Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) can be defined as the loss of dental hard tissue near the cemento-enamel junction without bacterial involvement. Abrasion, erosion and abfraction have been mentioned as common etiological factors of NCCLs. Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure due to friction by materials such as toothbrushes or abrasives in toothpaste. In contrast, dental erosion is the loss of tooth structure driven by acids. Abfraction, on the other hand, starts due to the weakening of the tooth structure in areas of concentrated stress as a result of cuspal flexure from heavy and repeated occlusal loading, which progresses to dental hard-tissue loss. Purpose: The present study focused on the abrasion aspect of NCCLs. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the influence of dentifrice abrasivity and toothbrush stiffness on the development of NCCLs in vitro Hypothesis: NCCL development is affected by both the abrasive level of the dentifrice and the stiffness of the toothbrush, as well as their interaction. Materials and Methods: A total of 288 extracted human upper first premolars, free of any dental caries and root defects, were selected. The teeth were be cleaned with a hand periodontal scaler and randomly assigned into twelve groups (total of 24 teeth/group). Specimens were brushed in an automated toothbrushing machine, using simulated toothpaste slurries of varying abrasivity and toothbrushes of varying stiffness. This study examined three experimental factors: 1. Toothpaste abrasivity, at four levels: high, medium, low, and non-abrasive slurry (as negative control); 2. Toothbrush stiffness, at three levels: soft, medium, and hard; 3. Toothbrushing cycles at three levels: baseline, 35k, and 65k strokes. Specimens were analyzed by optical profilometry at baseline and after each brushing level. The response variable was the dentin volumetric loss, in mm3. All toothbrushes caused significantly higher tooth wear when associated to the high abrasive slurry, compared to medium- and low-abrasive slurries. Medium- caused more tooth wear than low-abrasive slurry, which in turn led to more tooth wear than the control. Hard and medium toothbrushes were not significantly different, but both caused significantly higher volumetric loss than Soft toothbrushes. There were no differences among toothbrushes, when used with the non-abrasive (control) and low- abrasive slurries. Overall, 35k strokes resulted in significantly less tooth volumetric loss than 65k.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação de escovas dentais por Streptococcus grupo mutans e a ocorrência de infecção cruzada por Streptococcus mutans após armazenagem conjunta das mesmas. A amostra foi composta de 46 crianças de 6 a 7 anos de idade divididas em Grupo A com 22 e Grupo B com 24 alunos, de acordo com a sala de aula que freqüentavam. As amostras de biofilme obtidas da cavidade bucal das crianças no início do estudo e o biofilme das escovas dentais das crianças que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente, foram recolhidas após 21 dias e cultivadas sob condições adequadas em meio de cultura SB20. Em cada escova foram isoladas UFC com morfologia típica, as quais foram identificadas por meio de testes bioquímicos e o polimorfismo genético foi detectado pela técnica de AP-PCR. Pode-se observar 94 UFC de Streptococcus mutans isoladas a partir das escovas dentais. O crescimento bacteriano ocorreu em 14 escovas dentais, sendo que 6 escovas pertenciam às crianças do Grupo A, e 8 às crianças do Grupo B. Dos microrganismos encontrados nas escovas dentais, 83,92% eram Streptococcus mutans. Todos os isolados apresentaram perfil genético distinto, com exceção de 4 e 3 amostras dos Grupo A e B respectivamente, os quais pertenciam a mesma escova dental. Pode-se concluir que dos microrganismos encontrados, ocorreu maior prevalência de colonização por Streptococcus mutans nas crianças e escovas analisadas, não havendo evidência de que a armazenagem conjunta de escovas dentais pode ser um veículo para infecção cruzada por este microrganismo. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of toothbrushes by mutans streptococci and cross-section infection of Streptococcus mutans. Forty-six children aged from 6 and 7 years were divided into two groups, Group A with 22 children and Group B with 24, according to attending class. A dental plaque sample from each participant was collected at the beginning of the study and the plaque present in toothbrushes was collected after 21 days. The samples were processed and cultivated under adequate conditions in SB20 medium. Typical morphotype mutans streptococci colonies were isolated and submitted to bioquimical tests for identification. An arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method was performed for genotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans. Fourteen toothbrushes were contaminated by mutans streptococci, 6 in Group A and 8 in Group B. Streptococcus mutans represented 83,92% of the mutans streptococci identified. The presence of matching genotypes of Streptococcus mutans has occurred in 4 strains of Group A and in 3 strains of Group B. However, for both groups, the matching genotypes belonged to the same toothbrush. In conclusion, Streptococcus mutans was the predominant specie in both dental plaque and toothbrush. The latter did not represent a source of cross-sectional infection of such microorganism. / Orientador: Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon / Coorientador: Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio / Banca: Josimeri Hebling / Banca: Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo / Mestre

Klinische Studie zur Überprüfung der Effektivität verschiedener Zahnbürsten im Rahmen der Initialbehandlung parodontal erkrankter Patienten Hintergrund: Parodontitis ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des gesamten Zahnhalteapparates. Mit einer Prävalenz von ca. 30 Prozent ist sie in der zweiten Lebenshälfte die häufigste Ursache für Zahnverlust. Die Studie hatte das Ziel, die Effektivität und klinische Relevanz unterschiedlicher Zahnbürsten während der Initialbehandlung parodontal erkrankter Patienten zu überprüfen. Methode: 72 an mittelschwerer Parodontitis erkrankte Probanden nahmen an der dreimona-tigen klinischen Studie teil. Durch Randomisierung wurden drei gleichwertige Gruppen ge-bildet, in denen jeweils ein anderes Zahnbürstensystem der Marke Oral B® überprüft wurde. Gruppe 1 nutzte die rotierend-oszillierende Zahnbürste Professional Care 3000, Gruppe 2 das schallaktive System Sonic Complete™ und Gruppe 3 die Handzahnbürste Indicator 35®. Zu Beginn der Untersuchung wurde bei allen Patienten eine supragingivale PZR durchgeführt. In dieser Sitzung, nach vier und weiteren acht Wochen wurden folgende Indizes und Parameter bestimmt: PBI, QHI, Sondierungstiefen, Rezessionen, BOP und eine mikrobiologische Diagnostik durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: An der durchgeführten Studie nahmen 72 Probanden im Alter zwischen 37 und 78 Jahren teil. Dabei handelte es sich jeweils um 36 männliche und weibliche Personen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 55,7 ± 10,2 Jahren. Nahezu alle klinischen Parameter, mit Ausnahme der Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologischen Diagnostik, zeigten Veränderungen, die vom verwendeten Zahnbürstentyp abhingen. Alle drei Zahnbürstentechnologien führten zu Verbesserungen der klinischen Ausgangssituation. Die Veränderungen des Plaqueindex bestätigen die Annahme, dass schallaktive Bürsten keine Dominanz in der Plaqueentfernung gegenüber den rotierend-oszillierenden Systemen zeigen. Die aufgestellte Hypothese, dass elektrische Zahnbürsten zu besseren klinischen Situationen führen als Handzahnbürsten, kann bewiesen werden. Die Vermutung, schallaktive Bürsten könnten das subgingivale mikrobielle Milieu positiv beeinflussen, wurde widerlegt. Schlussfolgerungen: Die gewonnen Ergebnisse heben hervor, dass sich elektrische Putzsys-teme zur Parodontitisprävention besser eignen als Handzahnbürsten. Eine Unterweisung in den richtigen Umgang mit den jeweiligen Zahnbürsten sollte in Zukunft noch häufiger in den Vordergrund treten.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guimaraes_ms_me_arafo.pdf: 826616 bytes, checksum: 7cdce1b8e753b244b7bf0f3a856c6f0f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação de escovas dentais por Streptococcus grupo mutans e a ocorrência de infecção cruzada por Streptococcus mutans após armazenagem conjunta das mesmas. A amostra foi composta de 46 crianças de 6 a 7 anos de idade divididas em Grupo A com 22 e Grupo B com 24 alunos, de acordo com a sala de aula que freqüentavam. As amostras de biofilme obtidas da cavidade bucal das crianças no início do estudo e o biofilme das escovas dentais das crianças que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente, foram recolhidas após 21 dias e cultivadas sob condições adequadas em meio de cultura SB20. Em cada escova foram isoladas UFC com morfologia típica, as quais foram identificadas por meio de testes bioquímicos e o polimorfismo genético foi detectado pela técnica de AP-PCR. Pode-se observar 94 UFC de Streptococcus mutans isoladas a partir das escovas dentais. O crescimento bacteriano ocorreu em 14 escovas dentais, sendo que 6 escovas pertenciam às crianças do Grupo A, e 8 às crianças do Grupo B. Dos microrganismos encontrados nas escovas dentais, 83,92% eram Streptococcus mutans. Todos os isolados apresentaram perfil genético distinto, com exceção de 4 e 3 amostras dos Grupo A e B respectivamente, os quais pertenciam a mesma escova dental. Pode-se concluir que dos microrganismos encontrados, ocorreu maior prevalência de colonização por Streptococcus mutans nas crianças e escovas analisadas, não havendo evidência de que a armazenagem conjunta de escovas dentais pode ser um veículo para infecção cruzada por este microrganismo. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of toothbrushes by mutans streptococci and cross-section infection of Streptococcus mutans. Forty-six children aged from 6 and 7 years were divided into two groups, Group A with 22 children and Group B with 24, according to attending class. A dental plaque sample from each participant was collected at the beginning of the study and the plaque present in toothbrushes was collected after 21 days. The samples were processed and cultivated under adequate conditions in SB20 medium. Typical morphotype mutans streptococci colonies were isolated and submitted to bioquimical tests for identification. An arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method was performed for genotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans. Fourteen toothbrushes were contaminated by mutans streptococci, 6 in Group A and 8 in Group B. Streptococcus mutans represented 83,92% of the mutans streptococci identified. The presence of matching genotypes of Streptococcus mutans has occurred in 4 strains of Group A and in 3 strains of Group B. However, for both groups, the matching genotypes belonged to the same toothbrush. In conclusion, Streptococcus mutans was the predominant specie in both dental plaque and toothbrush. The latter did not represent a source of cross-sectional infection of such microorganism.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to evaluate current marketing strategy of the Curaprox brand on the Czech market and to suggest appropriate improvements. At first the theoretical basis of brand strategy is defined. It goes mainly about brand function, brand identity and brand equity. The theory is completed with detailed description for each element of marketing mix. To achieve the main objective there were both primary and secondary data collected. The primary data were obtained by conducting of field research and consumer survey. Based on data acquired the whole toothbrushes market in Czech republic was analyzed and the key factors of Curaprox market performance were characterized. In the conclusion several recommendations for future were proposed to use the brand potential even more and take chance of the opportunities still available on the market.

Gesundheitspolitische Bestrebungen haben im Bereich der zahnmedizinischen Prophylaxe unter anderem die Förderung der häuslichen Mundhygiene sowie Programme zur Kariesprophylaxe bei Risikogruppen im Rahmen der Gruppenprophylaxe zum Ziel. Daher wurden in zwei Studien unterschiedliche Programme zur Betreuung von Kariesrisikokindern untersucht. In drei weiteren Studien wurde die Wirksamkeit neu entwickelter manueller und elektrischer Zahnbürsten im Rahmen der häuslichen Mundhygiene untersucht. ·Studien zur Betreuung von Kariesrisikokindern a)Ein individualisiertes Programm mit vierteljährlich durchgeführten professionellen Zahnreinigungen und der Anwendung eines niedrig dosierten Fluoridlackes (0,1% Fluorid) zeigte nach zwei Jahren im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe keinen kariesprophylaktischen Effekt. Die Kinder waren zu Beginn neun Jahre alt. Die Maßnahmen fanden in der Zahnklinik statt. b)Bei Grundschülern ergab eine zweimal jährlich durchgeführte Touchierung der Zähne mit einem Lack mit 2,26% Fluorid eine Kariesreduktion von 37% (p / In these days, politics is aimed at enhancing dental prophylaxis by supporting non professional oral hygiene measures. In addition, special programs are promoted which focus on caries prevention in high risk groups as part of dental group prophylaxis. In two studies, therefore, the effectiveness of different programs for caries risk-children was examined. In three other studies, the effectiveness of newly developed manual and electrical toothbrushes was tested. ·Caries risk studies a)An individualized program with professional toothcleaning and the application of a low dose fluoride varnish (0.1% fluoride) was performed four times a year. After two years of implementation this program did not show a caries preventive effect when compared to a control group. b)In primary school children a high dose fluoride varnish (2.26% fluoride) was applicated two times a year over a period of four years. This was done in the school within the group prophylaxis. This measure resulted in a 37% caries reduction (p

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zwei neuartige elektrische Zahnbürsten (Braun Oral-B 3D Excel & Cybersonic 2) mit einer Handzahnbürste (Elmex 29) in ihrer klinischen Effizienz bei der Reduktion von Plaque und Gingivitis zu vergleichen. 120 Probanden, deren Mundhygiene Verbesserungspotenzial aufwies, nahmen an der Studie teil, die einem untersucherblinden Parallel-Design folgte. Die Probanden wurden den Testzahnbürsten entsprechend randomisiert auf drei Gruppen verteilt. Nach der Screening-Untersuchung erhielt jeder Teilnehmer eine professionelle Zahnreinigung. Während der Baseline-Untersuchung erfolgte die Objektivierung des Mundhygieneniveaus der Probanden mittels Indizes für den Plaquebefall (QHI, API) und den Entzündungsgrad der Gingiva (PBI). Anschließend verwendeten die Probanden die jeweilige Testbürste acht Wochen lang zweimal täglich für zwei Minuten im Hausgebrauch. Das Mundhygieneniveau der Teilnehmer wurde in einer Zwischenuntersuchung nach vier Wochen und einer Abschlussuntersuchung nach acht Wochen mittels der drei Indizes (QHI, API, PBI) reevaluiert. Die statistische Auswertung zeigte, dass nach vier und acht Wochen, alle Indizes betreffend, die Anwendung beider elektrischer Bürsten in Verbesserungen resultierte, die den Ergebnissen der Handzahnbürste statistisch signifikant überlegen waren (p < 0,001). Die Cybersonic 2 war der Braun Oral-B 3D Excel im Hinblick auf die approximale Plaquereduktion nach acht Wochen (p < 0,05) sowie die Gingivititsreduktion nach vier und acht Wochen unterlegen (p < 0,01). Man kann schlussfolgern, dass Braun Oral-B 3D Excel und Cybersonic 2 Plaque und Gingivitis effektiver als eine manuelle Zahnbürste reduzieren können. / It was the objective of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of two new power toothbrushes (Braun Oral-B 3D Excel & Cybersonic 2) and one manual toothbrush (Elmex 29) in reducing plaque and preventing gingivitis. 120 subjects, whose dental hygiene was open to improvement, took part in the examiner-blind parallel study. Corresponding to the testbrushes they were randomly assigned to three groups. After screening, each participant got a professional tooth cleaning. Four weeks later, at baseline, two plaque indices (QHI, API) and one gingivitis index (PBI) were recorded. Thereafter the subjects used the assigned toothbrushes eight weeks two times a day for two minutes each. The level of dental hygiene was re-evaluated after four and eight weeks. Statistical analysis revealed that all indices showed statistically significant reductions for both power toothbrushes which were superior to the manual brush (p < 0,001). Braun Oral-B 3D Excel was superior to Cybersonic 2 with respect to reduction of approximal plaque after eight weeks (p < 0.05) and reduction of gingivitis after four and eight weeks (p < 0,01). One can conclude that Braun Oral-B 3D Excel and Cybersonic 2 may be more efficacious than a manual toothbrush in removing plaque and preventing gingivitis.

Die Handzahnbürste gilt seit Jahrhunderten als das Instrument zur mechanischen Reinigung von Zähnen. Sie kommt mehrmals täglich mit der Mundflora in Kontakt und ist somit potenzieller Träger verschiedenster humanpathogener Mikroorganismen. In einer In-vitro-Studie kontaminierten wir zwei Handzahnbürsten mit unterschiedlicher Borstenhärte (Dr. BEST Flex Plus mittel und hart) mit zwei etablierten Leitkeimen (Streptococcus mutans und Staphylococcus aureus). Vier verschiedene Dekontaminationsmethoden (24 -stündige Lufttrocknung, 0,2%ige CHX-Lösung, 0,2%iges CHX-Spray, UV-Ofen VIOlight) wurden anschließend verglichen und statistisch ausgewertet. Wir konnten nachweisen, dass die Borstenhärte nur je nach untersuchtem Bakterium einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Keimbesiedlung des Borstenfeldes hat (nur bei Staphylococcus aureus). Eine zusätzliche Anwendung einer Dekontaminationsmethode zur reinen Lufttrocknung führte immer zu einer weiteren Bakterienreduktion auf dem Borstenfeld. Die Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht zeigte den größten Einfluss auf die Keimbesiedlung bei Zahnbürsten (mittel und hart), welche mit dem Bakterium Streptococcus mutans kontaminiert wurden, sowie bei den mit Streptococcus aureus kontaminierten Zahnbürsten mit harten Borsten. Die Methoden mit dem Wirkstoff CHX führten bei den Zahnbürsten mit mittlerer Borstanhärte und der Kontamination mit Straphylococcus aureus zur stärksten Bakterienreduzierung.