Sweden has a complete public oral hygiene system while there are still problems existing on young people which are caused by their individual habits. In the research, the main reason was found having connections with lack of daily tooth brushing. With the development design for behavior change, this research was trying to find how design can change when it was related to young people’s oral care behavior at home. As a result, a service design concluding a reward system was put forward to motivate young people to maintain a good tooth brushing habit.

In a cross-sectional study the extent and distribution of dental caries was studied in 817 children, 4, 8 and 13 years old in three areas inSweden. The importance of dietary habits, sugar intake, social conditions, professional dental care, oral hygiene and the use of fluorides on caries prevalence was analyzed. In a subsample, con­sisting of 88 8-year-olds and 91 13-year-olds the net caries increment during aone-year period was studied.In this longitudinal study, the salivary levels of lactobacllli and S. mutans were determined and correlated to sugar intake and caries increment. The cross-sectional study showed obvious differences in caries preva­lence among the studied areas. These differences could mainly be explained by variations in the age from which children had received professional dental care, frequency of tooth-brushing and the use of topical fluorides. There were no differences in dietary habits or sugar intake that could explain the differences in caries prevalence among the areas studied. Examples are given of how changes in some determinants may affect the caries prevalence by means of path analysis. The longitudinal study showed that caries Increment was higher when sugar intake and meal frequency were high (&gt; the mean value for the age group). The highest mean caries increment was found in children with high prevalence of lactobacllli and S. mutans in the saliva combined with a high sugar intake. Groups of children with high salivary levels of both Iactobac ì II i and S. mutans developed 3-4 times more caries than other children. This relation did not always exist in the Individual case. Children with a low caries Increment during one year (0-2 surfaces) brushed their teeth more often and rinsed their mouths more frequently with fluoride solution than children with a high caries increment (&gt; 3 surfaces). The use of fluoridated toothpaste was somewhat more common, however, in the low carles increment group only in the.8-year-oIds. The gingival status was used as a measure of oral hygiene and gingivitis scores revealed statistically significant differences between groups with a low caries increment and a high carles increment (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.05) in the two age groups, respectively. With the variables frequency of meals, total sugar intake, salivary level of lactobacilli and S. mutans, oral hygiene and use of topical fluorides the net caries increment during one year could be correctly predicted in 79 % of the 8-year-olds and 81 % of the 13-year-olds when the children were divided Into two groups according to their net car­ies increment; 0-2 surfaces and &gt; 3 surfaces. / <p>S. 1-43: sammanfattning, s. 45-116: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el potencial de hidrógeno y el grado abrasivo de las pastas dentales post-blanqueamiento. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue experimental in vitro. La unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por un fragmento de pasta dental indicada post-blanqueamiento. La muestra fue conformada por 28 fragmentos de pastas dentales dividida en 7 grupos (n=4), a los cuales se evaluó el potencial de hidrógeno a través de un pH metro electrónico (Hanna® HI2221-01, USA) durante 10 minutos. Para ello, se depositaron 20gr de pasta dental en su estado original en un vaso beacker. Asimismo, para determinar el grado abrasivo se empleó la clasificación de la relatividad abrasiva de la dentina (RDA) obtenido de la ficha técnica del producto de las pastas dentales indicadas post-blanqueamiento. Para comparar los valores de pH se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis (p<0,05). Resultados: Las medias registradas para la pasta dental con el pH más alcalino fue 8.315 ±0.05 (Sensodyne® blanqueadora) y 5.86 ±0.02 el más ácido (Vitis® Sensible). En relación al grado abrasivo, la pasta Oral B® Pro Salud obtuvo el valor más alto (140), y la pasta Vitis® sensible el más bajo (40). Conclusiones: En la evaluación, la pasta dental con pH más ácido resultó ser la Vitis sensible con 5.86; mientras que la pasta con valor de grado abrasivo alto fue la Oral B Pro salud con un RDA de 140. / Objective: To evaluate in vitro the potential of hydrogen and the abrasive degree of post-whitening toothpastes. Materials and methods: The study design was experimental in vitro. The analysis unit consisted of a fragment of toothpaste indicated post-whitening. The sample was made up of 28 toothpaste fragments divided into 7 groups (n = 4), to which the hydrogen potential was evaluated through an electronic pH meter (Hanna® HI2221-01, USA) for 10 minutes. To do this, 20gr of toothpaste in its original state was placed in a beacker glass. Likewise, to determine the abrasive degree, the classification of the abrasive relativity of dentin (RDA) obtained from the technical data sheet of the toothpaste product indicated after bleaching was used. To compare the pH values, check the Kruskal Wallis test (p <0.05). Results: The means registered for toothpaste with the most alkaline pH were 8,315 ± 0.05 (Sensodyne® whitening) and 5.86 ± 0.02 at the most acidic (Vitis® Sensitive). A statistically significant difference (p <0.05) was considered in the comparison of these. In the evaluation of abrasive degree, the Oral B® Pro Salud paste obtained the highest value (140), and the sensitive Vitis® paste the lowest (40). Conclusions: In the evaluation, the toothpaste with the most acidic pH proved to be sensitive Vitis with 5.86; while the paste with a high abrasive grade value was Oral B Pro health with 140 RDA. / Tesis