Magister Theologiae - MTh / Taking the recent history and the present situation of South Africa as my context, I have found that with regard to their ethical stance the Lutheran Church has been accused of taking the "cheap grace" (anti-nomian) option and the Reformed Churches have often been criticised (especially by Lutherans, although recently also by some of their own theologians e.g. Johan Cilliers, 1994) for propagating the salvation by "works of the law" (semi-pelagian) option. Both the above "accusations" need to be critically verified by an analysis of the two theologies and their functioning in South Africa. This analysis will be done by using sermons from both churches as its empirical basis. I have decided to use seven sermons from each tradition. The Lutheran ones were brought together by directly contacting my colleagues and asking them to help me in this project by sending their sermons (especially on Exodus 20, if possible) to me. The Reformed sermons used are taken from published sermon collections available in South Africa.

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There is no consensus on why Ezekiel 20 differs so strongly from the other historical traditions and texts known from the Torah. Are the authors simply purposefully selective in their reuse of earlier ‘historical' material, or do they offer a synopsis of all the material available to them, inadvertently preserving a particular stage in the development of the pentateuchal material? Or, more likely, is the answer somewhere in between? It is these questions that the present study begins to answer. Part One offers an analysis of the general linguistic influences of the priestly, Holiness, and deuteronomic corpora on Ezekiel 20, demonstrating that the impact of all three has been overstated. Part Two, the core of the study, examines in detail four texts of the Torah which share a statistically significant number and type of locutions with Ezekiel 20: Numbers 13-14; Exodus 6.2-8; Exodus 31.12-17; and Leviticus 26. Across these texts, both unilateral and bilateral literary reuse of or by Ezekiel 20 is established, and the ramifications for the composition and rhetoric of both the Torah texts and Ezekiel 20 is explored in detail. Part Three synthesises these findings, confirming that, and describing how, Ezekiel 20 compositionally interacts with the priestly and Holiness writings, offering insight into the extent and nature of a stratified, likely independent P. Three prevailing models of the composition of the Torah are then examined for points of continuity and discontinuity with this picture, with the result that none of them are able to account for all of the data collected herein. In sum, it is no longer sufficient to consider the literary dependencies between Ezekiel 20 and the priestly or Holiness material, let alone Ezekiel and the Torah, as mono-directional.

Rashi, an eleventh century Bible commentator who lived in France, is the most influential Jewish exegete of all time. The popularity of his Pentateuch commentary has resulted in many extant manuscripts and printed editions, and the effect of scribal activity involved in the work's large circulation has led to extensive textual variants. Moreover, the earliest extant dated manuscript of the commentary was copied 130 years after Rashi's death. This extended length of time facilitated the introduction of countless changes into the work that, over time, have become virtually undetectable. / One key to uncovering the most authentic version of Rashi's commentary is to examine texts written as close to his lifetime as possible. Since neither Rashi's own copy of his commentary nor any reasonable alternative has been discovered, the Pentateuch commentaries of his immediate successors, the Franco-German writers known as the Tosafot, provide the closest possible substitute. For the most part, the writings of these twelfth- and thirteenth-century relatives and students of Rashi consisted of glosses, explanations and criticisms of his work. / This study compares citations of Rashi in over fifty manuscripts of Tosafot commentaries with texts of Rashi published in both early and modern printings and in over thirty manuscripts of his commentary. It suggests that the text of Rashi utilized by the Tosafot was significantly different from the printed versions. Examples show that portions of the printed interpretations attributed to Rashi are actually explanations and criticisms offered by the Tosafot that, through various processes, were attributed to the master himself. Awareness of this helps establish a reliable witness to the text of Rashi's Pentateuch commentary, and it suggests that the Tosafot must be an important component of any future efforts to establish a scientific edition of it.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brandeis University, 2008. / Title from IR (viewed on May 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 469341 bytes, checksum: f19a8e2905bf66f6d3da5cf4af612442 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The tree on the Torah: A symbolical and mythological analysis , is our desire/object, that has as objective to analyze the symbol of the tree on the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, through Gilbert Durand's symbolic hermeneutics, that makes possible to unveil the myths decurring of the cataloged images. On the investigation, we contemplated the live tree and the human worked tree in its creative interventions. We tried, through bibliographic research, to develop the objectives: to describe, to analyze and to interpret the images of the tree and also to analyze symbolically and mythologically the influence of the symbol on the judaicchristian culture. We consider that the symbol of the tree runs through the realm of the imaginary and reveals itself as female archetype, of cosmic verticality, and, also, brings the myths as the regress to the womb, the creation, the paradise, the new rebirth, and others that in the judaic-christian culture answers to the questioning and appeases the existence. / A ÁRVORE NA TORÁ: uma análise simbólica e mítica é o nosso desejo/objeto, cujo objetivo é analisar o símbolo da árvore nos livros de Gênesis, Êxodo, Levítico, Números e Deuteronômio, através da hermenêutica simbólica de Gilbert Durand, que possibilita desvelar os mitos decorrentes das imagens catalogadas. Na investigação, contemplamos a árvore viva e a trabalhada pelo homem em suas intervenções criativas. Procuramos através de pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolver os objetivos: descrever, analisar e interpretar as imagens da árvore além de analisar simbólica e miticamente a influência do símbolo na cultura judaico-cristã. Consideramos que o símbolo da árvore percorre os regimes do imaginário, se revela arquétipo feminino, de verticalidade cósmica, e, também, traz à tona mitos como o do regresso ao útero, da criação, do paraíso, do novo nascimento, e outros mais que na cultura judaico-cristã respondem aos questionamentos e apazigua a existência.

[pt] A presente dissertação analisa Dt 17,14-20, a Lei do rei, considerando, de forma especial, elementos diacrônicos examinados à luz dos métodos históricocríticos. Essa análise provê a base para os tópicos abordados no comentário. O estudo constata que a lei do rei exibe certos contrastes e semelhanças em relação à História Deuteronomista, particularmente, os relatos sobre Salomão. A lei do rei é, contudo, peculiar em sua forma de avaliar e criticar a tradição. Conclui-se também que os deveres e direitos tratados na lei do rei são essencialmente utópicos, apesar de refletir um conhecimento da realidade histórica da qual emergiram. Além disso, constata-se que Dt 17,14-20 demonstra muita similaridade em seus termos e temas com o restante do livro do Deuteronômio e com a tradição bíblica mais ampla, mas também, revela descontinuidade temática. Como base na inter-relação entre a lei do rei e outras partes do Antigo Testamento, é possível notar que o livro do Deuteronômio nega ao rei os elementos essenciais ao exercício monárquico no Antigo Oriente Próximo. / [en] This dissertation examines Deuteronomy 17,14-20, the law of the king, considering especially diachronic elements examined in the light of historicalcritical methods. This analysis provides the basis for the topics covered in the commentary. The study notes that the law of the king shows some contrasts and similarities between the Deuteronomistic History , particularly the accounts of Solomon. The law of king however is peculiar in its way to evaluate and criticize the tradition. It is concluded that the duties and rights dealt by the law of king are essentially utopian, though it reflects an knowledge of the historical reality of which it emerged. Furthermore, it is noted that Dt 17,14-20 shows much similarity in their terms and themes with the rest of the book of Deuteronomy and the broader biblical tradition, but also reveals thematic discontinuity. Based on the interrelation between the law of king and other parts of the Old Testament, it is possible to note that the book of Deuteronomy denies to the king the essential elements to the monarchial exercise in the Ancient Near East.

This paper focuses on some areas related to the topic of the Ten Commandments. Main part is a translation of chosen chapters of the work Tiferet Yisrael. Namely Chapters 33-36, which describes the opinion of the author (Rabbi Loew) on this topic. The translation is accompanied by commentary, which make it more comprehensive, and it is compared with texts that are in the environment of traditional Judaism deemed as essential. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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