This diploma thesis deals with the issue of Czech underground culture in 80ies and 90ies. It submits the explanation of the term underground, then its periodization and political and social context. There are introduced three monographies of writers which were chosen, Egon Bondy, Ivan Martin Jirous and Jáchym Topol. The main attention is especially paid to these three authors. The meaning of this diploma thesis in all cases is to compare one book which was written before the velvet revolution with one written after that and then highlight or refer the changes and remains in their creations.

This thesis is dealing with the work of the dramaturge, translator and the theatre theorist Karel Kraus (1920 - 2014). The activity of this author is presented gradually with an accent on the chronology and domains of his production, as well as on the most significant subjects in his works. The main purpose of this thesis is to characterize and summarize Kraus's work as a whole unit. And there are primary sources (writings of Kraus) which are used to accomplish this intention. While the unit of Kraus's works is described step by step, we are also getting familiarized with his way of writing and his attitude. The thesis is extended of a supplement which consists of the bibliography of the essays and articles by Karel Kraus in the period from 2000 to 2014.

Forest coppice biomass, fast growing short rotation coppice (SRC) trees such as willows (Salix) and poplar (Populus) have a substantial potential of storing carbon (C), and has been considered as a sustainable source of woody dry mass. Woody dry mass production, energy efficiency and economic profitability of poplar are important and essential to be studied in Czech Republic. The aim of this PhD thesis was to predict standing woody dry mass, maximize the productivity and quantify the determinants of poplar clone J-105 (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii) under short rotation coppice (SRC) management on former arable in Czech Republic. This PhD study was carried out in Domanínek, Czech Republic (49°31´N, 16°14´E and 530 m a.s.l.). Plantations were established in high density (9,216 trees ha-1) with single stem hardwood cuttings for verification purposes and to test the performance of poplar clone J-105 on former arable land. The plantations were harvested above 15-20 cm from base in winter 2008/2009 (established in April 2001) and 2009/2010 (established in April 2002). In this thesis, short rotation woody coppice (SRWC) plantations are mentioned as SRWC1 (coppice established in 2009) and SRWC2 (coppice established in 2010), respectively. In spring 2009, SRWC1 was divided into four randomized blocks and treated with three different fertilizers such as minerals [Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)], sewage sludge and ash, lime and control (without any treatment of fertilizer). In the plantation SRWC2, no further (at beginning of second rotation-coppice) fertilizer treatment was applied. For the prediction of standing aboveground woody dry mass (AGWDM) in fertilizer treatments and control, allometric equations were developed. The allometric equations thus developed may be considered robust and site specific for poplar clone J-105. After the successful development of allometric equations standing annual AGWDM was estimated followed by annual inventory at the end of each growing season. There were no significant differences observed in allometric equations for AGWDM among the fertilizer treatments (including control) within the year over four years of study from 2011-2014. This experiment was repeated in plantation SRWC2, for which the allometric equation was developed separately, for the purpose of allocation of the aboveground and belowground woody dry mass (BGWDM) at the same site. In this plantation for estimation of AGWDM, allometric equation was developed in 2011 (after two years of plant growth in coppice) and for BGWDM, the equation was developed in 2014 (after more than four years of plant growth in coppice). In SRWC2 plantation, dynamics of annual and cumulative above and belowground woody dry mass were estimated over four years from 2011-2014, where average AGWDM were observed from 8.29 to 11.02 t ha-1 year-1 and average annual BGWDM varied between 2.50 to 3.02 t ha-1 year-1. Growth and wood production mainly depend on photosynthetic area and light efficiency. Therefore, leaf area development including leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) was studied to find a suitable determinant for aboveground woody dry mass production. In the results, maximum leaf area index LAImax was observed to be 9.5 after four years of plant growth in coppice, maximum number of LAD was 185 days after two years of plant growth in coppice and maximum RUE was observed to be 1.3 gMJ-1 in GS4 (growing season four) after four years of plant growth in coppice. LAI and LAD showed a strong positive correlation for AGWDM (R2 values ~1) while RUE showed a moderate positive correlation with AGWDM, where R2=0.50 (p=0.52). This implies that AGWDM is strongly dependent on LAI and LAD. To conclude a robust and site specific allometric equation was developed for poplar clone J-105 and also, this study confirmed that, there was no significant impact of fertilizers for maximizing the AGWDM production on former arable land. For determinants of AGWDM, it confirmed that LAI, LAD and RUE could be a good and reliable predictor of standing AGWDM in SRC poplar clone J-105 on former arable land.

The main aim of this thesis is evaluation of the growth of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and nursery woody species at initial stage of regeneration on calamity originated clear-cut. For this purpose were established experimental areas TVP Rakovec (ŠLP Křtiny) and TVP Tornádo (LČR LS Albrechtice city). These areas have been divided into smaller plots, where the regeneration of European silver fir was carried out concurrently with regeneration of White birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) in spring 2014 and autumn 2015. The growth of European silver fir and nursery woody species was evaluated according to the height, diameter of root crown and mortality. In area of TVP Tornado the most successful manner was concurrent regeneration with birch, under which fir reached average height of 47 cm just after two years of growth and where the mortality was only 1,4 %. In case of this manner, the birch reached the height of 251 cm and 37 mm in diameter of the root crown. In area of TVP Rakovec the best growth of fir occurred under the European aspen and reached average height of 40 cm. Contrary, in case of this manner was the loss of the fir, exactly 26,2 %. The most successful nursery woody species in area of TVP Rakovec was the Black alder, where occurred much fewer losses and reached the best results of the growth. Within this diploma thesis was also made theoretical analysis of the nursery stand ability of production, in which have been found out that the European aspen has the highest production potential in all bonitet and the Black alder has the smallest production potential in compare with all chosen nursery woody species. Within both areas of research have been investigated the influence of the nursery stand in initial stage to the microclimate of calamity originated clear-cut. The impact hasn´t been confirmed.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-03T23:02:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DorgivalAlbertinoDaSilvaJunior_TESE.pdf: 6053241 bytes, checksum: d9642e4cc70e97ccb8ad128ccb256cf5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-05T21:01:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DorgivalAlbertinoDaSilvaJunior_TESE.pdf: 6053241 bytes, checksum: d9642e4cc70e97ccb8ad128ccb256cf5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T21:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DorgivalAlbertinoDaSilvaJunior_TESE.pdf: 6053241 bytes, checksum: d9642e4cc70e97ccb8ad128ccb256cf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese desenvolve uma nova t?cnica para projetos de microestruturas de comp?sitos pelo processo de Otimiza??o Topol?gica, com objetivo de maximizar a rigidez, fazendo uso do M?todo da Energia de Deforma??o e utilizando um esquema de refino h-adaptativo visando obter uma melhor defini??o do contorno topol?gico da microestrutura. Isso ? feito ao se distribuir material de forma otimizada em uma regi?o de projeto preestabelecida denominada como C?lula Base. Neste trabalho, o M?todo dos Elementos Finitos ? utilizado para descri??o do dom?nio e para solu??o da equa??o de governo. A malha ? refinada de forma iterativa de modo que o refino da malha de elementos finitos ? feito em todos os elementos que representem materiais s?lidos e todos os elementos vazios que contenham ao menos um n? em uma regi?o de material s?lido. O elemento finito escolhido para o modelo de aproxima??o ? o triangular linear de tr?s n?s. J? para a resolu??o do problema de programa??o n?o linear com restri??es foi utilizado o M?todo Lagrangiano Aumentado e um algoritmo de minimiza??o com base na dire??o do tipo Quasi-Newton e das condi??es de Armijo-Wolfe auxiliando no processo de descida. A C?lula Base que representa o comp?sito ? encontrada a partir da equival?ncia entre um material fict?cio e um material preescrito, distribu?do de forma ?tima na regi?o de projeto. A utiliza??o do M?todo da Energia de Deforma??o se justifica por proporcionar menor custo computacional devido a uma formula??o mais simplificada do que o tradicional M?todo de Homogeneiza??o. Os resultados s?o apresentados com mudan?a na prescri??o de deslocamento, com mudan?a na restri??o de volume e a partir de v?rios valores iniciais das densidades relativas. / This thesis develops a new technique for composite microstructures projects by the Topology Optimization process, in order to maximize rigidity, making use of Deformation Energy Method and using a refining scheme h-adaptative to obtain a better defining the topological contours of the microstructure. This is done by distributing materials optimally in a region of pre-established project named as Cell Base. In this paper, the Finite Element Method is used to describe the field and for government equation solution. The mesh is refined iteratively refining so that the Finite Element Mesh is made on all the elements which represent solid materials, and all empty elements containing at least one node in a solid material region. The Finite Element Method chosen for the model is the linear triangular three nodes. As for the resolution of the nonlinear programming problem with constraints we were used Augmented Lagrangian method, and a minimization algorithm based on the direction of the Quasi-Newton type and Armijo-Wolfe conditions assisting in the lowering process. The Cell Base that represents the composite is found from the equivalence between a fictional material and a preescribe material, distributed optimally in the project area. The use of the strain energy method is justified for providing a lower computational cost due to a simpler formulation than traditional homogenization method. The results are presented prescription with change, in displacement with change, in volume restriction and from various initial values of relative densities.

This thesis deals with the business plan to establish plantations of fast-growing poplar on agricultural land for the production of energy. The target is to create and analyze a business plan for the production of fast-growing trees in the region Vysočina. Theoretical part deals with general information of fast-growing trees, energy conception of the Czech Republic and of course also instructions for writing a quality business plan. The practical part contains an extended version of the business plan for the establishment of plantations of fast-growing poplar, strategic analysis, economic aspects and evaluation of the whole project. In this thesis are also suggestions to improve the project.

The 1950s and 1960s in Czechoslovakia witnessed a fundamental shift in the dramatic and theatrical realms. Following the Communist takeover of 1948, Soviet-inspired Socialist Realism became the official aesthetic of the Czech lands, displacing the avant-garde trends that had dominated the pre-war era. This normative aesthetic program demanded a party-minded ideological perspective (partiinost) and a certain level of accessibility to the masses (narodnost). After the death of Stalin, as the political situation began to thaw, various theatre practitioners began to undermine these Socialist Realist demands, widening the literary horizons by experimenting with a variety of trends, and ultimately sowing the seeds that would lead to the flowering of the Czech theatre of the 1960s. This thesis investigates the ways in which the Socialist Realist model for dramatic and theatrical expression was subverted on the experimental stages of Prague in the late 1950s and 1960s. Specifically, it analyzes the changing role of ideology, dramatic and theatrical space, and objects during this period. By the 1960s, the earnest, socialist ideology that pervaded Socialist Realism in its purported message to the audience had become a stale aesthetic model. In 1963, Václav Havel’s Zahradní slavnost couches this ideology in an absurd dramatic world, subverting and satirizing the didactic nature of Socialist Realism while simultaneously drawing from the Czech avant-garde and foreign trends like the so-called Theatre of the Absurd. Prague’s experimental theatre movement in the 1950s and 1960s, though certainly present on large stages like the National Theatre, primarily sprang from the city’s small stages. Both Jiří Suchý and Jiří Šlitr’s Semafor Theatre and Otomar Krejča’s Theatre Beyond the Gate managed highly innovative productions despite limited stage space. This was made possible, in part, due to their remarkable use of the off-stage and imaginary action spaces. In his article “Man and Object in the Theatre,” Jiří Veltruský notes that human actors on stage operate between two poles: highly spontaneous and highly determined actions. Socialist Realism, which offered its audience models of behaviour for their lives outside the theatre, reduced characters to types, limiting their perceived spontaneity, as they exist primarily to fulfill necessary narrative functions (i.e., the positive hero). In a sense, human beings are objectified. In his adaptation of Alfred Jarry’s Ubu roi, director Jan Grossman takes this to the extreme. By presenting the actions of his actors as highly determined, he reduces the human figure to a manipulated object. When Ubu oversees the annihilation of these beings, Grossman both parodies the Socialist Realist approach to characterization and offers a stunningly subversive rebuke of the Czech political culture. In this work I show how the innovative spirit of Czech theatre and drama of the 1960s represented an era of shifting aesthetic norms, which reacted to the strict, normative Socialist Realist trend of the 1950s, borrowed from numerous foreign and domestic trends both past and present, and developed unique techniques of their own in order to create impactful works on the stage and on the page.

The 1950s and 1960s in Czechoslovakia witnessed a fundamental shift in the dramatic and theatrical realms. Following the Communist takeover of 1948, Soviet-inspired Socialist Realism became the official aesthetic of the Czech lands, displacing the avant-garde trends that had dominated the pre-war era. This normative aesthetic program demanded a party-minded ideological perspective (partiinost) and a certain level of accessibility to the masses (narodnost). After the death of Stalin, as the political situation began to thaw, various theatre practitioners began to undermine these Socialist Realist demands, widening the literary horizons by experimenting with a variety of trends, and ultimately sowing the seeds that would lead to the flowering of the Czech theatre of the 1960s. This thesis investigates the ways in which the Socialist Realist model for dramatic and theatrical expression was subverted on the experimental stages of Prague in the late 1950s and 1960s. Specifically, it analyzes the changing role of ideology, dramatic and theatrical space, and objects during this period. By the 1960s, the earnest, socialist ideology that pervaded Socialist Realism in its purported message to the audience had become a stale aesthetic model. In 1963, Václav Havel’s Zahradní slavnost couches this ideology in an absurd dramatic world, subverting and satirizing the didactic nature of Socialist Realism while simultaneously drawing from the Czech avant-garde and foreign trends like the so-called Theatre of the Absurd. Prague’s experimental theatre movement in the 1950s and 1960s, though certainly present on large stages like the National Theatre, primarily sprang from the city’s small stages. Both Jiří Suchý and Jiří Šlitr’s Semafor Theatre and Otomar Krejča’s Theatre Beyond the Gate managed highly innovative productions despite limited stage space. This was made possible, in part, due to their remarkable use of the off-stage and imaginary action spaces. In his article “Man and Object in the Theatre,” Jiří Veltruský notes that human actors on stage operate between two poles: highly spontaneous and highly determined actions. Socialist Realism, which offered its audience models of behaviour for their lives outside the theatre, reduced characters to types, limiting their perceived spontaneity, as they exist primarily to fulfill necessary narrative functions (i.e., the positive hero). In a sense, human beings are objectified. In his adaptation of Alfred Jarry’s Ubu roi, director Jan Grossman takes this to the extreme. By presenting the actions of his actors as highly determined, he reduces the human figure to a manipulated object. When Ubu oversees the annihilation of these beings, Grossman both parodies the Socialist Realist approach to characterization and offers a stunningly subversive rebuke of the Czech political culture. In this work I show how the innovative spirit of Czech theatre and drama of the 1960s represented an era of shifting aesthetic norms, which reacted to the strict, normative Socialist Realist trend of the 1950s, borrowed from numerous foreign and domestic trends both past and present, and developed unique techniques of their own in order to create impactful works on the stage and on the page.

Computational microRNA (miRNA) target identification in animal genomes is a challenging problem due to the imperfect pairing of the miRNA with the target site. Techniques based on sequence alone are prone to produce many false positive interactions. Therefore, integrative techniques have been developed to utilize additional genomic, structural features, and evolu- tionary conservation information for reducing the high false positive rate. We propose that the context of a putative miRNA target in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network can be used as an additional filter in a computational miRNA target pr ediction algorithm. We compute several graph theoretic measures on human PPI network as indicators of network context. We assess the performance of individual and combined contextual measures in increasing the precision of a popular miRNA target prediction tool, TargetScan, using low throughput and high throughput datasets of experimentally verified human miRNA targets. We used clas- sification algorithms for that assessment. Since there exists only miRNA targets as training samples, this problem becomes a One Class Classification (OCC) problem. We devised a novel OCC method, DiVo, based on simple distance metrics and voting. Comparative analysis with the state of the art methods show that, DiVo attains better classification performance. Our eventual results indicate that topological properties of target gene products in PPI networks are valuable sources of information for filtering out false positive miRNA target genes. We show that, for targets of a number of miRNAs, netwo rk context correlates better with being a target compared to a sequence based score provided by the prediction tool.

Computational microRNA (miRNA) target identification in animal genomes is a challenging problem due to the imperfect pairing of the miRNA with the target site. Techniques based on sequence alone are prone to produce many false positive interactions. Therefore, integrative techniques have been developed to utilize additional genomic, structural features, and evolu- tionary conservation information for reducing the high false positive rate. We propose that the context of a putative miRNA target in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network can be used as an additional filter in a computational miRNA target prediction algorithm. We compute several graph theoretic measures on human PPI network as indicators of network context. We assess the performance of individual and combined contextual measures in increasing the precision of a popular miRNA target prediction tool, TargetScan, using low throughput and high throughput datasets of experimentally verified human miRNA targets. We used clas- sification algorithms for that assessment. Since there exists only miRNA targets as training samples, this problem becomes a One Class Classification (OCC) problem. We devised a novel OCC method, DiVo, based on simple distance metrics and voting. Comparative analysis with the state of the art methods show that, DiVo attains better classification performance. Our eventual results indicate that topological properties of target gene products in PPI networks are valuable sources of information for filtering out false positive miRNA target genes. We show that, for targets of a number of miRNAs, network context correlates better with being a target compared to a sequence based score provided by the prediction tool.