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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effekt av tocilizumab hos COVID-19 patienter

Haidari, Shegofa January 2021 (has links)
Svårt akut respiratoriskt syndromcoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) är det nya coronavirusetsom är tredje medlemmen i familjen humant coronavirus. Den elfte mars 2020förklarades SARS-CoV-2 som en pandemi av världshälsoorganisationen. Viruset harlett till betydande dödlighet, sjuklighet, belastning på hälso- och sjukvård och drabbatvärldsekonomin. Viruset orsakar sjukdomen coronavirussjukdom 2019 (COVID-19)som kan vara asymtomatisk eller mild infektion till multiorgansvikt, akutandningssyndrom och död. Frisättning av cytokiner och kemokiner inklusiveinterleukin-6 spelar en viktig roll vid försämringen av COVID-19-sjukdomen. Effektenav interleukin-6 kan hämmas av antikroppar som är riktade mot interleukin-6-receptorer. Tocilizumab är en rekombinant humaniserad monoklonal antikropp somhämmar interleukin-6 receptorer och har visat sig vara effektiv för behandling avcytokinfrisättningssyndrom. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om tocilizumabkan minska risken för dödlighet och sjukhusvistelser hos patienter med COVID-19.Detta arbete är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Artikelsökningar gjordes idatabasen PubMed den 2021-09-15 med filtret “Randomized Controlled Trial” medsökordet ”tocilizumab AND covid-19”. Sexton artiklar inträffades och tio artiklar somuppfyllde de samtliga inklusionskriterierna valdes ut. De utvalda artiklarna somuppfyllde de samtliga inklusionskriterierna visar varierande resultat. Majoriteten visaratt tocilizumab inte har någon signifikant effekt på att minska risken för dödlighet ochsjukhusvistelser hos COVID-19 patienter. Bedömningen är att detta resultat påverkadesav andra behandlingar bland annat glukokortikoid som användes av patienter understudiegång. Därför kan en ytterligare dubbelblind placebokontrollerad randomiseradstudie på större population vara nödvändig.
2

Biodegradable Polylactide-co-Glycolide-Chitosan Janus Nanoparticles for the Local Delivery of Multifaceted Drug Therapy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Chemoprevention

Bissonnette, Caroline January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
3

Uso de antirreumáticos en covid-19 desde la hidroxicloroquina hasta la anakinra pasando por tocilizumab y baricitinib: Una revisión de la literatura / Use of antirheumatic drugs in covid-19 from hydroxychloroquine to anakinra through tocilizumab and baricitinib: A review of the literature

Salas-Bolaños, Rosa Alejandra, Sevilla-Rodriguez, David Ezequiel, Arroyo-Sánchez, Abel Salvador 27 April 2021 (has links)
Actualmente nos encontramos en una pandemia mundial causada por el coronavirus 2019 o COVID–19, presentando diferentes desafíos para el sistema de salud debido a que no se cuenta aún con alguna vacuna ni con un tratamiento que haya demostrado su eficacia en totalidad, siendo el manejo actual preventivo y de soporte. Por lo que, en esta revisión se estudiará a los fármacos antirreumáticos más resaltantes que tengan un probable efecto farmacológico, como son la hidroxicloroquina, el tocilizumab, el anakinra y el baricitinib, frente al COVID–19. Se espera que brinde apoyo para futuros tratamientos e investigaciones sobre la enfermedad. / We are currently in a global pandemic caused by the coronavirus 2019 or COVID- 19, presenting different challenges for the health system due to the fact that there is still no vaccine or a treatment that has proven its effectiveness in its entirety, being the management current preventive and supportive. Therefore, this review will study the most prominent antirheumatic drugs that have a probable pharmacological effect, such as hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, anakinra and baricitinib, against COVID-19. It is expected that they will provide support for future treatments. and research on the disease.
4

Targeting interleukin-6 trans-signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Dahl, Rachel A. 01 May 2018 (has links)
Title: Inhibition of interleukin-6 trans-signaling by sgp130Fc is anti-tumorigenic in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly inflammatory cancer type, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with this phenotype. Elevated expression of IL-6 is linked to tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in HNSCC. However, targeting IL-6 or IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) has demonstrated little to no clinical efficacy. IL-6 signals through a classical signaling pathway via membrane IL-6R or a trans-signaling pathway via soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R). Recent evidence suggests that classical signaling induces acute, transient inflammation, eventually resulting in homeostasis; whereas trans-signaling may induce chronic, pro-tumorigenic inflammation. Therefore we propose that IL-6 trans-signaling is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype observed in HNSCC. We wanted to determine whether inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling by sgp130Fc would better demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy and increase HNSCC tumor response to radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy (cetuximab) compared to global IL-6 pathway inhibition. Method/Results: Baseline levels of IL-6, IL-6R, sIL-6R, and sgp130 proteins in HNSCC cells were determined using ELISA and flow cytometry. Cisplatin, radiation, and cetuximab treatments each induced HNSCC cell secretion of IL-6 and sIL-6R in vitro, yet adding sgp130Fc to those treatments did not further reduce clonogenic survival. Sgp130Fc treatment significantly suppressed SQ20B tumor growth in nude mice, whereas global IL-6 pathway inhibition by IL-6R antagonist tocilizumab did not; however, cetuximab reduced the efficacy of sgp130Fc in this animal model. Sgp130Fc also sensitized SQ20B xenograft tumors to radiation and chemotherapy in nude mice and suppressed SCCVII tumor growth in male but not female C3H/HeJ mice. Conclusion: Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling by sgp130Fc displayed significant anti-tumor effects as a single therapy and sensitized resistant HNSCC tumors to radiation and chemotherapy in vivo; however, sgp130Fc did not reduce survival of HNSCC cells in vitro. These results suggest that the efficacy of sgp130Fc relies on targeting another part of the microenvironment instead of tumor cells directly. Sgp130Fc has promise both as a single therapy and potentially as combined therapy with radiation and chemotherapy in HNSCC.
5

Effekten och säkerheten av Tocilizumab-monoterapi vid Reumatoid Artrit

Nilsson, Rebecca January 2015 (has links)
Reumatoid artrit (RA) är en kronisk inflammationssjukdom som symmetriskt drabbar kroppens leder och går i skov. En inflammationsprocess uppstår i synovialmembranet (ledhinnan) som börjar förtjockas och utsöndra ett exsudat till synovialvätskan, Exsudatet innehåller mycket erosiva inflammatoriska molekyler, inklusive cytokinerna TNF, IL-1 (interleukin) pch IL-6. De onormala cytokinkoncentrationerna förstör med tiden leden. Detta leder till leddeformationer, smärta och stelhet. Sjukdomen involverar även andra organ än enbart rörelseapparaten. RA drabbar strax under 1% av befolkningen, varav kvinnor är överrepresenterade. Diagnosen av RA kan vara mycket svår att ställa eftersom sjukdomen saknar ett enskilt laboratorietest eller ett standardiserat mätinstrument som korrelerar till sjukdomsaktivitet. Till följd därav används mätinstrument av sammanslagan parametrar för att utvärdera sjukdomen. Methotrexat (MTX) räknas som förstahandspreparat vid RA och kombineras standarsdmässigt med biologiska läkemedel, vid svårare sjukdomsförlopp. Det anses att biologisk kombinationsterapi är nödvändig för maximal behandlingseffekt, emellertid visar kliniska behandlingsregister att 1/3 av RA-patienter förskrivs biologisk monoterapi. Kombinationsterapi kan även orsaka mer biverkningar och försämrad följsamhet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka effekten och säkerheten av receptorantagonisten Tocilizumab (TCZ) med avseende på onoterapi vid RA. Arbetet är en litteraturstudie som genomförts genom sökningar i PubMed. Totalt lästes 7 artiklar i fulltext, varav 5 inkluderades i studieanalysen. Utifrån de primära effektmåtten i artiklarna, visade TCZ-monoterapi en signifikant behandlingsskillnad hos RA patienter med medelhög till hög sjukdomsaktivitet. Resultatet visar ingen bättre behandlingseffekt av att kombinera MTX med TCZ jämfört med monoterapi. TCZ-monoterapi hämmar även strukturella ledskador. TCZ-monoterapi anses som en säker och generellt tolererbar behandling.
6

Tratamiento con Tocilizumab en COVID-19 crítico: Reporte de un centro hospitalario [Breve] / Tocilizumab treatment in critical COVID-19: Report from a hospital center

Hueda Zavaleta, Miguel, Bardales Silva, Fabrizzio, Copaja Corzo, Cesar, Flores Palacios, Rodrigo, Barreto Rocchetti, Luis, Córdova Tejada, Eyner 19 August 2021 (has links)
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se evaluaron las características clínicas y laboratoriales en la evolución de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) secundario a infección por SARS-CoV-2 y que recibieron Tocilizumab. Veinticuatro pacientes recibieron Tocilizumab, la mayoría eran varones (95,8 %), la comorbilidad más frecuente fue obesidad (33,3 %), al momento de recibir Tocilizumab la mediana de PaO2/FiO2 fue 159,5 (RIC 114,5-255,3). Veintiún (87,5 %) pacientes presentaron mejoría clínica y 3 (12,5 %) fallecieron. Quince pacientes (62,5 %) desarrollaron hepatotoxicidad, la mayoría de grado 3 (33,3 %) y tres (12,5 %) pacientes presentaron injuria hepática grado 4. Once pacientes (45,8 %) presentaron sobreinfección bacteriana, siendo el germen más frecuente Acinetobacter baumannii. Luego de la administración de Tocilizumab más de la mitad de los pacientes presentó una reacción adversa, a pesar de ello la mortalidad fue baja y la mayoría tuvo una mejora clínica. / A descriptive study was carried out, in which clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated in patients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection and who received Tocilizumab. Twentyfour patients received Tocilizumab, the majority were male (95.8%), the most frequent comorbidity was obesity (33.3%). At the time of receiving Tocilizumab the median PAO2 / FiO2 was 159.5 (IQR 114.5-255, 3). Twenty-one (87.5%) patients presented clinical improvement and 3 (12.5%) died. Fifteen patients (62.5%) developed hepatotoxicity, the majority grade 3 (33.3%) and three (12.5%) patients presented grade 4 liver injury. Eleven patients (45.8%) presented bacterial superinfection, the more common organism being Acinetobacter baumannii. After the administration of Tocilizumab, more than half of the patients presented an adverse reaction; despite this, mortality was low, and the majority had a clinical improvement.
7

Évaluation de stratégies ciblant les récepteurs de l’IL-1 et de l’IL-6 pour la résolution des paramètres du Syndrome de Détresse Respiratoire Aiguë (SDRA) dans un modèle murin de lésions pulmonaires aiguës

Meunier, Émilie 08 1900 (has links)
Le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) est une forme sévère de défaillance respiratoire qui se caractérise par la présence de dommages alvéolaires, d’un oedème pulmonaire et d’une réponse inflammatoire exacerbée. C’est une condition pour laquelle il n’existe à ce jour aucun traitement pharmacologique efficace. Lors des dernières années, des antagonistes des récepteurs de l’IL-1 (Kineret) et de l’IL-6 (tocilizumab) ont fait preuve d’une efficacité modérée pour le traitement du SDRA causé par la COVID-19. Cependant, leur potentiel thérapeutique en SDRA clinique non causé par la COVID reste à démontrer et les résultats obtenus dans les modèles animaux sont mitigés. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que le tocilizumab et le Kineret pourraient améliorer la résolution des différents paramètres du SDRA non causé par la COVID-19. Nous avons aussi posé l’hypothèse que des peptides, antagonistes des récepteurs de l’IL-1 (rytvela) ou de l’IL- 6 (HSJ633) et permettant de préserver certaines voies aux propriétés cytoprotectrices en aval de ces récepteurs, pourraient potentiellement être plus efficaces que le Kineret et le tocilizumab pour le traitement des paramètres du SDRA. L’objectif de ma maîtrise était donc de tester ces deux hypothèses dans un modèle murin d’atteinte pulmonaire aiguë (ALI) induite par la bléomycine, qui mime pendant sa phase aiguë les principaux paramètres du SDRA. Mes travaux montrent qu’aucun des quatre antagonistes n’a permis d’améliorer significativement les paramètres observés à jour 7 post-bléomycine (état général, dommages alvéolaires, oedème et inflammation pulmonaire). Ainsi, mes données suggèrent que dans notre modèle d’ALI induit par la bléomycine, la réponse inflammatoire induite via le IL-1R ou le IL-6R ne semble pas constituer un des mécanismes principaux engendrant les différentes atteintes, puisqu’elles ne sont pas prévenues par les antagonistes de ces récepteurs. En plus de contribuer à mieux comprendre ce modèle animal, mes résultats permettent de mettre en lumière que la réparation des dommages ainsi que la résorption secondaire de l’oedème sont cruciales pour la résolution du SDRA et que de viser seulement la voie inflammatoire est insuffisant. / Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of severe lung failure characterized by the presence of a pulmonary edema, an inflammatory response, and alveolar damage. There is currently no effective pharmacological treatment for ARDS. In recent years, IL-1 and IL-6 receptor antagonists Kinerert and tocilizumab, respectively, have shown some efficacy as a treatment of ARDS caused by COVID-19. However, their therapeutic potential in non-COVID ARDS remains to be proven and the results obtained in animal models are conflicting. We thus tested the hypothesis that tocilizumab and Kineret could improve the resolution of key parameters of non-COVID ARDS. We also hypothesized that two peptides, rytvela and HSJ633, IL-1 and IL-6 receptor antagonists, respectively, which preserve some of the cytoprotective downstream pathways, could potentially be more effective than Kineret and tocilizumab in treating the various parameters of ARDS. The goal of my master thesis was therefore to test these two hypotheses in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by bleomycin instillation, which, during its acute phase, mimics the main parameters of ARDS. My work has shown that none of the antagonists were able to significantly improve the parameters observed on day 7 post-bleomycin (general condition of the mice, alveolar damages, pulmonary edema and inflammation). Thus, my data suggest that in our bleomycin-induced ALI model, the inflammatory response triggered via IL-1R or IL-6R does not appear to be the principal mechanism generating the main damaging outcome, since they are not prevented by the antagonists of these receptors. In addition to contributing to a better understanding of this animal model of ALI, my research has highlighted the fact that targeting inflammation alone is insufficient and that repairing alveolar damages, and secondary resorbing lung edema, are cornerstones for the resolution of ARDS.

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