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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Organ donation in South Africa: OPT-in, OPT-out or mandated choice

Hawkins, Kirstin January 2017 (has links)
Submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Medicine (Bioethics and Health Law). Johannesburg, 2017 / Given the enormous gap between supply and demand for donor organs in South Africa, this research report seeks to answer the question ‘which system of organ donation is the most ethically and practically suitable for South Africa?’ I begin with an analysis of the varying aspects of the country that influence organ donation rates. Following this, opt-in, opt-out and mandated choice are all critically evaluated in terms of their suitability as organ procurement systems in the country. The four principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice (theory of Principlism) are used to assess each system. In conclusion, a hybrid system of opt-in and mandated choice is argued to be the most ethically and practically appropriate system for South Africa to improve organ donation rates. As would be required for any improvement of the system, effort needs to be made to increase awareness on the topic of organ donation throughout South Africa. / MT2017
2

Measuring organ donation performance internationally : modeling the effects of available denominators for organ donation rates

Hornby, Karen. January 2008 (has links)
Objective. To evaluate organ donation (OD) policy, appropriate comparisons between different OD programs are required. The objective of this research was to investigate alternative methods of measuring national rates of OD using publicly available data and examine the implications of using each method as a measure of performance. / Method. We used 7 measures to calculate deceased OD rates, based on 7 different denominators. Data were collected from OD organizations and the World Health Organization. OD rates for each measure were calculated for 10 countries for the years 2001--2004. Relative rates were calculated using Spain as the standard. / Results. We found variations in relative rates across the proposed measures. Regardless of the measure used Spain excelled. / Conclusion. If the purpose of the OD rate is to identify the top performer internationally, it may not matter which measure is used providing this is done with an understanding of its limitations.
3

Measuring organ donation performance internationally : modeling the effects of available denominators for organ donation rates

Hornby, Karen. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
4

Frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa após suicídio

Longaray, Vanessa Kenne January 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A obtenção de órgãos para pesquisa é essencial para o estudo da neurobiologia da doença mental. Na comunidade científica internacional há uma demanda crescente para a disponibilização de tecido cerebral humano para estudos sobre a neurobiologia das doenças neuropsiquiátricas, com grande interesse no uso desses tecidos para a investigação dos processos biológicos básicos associados às doenças mentais. No cenário atual, entretanto, biobancos de tecido cerebral dedicados às doenças psiquiátricas são extremamente escassos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa por familiares de pessoas que cometeram suicídio MÉTODO: Foram incluídas solicitações para doação de encéfalo a familiares de indivíduos que cometeram suicídio com idade entre 18 a 60 anos cuja necropsia foi realizada entre março de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram excluídos casos com lesões no tecido cerebral devido a trauma na hora da morte. RESULTADOS: Tivemos acesso a 56 casos de suicídio. Destes, 24 estavam dentre os critérios de exclusão do projeto. Foram excluídos do estudo 11 casos por falta de responsáveis para assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Finalmente, dos 21 remanescentes, 9 responsáveis autorizaram a doação de tecido cerebral, em sete casos de fragmento de córtex e dois do encéfalo. CONCLUSÕES: As doações de tecido cerebral para pesquisa são indispensáveis para a elucidação de causas biológicas, e há uma escassez de material biológico disponível para a investigação do sistema nervoso central em doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Neste estudo demostra-se que a doação para pesquisa em nosso meio é possível, com uma proporção de consentimento similar àquela relatada em doenças neurodegenerativas. / INTRODUCTION: Obtaining organs for research is essential to study the neurobiology of mental illness. The international scientific community there is a growing demand for the availability of human brain tissue for studies of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, with great interest in the use of these tissues for investigation of basic biological processes associated with mental illness. In the current scenario, however, brain tissue biobanks dedicated to psychiatric disorders are extremely scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of brain tissue donation for research purposes by families of individuals that committed suicide. METHODS: All the requests for brain tissue donation for a brain biorepository made to the families of individuals aged 18-60 years that committed suicide between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Cases presenting with brain damage due to acute trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-six suicide cases were reported. 24 fulfilled the exclusion criteria; 11 were excluded because no next of kin was found to sign the informed consent. Finally, of the 21 remaining cases, brain tissue donation was authorized in 9 - – 7 fragments of brain tissue and 2 the entire organ. CONCLUSIONS: The donation of brain tissue for research is essential for the elucidation of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric illness. In the present study, we report the feasibility of brain tissue donation for research purposes. Moreover, that the rates of this sort of donation is similar to the rates reported for neurodegenerative diseases.
5

Ett värdigt slut : Operations- och intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser i samband med vård av avlidna donatorer, Litteraturstudie

Gad, Johan January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: Organdonation från avlidna är idag vanligt förekommande för att ge liv och hälsa åt svårt sjuka patienter. Operations- och intensivvårdssjuksköterskor är två av de yrkeskategorier som arbetar mest intimt med donatorvård, ett arbete som befunnits kunna ge såväl etiska som psykologiska efterverkningar. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskap kring hur dessa yrkesgrupper upplever och hanterar arbetet med att vårda avlidna donatorer, med fokus på de strategier som används för att patienten ska behandlas med respekt och värdighet. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. En litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL resulterande i 15 artiklar som inkluderades i resultatet. Resultat: Analysen genererade tre teman; ”Att vårda de döda” samlar utsagor och företeelser förknippade med denna vård. Här framkom synen på arbetet som stressigt och mentalt mycket tungt. Bristande förmåga att ta till sig hjärndödhetsbegreppet var vanligt och gjorde arbetet än svårare och mer etiskt utmanande. ”Att möjliggöra ett värdigt slut” beskriver en värdig behandling och strävan mot ett värdigt slut för donatorerna som de mest centrala förhållningssätten i vården av avlidna donatorer. I ”Att själv finna mening” beskrivs hur respondenterna, framför allt, genom att stötta varandra och genom vetskapen om det goda som kom ut av organdonation, både för de anhöriga och för organmottagarna. Ändå fann arbetet meningsfullt och givande. Slutsats: Denna studies resultat visar upp en bred problematik på en rad områden gällande vård av avlidna donatorer. Samtidigt som värdighet och respekt för de avlidna ansågs både viktigt och tillfredsställande. Att se sig själv och det goda som uppnåddes med arbetet, i ett större perspektiv gjorde arbetet positivt och tillfredsställande, trots de negativa aspekterna. / Background: Organ donation from deceased donors has become a common procedure that enables health and prolonged life for critically ill patients. Two of the professions most intimately involved with the care of the donors are operating room and intensive care nurses. This care has been found to cause adverse effects, ethical and psychological. Aim: To gather knowledge regarding how these two professions perceive, and cope with, the care of deceased donors. Focusing on strategies used to preserve and maintain respect and dignity for the donors. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach. Results: Three themes emerged; ”Caring for the dead” collects statements and phenomena associated with the care. This was perceived as mentally exhausting and very stressful. Lack of understanding for the concept of brain death was common, which made the work harder and more ethically challenging. ”Facilitating a dignified end” established that very concept as the main purpose of the actions during donor care. ”To find a purpose” describes how the respondents, mainly, through support for each other and through the knowledge of the positive outcomes of organ donation, both for the donors’ families and for the organ recipients, still found meaningfulness and satisfaction in their work. Conclusion: This study displays a broad spectrum of adversities associated with donor care, in several areas. Dignity and respect for the deceased was deemed both highly important and personally satisfying. To see oneself and the good things achieved through ones labor, in a larger perspective, made donor care both positive and satisfying.
6

An analysis of the differences in preemptive kidney transplantation between blacks and whites

Brown, Kennard D., January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on April 24, 2008 ). Research advisor: Shelly White-Means, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xi, 101 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100).
7

Frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa após suicídio

Longaray, Vanessa Kenne January 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A obtenção de órgãos para pesquisa é essencial para o estudo da neurobiologia da doença mental. Na comunidade científica internacional há uma demanda crescente para a disponibilização de tecido cerebral humano para estudos sobre a neurobiologia das doenças neuropsiquiátricas, com grande interesse no uso desses tecidos para a investigação dos processos biológicos básicos associados às doenças mentais. No cenário atual, entretanto, biobancos de tecido cerebral dedicados às doenças psiquiátricas são extremamente escassos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa por familiares de pessoas que cometeram suicídio MÉTODO: Foram incluídas solicitações para doação de encéfalo a familiares de indivíduos que cometeram suicídio com idade entre 18 a 60 anos cuja necropsia foi realizada entre março de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram excluídos casos com lesões no tecido cerebral devido a trauma na hora da morte. RESULTADOS: Tivemos acesso a 56 casos de suicídio. Destes, 24 estavam dentre os critérios de exclusão do projeto. Foram excluídos do estudo 11 casos por falta de responsáveis para assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Finalmente, dos 21 remanescentes, 9 responsáveis autorizaram a doação de tecido cerebral, em sete casos de fragmento de córtex e dois do encéfalo. CONCLUSÕES: As doações de tecido cerebral para pesquisa são indispensáveis para a elucidação de causas biológicas, e há uma escassez de material biológico disponível para a investigação do sistema nervoso central em doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Neste estudo demostra-se que a doação para pesquisa em nosso meio é possível, com uma proporção de consentimento similar àquela relatada em doenças neurodegenerativas. / INTRODUCTION: Obtaining organs for research is essential to study the neurobiology of mental illness. The international scientific community there is a growing demand for the availability of human brain tissue for studies of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, with great interest in the use of these tissues for investigation of basic biological processes associated with mental illness. In the current scenario, however, brain tissue biobanks dedicated to psychiatric disorders are extremely scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of brain tissue donation for research purposes by families of individuals that committed suicide. METHODS: All the requests for brain tissue donation for a brain biorepository made to the families of individuals aged 18-60 years that committed suicide between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Cases presenting with brain damage due to acute trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-six suicide cases were reported. 24 fulfilled the exclusion criteria; 11 were excluded because no next of kin was found to sign the informed consent. Finally, of the 21 remaining cases, brain tissue donation was authorized in 9 - – 7 fragments of brain tissue and 2 the entire organ. CONCLUSIONS: The donation of brain tissue for research is essential for the elucidation of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric illness. In the present study, we report the feasibility of brain tissue donation for research purposes. Moreover, that the rates of this sort of donation is similar to the rates reported for neurodegenerative diseases.
8

Frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa após suicídio

Longaray, Vanessa Kenne January 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A obtenção de órgãos para pesquisa é essencial para o estudo da neurobiologia da doença mental. Na comunidade científica internacional há uma demanda crescente para a disponibilização de tecido cerebral humano para estudos sobre a neurobiologia das doenças neuropsiquiátricas, com grande interesse no uso desses tecidos para a investigação dos processos biológicos básicos associados às doenças mentais. No cenário atual, entretanto, biobancos de tecido cerebral dedicados às doenças psiquiátricas são extremamente escassos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de doação de tecido cerebral para pesquisa por familiares de pessoas que cometeram suicídio MÉTODO: Foram incluídas solicitações para doação de encéfalo a familiares de indivíduos que cometeram suicídio com idade entre 18 a 60 anos cuja necropsia foi realizada entre março de 2014 e fevereiro de 2016. Foram excluídos casos com lesões no tecido cerebral devido a trauma na hora da morte. RESULTADOS: Tivemos acesso a 56 casos de suicídio. Destes, 24 estavam dentre os critérios de exclusão do projeto. Foram excluídos do estudo 11 casos por falta de responsáveis para assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Finalmente, dos 21 remanescentes, 9 responsáveis autorizaram a doação de tecido cerebral, em sete casos de fragmento de córtex e dois do encéfalo. CONCLUSÕES: As doações de tecido cerebral para pesquisa são indispensáveis para a elucidação de causas biológicas, e há uma escassez de material biológico disponível para a investigação do sistema nervoso central em doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Neste estudo demostra-se que a doação para pesquisa em nosso meio é possível, com uma proporção de consentimento similar àquela relatada em doenças neurodegenerativas. / INTRODUCTION: Obtaining organs for research is essential to study the neurobiology of mental illness. The international scientific community there is a growing demand for the availability of human brain tissue for studies of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, with great interest in the use of these tissues for investigation of basic biological processes associated with mental illness. In the current scenario, however, brain tissue biobanks dedicated to psychiatric disorders are extremely scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of brain tissue donation for research purposes by families of individuals that committed suicide. METHODS: All the requests for brain tissue donation for a brain biorepository made to the families of individuals aged 18-60 years that committed suicide between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Cases presenting with brain damage due to acute trauma were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-six suicide cases were reported. 24 fulfilled the exclusion criteria; 11 were excluded because no next of kin was found to sign the informed consent. Finally, of the 21 remaining cases, brain tissue donation was authorized in 9 - – 7 fragments of brain tissue and 2 the entire organ. CONCLUSIONS: The donation of brain tissue for research is essential for the elucidation of the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric illness. In the present study, we report the feasibility of brain tissue donation for research purposes. Moreover, that the rates of this sort of donation is similar to the rates reported for neurodegenerative diseases.
9

Le don d'organes : toujours plus! Toujours mieux ?Application de la théorie morale conséquentialiste à la pratique du prélèvement d'organes / Organ donation : always more ! Always better ?Application of consequentialist moral theory to organ donation process.

Nicolas-Robin, Armelle 15 January 2016 (has links)
La transplantation d'un organe peut s’avérer être le traitement de dernier recours en cas de dysfonctionnement terminal. Mais le nombre de greffons proposés à la transplantation ne suffit pas à satisfaire le nombre croissant de demandes. Des solutions alternatives sont proposées pour tenter de réduire cet écart. Certaines d'entre elles peuvent heurter les principes philosophiques fondateurs de cette activité médicale, qui constituent prioritairement le socle d'une éthique de conviction.Limité à la transmission d'un organe prélevé sur une personne décédée, ce travail de thèse propose une exploration raisonnée de certains éléments principiels, tels que le consentement, la gratuité et la "règle du donneur mort". Dans un second temps, il présente une lecture critique de certaines solutions nouvellement proposées, éclairée par une vision conforme à une éthique de responsabilité. / The organ transplantation may be the last treatment for terminal organ failure. But the number of available transplants is insufficient to meet increasing demand. Alternative solutions are proposed in an attempt to reduce the gap between the number of patients waiting for a transplant and the number of available transplants. Some of them may offend the philosophical principles of this medical practice, which establish the ethics of conviction.Limited to consideration to the transplantation of organs removed from deceased donors, this thesis first offers a reasoned exploration of some principled elements, such as consent, free transfer and the " dead donor rule ". Secondly, it presents a critical reading of some newly proposed solutions to reduce the gap, informed by a vision consistent with the ethics of responsibility.
10

Perfil, crenças, sentimentos e atitudes de familiares doadores e não-doadores de órgãos / Organ donor families and non-donor families attitudes, feelings, beliefs and profile

Moraes, Bianca Nascimento 17 April 2009 (has links)
A escassez de órgãos para transplante representa um problema mundial. No Brasil, apenas um sexto dos potenciais doadores que chegam às Unidades de Terapia Intensiva tornam-se doadores efetivos. A negativa das famílias representa o principal obstáculo para o processo de doação e transplante de órgãos. OBJETIVOS: Explorar os fatores associados com a decisão de doar entre as famílias de potenciais doadores de órgãos sólidos e correlacioná-los com a taxa de consentimento. MÉTODOS: No período de novembro de 2004 a maio de 2006, 243 famílias de potenciais doadores foram entrevistadas pela Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas para se manifestarem quanto à possibilidade de doação de órgãos. Após um ano do óbito, respeitando-se o luto, todas as famílias foram convocadas para uma nova entrevista, objeto do presente estudo. Para tanto, utilizou-se um questionário fechado com entrevista devidamente estruturada. Os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com auxílio do programa SPSS para Windows 13.0. Significância estatística foi assumida para o valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 56 familiares que concordaram em participar do projeto, 57% haviam concordado com a doação e 43% recusado. Entre outros fatores, gênero, etnia, escolaridade, renda e religião não influenciaram no processo de doação. Diferentes variáveis foram associadas à decisão de doar na análise bivariada, por exemplo: idade mais avançada do potencial doador (p=0,007), morte encefálica causada por doença (p=0,004), satisfação familiar com o profissionalismo da abordagem para doação (p=0,004), crenças funcionais como fazer o bem antecedentes à decisão (p=0,001), sentimento de conforto durante a abordagem da Organização de Procura de Órgãos (0,027), e opinião e atitude de maior peso no processo decisório foram dos descendentes ou colaterais do potencial doador (p=0,005). Porém na análise multivariada somente idade do potencial doador e opinião de maior peso no processo decisório emergiram como variáveis significativas correlacionadas positivamente com o consentimento da doação. CONCLUSÕES: Quando irmãos, tios ou filhos do potencial doador estão diretamente envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisão, normalmente o potencial doador tem idade mais avançada e a probabilidade de consentir a doação é estatisticamente maior. Aspectos que dificultam a aceitação da perda como: morte violenta; estreito vínculo afetivo; idade prematura; inversão da ordem natural, isto é, filho morrer antes dos pais; e principalmente negação da morte são fatores que também dificultam o consentimento para a doação de órgãos. Estratégias no campo da captação de órgãos devem ser aprimoradas e desenvolvidas visando uma abordagem cada vez mais humana e educativa para os coordenadores e membros das Organizações de Procura de Órgãos. / Organs transplant shortage is a global problem. In Brazil, only a sixth of potential donors who come to the Intensive Care Units become effective donors. The main obstacle to the organs donation and transplantation process is the refuse of families. OBJETIVES: to determine the donors profile, in order to understand which are the most determinant features related to positive or refuses donation decisions. METHODS: From November 2004 to May 2006, Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) approached 243 next-of-kin of brain-dead patients to ask about the organs donation from these potential donors. After a year, in respect for their mourning, all families were summoned to a new interview, object of this study. However, to assess the donors profile, a structured interview was used. The data was analyzed quantitatively. All statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software for Windows 13.0. Statistical Significance was assumed for the p < 0.05. RESULTS: 56 relatives (57% donors and 43% non-donors) participated in the study. This research observed that gender, ethnicity, education, income and religion did not influence the donation process. Different variables were associated with the donation decision in bivariate analysis, for example, older age of the potential donor (p=0,007), brain death caused by disease (p=0,004), family satisfaction with the professionalism of the approach to donation (p=0,004), functional beliefs as I must do well record the decision (p=0,001), feeling of comfort during the OPO approached (0,027) and relevant opinion and attitude in decision-making was collateral relative (sibling/uncle) or a son of the potential donor (p=0,005). Otherwise in multivariate analysis only the potential donor age and relevant opinion in decision-making emerged as positive significant variable correlated with the consent of the donation. CONCLUSIONS: When brothers, uncles or son of potential donors are involved directly in decision-making process, the potential donor is always older and the probability to consent donation is statistically higher. Aspects that make difficult to accept the loss as a violent death, strong emotional bond, early age, reversing natural order, like when a son die before their parents, and especially denial of death are factors that difficult the consent for organs donation. Strategies in the field of donation should be developed, aiming to improve human and educational levels for coordinators and members of OPO.

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