying the metamorphic rocks are Asian affinity volcanic and sedimentary cover units found mostly in normal fault contact on the edges of Lolotoi Complex klippen. Geochemical, age, petrological and structural data imply the Lolotoi Complex formed part of the eastern Great Indonesian arc, which began to collapse in the Eocene, was incorporated into the Banda arc in the Miocene, and accreted to the Austrailian continental margin from Pliocene to Present.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Les questions de genre dans le développement pour l’avancement des droits des femmes et de leur statut ont connu un intérêt croissant au niveau universel, notamment depuis les années 1990 et la Conférence mondiale sur les femmes du Beijing de 1995.L’enthousiasme suscité autour de ces questions est ainsi illustré par les moyens mis en œuvre au Timor par la communauté internationale dans ce domaine en parallèle du processus d’établissement de l’Etat de droit et de construction de ce nouvel Etat dans le contexte post-conflit dans lequel celui-ci se trouve, l’assimilant parfois à un « laboratoire » des Nations Unies pour la mise en œuvre des principes internationaux relatifs à l’établissement de l’Etat de droit et à l’approche de genre dans la reconstruction et la gestion d’un Etat ainsi que des mécanismes de contrôle des droits de l’homme au bénéfice de la femme. Se basant sur une recherche empirique, la présente étude tente ainsi d’analyser de quelle manière le droit international influence non seulement les droits des femmes au Timor d’un point de vue formel, mais aussi et surtout leur statut au sein de la société timoraise. / Gender issues in development for the advancement of women's rights and their status have gained increasing attention at the universal level, particularly since the 1990s and the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women. The enthusiasm for these issues can be illustrated by the means implemented in Timor by the international community in this field in parallel with the process of establishing the rule of law and the construction of this new State in a post-conflict context, making equating it as a United Nations "laboratory" for the implementation of international principles related to the establishment of the rule of law and the gender approach in the reconstruction and management of a State as well as the evaluation mechanisms of human rights to the benefit of women. Based on an empirical research, the present study attempts to analyze how international law not only affects formal women's rights in Timor but also, and especially, the status of women within Timorese society.

Em dezembro de 2012, após treze anos, três mandatos de operações de paz e dois mandatos de missões políticas, a ONU se retirava do território do Timor-Leste de maneira bastante discreta. Fechava-se, naquele momento, um ciclo de participação da Organização na vida política e econômica daquele país, que se iniciara com os episódios de violência de 1999, quando milicianos pró-indonésia tentaram impedir o processo político de autodeterminação do povo timorense. Herdando um país com suas infraestruturas destruídas e mais de um quarto de sua população refugiada ou deslocada internamente, a ONU não apenas pacificou o território como também empreendeu ali um processo de Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB), onde sua participação variou entre o exercício pleno de todos os poderes soberanos atinentes às funções de governo de qualquer Estado ao apoio de assessores altamente especializados em prol do governo independente do Timor-Leste. O balanço final dessa participação é positivo na medida que revela um país com estruturas governamentais consolidadas, formalmente democrático e com boas taxas de crescimento econômico. Por outro lado, o combate à pobreza, a consolidação da pacificação social, a necessidade de maior participação popular na política e a redução da dependência de sua economia em relação ao petróleo seguem sendo desafios não resolvidos e, em grande medida, externalidades provocadas pela própria ONU. / In December 2012, after thirteen years, three mandates of peace operations and two mandates of political missions, the UN withdrew from the territory of Timor-Leste in a rather discreet manner. At that moment, a cycle of the Organization's participation in the political and economic life of that country, which began with the 1999 episodes of violence, occurred when pro-Indonesian militiamen tried to impede the political process of self-determination of the Timorese people. Inheriting a country with its destroyed infrastructure and more than a quarter of its population refugee or internally displaced, the UN not only pacified the territory but also undertook a Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB) process, where its participation ranged from full exercise of all sovereign powers pertaining to the government functions of any State to the support of highly specialized advisers for the independent government of Timor-Leste. The final balance of this participation is positive insofar as it reveals a country with consolidated government structures, formally democratic and good rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the fight against poverty, the consolidation of social pacification, the need for greater popular participation in politics and the reduction of dependence of its economy on oil remain unresolved challenges and, to a large extent, externalities caused by the UN itself.

This thesis addresses how sports can encourage social cohesion amongst youth in Dili, Timor Leste. It is a case study, conducted in Timor Leste and is based on interviews with staff working at organizations that offer sport for peace programs as well as with other interested parties. The sport for peace programs involves youth in and around Dili and were initiated as a peace-building method. The communication aspect is analyzed through a participatory communication approach. The thesis investigates sports effect on social behavior from a sport pshycology perspective. It brings up both challenges and improvements for the sport for peace programs. The thesis also show the positive aspects of using sports as a tool for social cohesion.

It has been claimed that internationalized, or "hybrid" courts, courts which mix international and local personnel and international and domestic law, can be used to replace or complement the work of the International Criminal Court. Four such hybrid courts---courts located in Kosovo, East Timor, Cambodia and Sierra Leone, have either just completed their work or are far enough along in their operation to provide a type of "justice laboratory" to test this claim. Analysis reveals that the performance of these courts has been poor. It shows that the courts in Kosovo and East Timor were doomed to failure, that the court in Cambodia is headed in the same direction, and that only the court operating in Sierra Leone offers a possibility that something close to justice will result. The summary recommendation drawn from the analysis is that hybrid courts should only be employed where: (1) international personnel control the proceedings, (2) the legal framework of the court conforms to international standards, and (3) the sponsors of the enterprise possess a clear ability, and demonstrate a credible commitment, to try and punish those most responsible for committing gross human rights offenses.

This thesis examines the valuation of transitional justice. It argues the need for and advances a more theoretically expansive set of ideal standards that can be used to assess the process and substantive outcomes of transitional justice decision-making. In so doing, it advocates a victim-inclusive and sustainable model of justice. Effective decision-making is understood in ideal terms as being :(l) politically and publicly inclusive; (2) methodically planned; (3) politically purposive; and (4) legally comprehensive in the sense of equally recognising state obligations and victim rights.

Univ., Diss.--Passau, 2005.