Total Quality Management (TQM) has become the focus of all organisations that strive for excellence in service delivery. The healthcare sector is not an exception though it is exclusively different from other organisations because of the nature of service they provide, and the kind of risk involved in service provision. The aim of this study was to assess employees’ perceptions about TQM at Queen Elizabeth II hospital, and their expectations regarding TQM implementation in the new Private Public Partnership (PPP) National Referral hospital. It also sought to measure the gap that exists between employees’ perceptions and expectations. It focused on three fundamental principles of Total Quality (TQ), namely ‘focus on customers and stakeholders’, ‘participation by everyone and teamwork’, as well as ‘process focus and continuous improvement’. This, quantitative research study, utilised a cross-sectional approach. The self-administered questionnaires were employed to obtain data. A stratified sample of 240 employees was drawn from Q.E.II hospital employees, which represented a population size of approximately 685 employees. Out of the sample size of 240, only 157 questionnaires were completed and returned. The respondents comprised of 38.2% males and 61.8% females. The highest percentage of the respondents (53.5%) was in the clinical category; 33.8% in Administration; 8.3% in ‘other’ health professionals such as pharmacy, laboratory, and radiology. The lowest percentages of 3.8% and 0.6% were in Accountancy and Human Resources categories respectively. The findings of this study revealed that employees have relatively low perceptions about TQM at Q.E.II hospital, while their expectations regarding TQM in the new PPP National referral hospital are extremely high. Process focus and continuous improvement attained a larger overall gap between perceptions and expectations. Although an analysis revealed that focus is needed in all areas that constitute total quality, but evidence suggests that process focus and continuous improvement need special attention. Thus, it is recommended that management creates a quality culture through strong leadership, putting the needs of both employees and patients in the fore-front, ensuring that employees understand hospital processes, and mostly, continuously improving the hospital processes. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.

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The new paradigm in managing organisations, known as Total Quality Management (TQM), was investigated in this thesis. TQM as a management concept represents a fundamental change in the management approach of organisations (i.e. schools). TQM comprises a comprehensive change to the theory and practice of management, and focuses in particular on leadership and people. It is claimed in literature that the bulk of problems of organisations is leadership or management-related subsequently the implementation of TQM poses a major challenge to the managers of those organisations. It has become clear from literature that TQM comprises a radical departure from the traditional educational paradigm of bureaucracy, autocracy and mediocrity, towards a system that liberates the educator from bureaucratic red tape, and which provides for a model of empowerment and participation. This research was particularly aimed at the application of quality principles in secondary schools. The aims of the research were to • determine the nature and characteristics of TQM in schools through a review of the literature; • identify methods from the literature for the implementation of TQM in schools; • identify and analyse from the literature schools as case studies; • determine to what extent effective schools make use of TQM, and to what extent elements of TQM were to be identified in these schools; • determine whether the strategies employed in schools are based on TQM assumptions and could characterise them as effective in terms of TQM; • develop a management strategy for the improvement of the effectiveness of secondary schools through the implementation of TQM. A literature study was undertaken to analyse TQM and to determine methods for implementing TQM in schools. The empirical research consists of two phases: a quantitative phase comprising the use of a questionnaire to determine to what extent principals make use of TQM, and a qualitative phase in which principals, educators, learners and parents participated in interviews to determine what strategies schools use are based on TQM. Information from both the literature review and the empirical study was used to develop a management strategy as a guide for principals to improve the effectiveness of schools through TQM. The conclusion chapter contains a summary of the research, findings and recommendations 'in respect of the research aims. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

The National Department of Education of the Republic of South Africa introduced integrated quality management system (IQMS) in order to improve quality of reaming and teaching. This research focused on the effects of performance measurement in IQMS on educators' performance, its contribution to developmental purpose and pay progression and its effects on the improvement of education. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample from educators and school management team (SMT) from Mafikeng Area Project Office, North West Province. Data were collected by means of questionnaire. The study identified that both educators and SMT members were of the opinion that performance measures used in IQMS positively influenced the performance of educators, it is effective for developmental purpose and pay progression and finally it contributed to the improvement of education in schools. / (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2006

The new paradigm in managing organisations, known as Total Quality Management (TQM), was investigated in this thesis. TQM as a management concept represents a fundamental change in the management approach of organisations (i.e. schools). TQM comprises a comprehensive change to the theory and practice of management, and focuses in particular on leadership and people. It is claimed in literature that the bulk of problems of organisations is leadership or management-related subsequently the implementation of TQM poses a major challenge to the managers of those organisations. It has become clear from literature that TQM comprises a radical departure from the traditional educational paradigm of bureaucracy, autocracy and mediocrity, towards a system that liberates the educator from bureaucratic red tape, and which provides for a model of empowerment and participation. This research was particularly aimed at the application of quality principles in secondary schools. The aims of the research were to • determine the nature and characteristics of TQM in schools through a review of the literature; • identify methods from the literature for the implementation of TQM in schools; • identify and analyse from the literature schools as case studies; • determine to what extent effective schools make use of TQM, and to what extent elements of TQM were to be identified in these schools; • determine whether the strategies employed in schools are based on TQM assumptions and could characterise them as effective in terms of TQM; • develop a management strategy for the improvement of the effectiveness of secondary schools through the implementation of TQM. A literature study was undertaken to analyse TQM and to determine methods for implementing TQM in schools. The empirical research consists of two phases: a quantitative phase comprising the use of a questionnaire to determine to what extent principals make use of TQM, and a qualitative phase in which principals, educators, learners and parents participated in interviews to determine what strategies schools use are based on TQM. Information from both the literature review and the empirical study was used to develop a management strategy as a guide for principals to improve the effectiveness of schools through TQM. The conclusion chapter contains a summary of the research, findings and recommendations 'in respect of the research aims. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

Intresset för hälsa har lett till att konsumenter efterfrågar högre kvalité där fokus inte längre enbart är pris. Allt eftersom kvalité hamnar i centrum är det intressant att undersöka hur kvalité skapas. En produkt som tydligt följer denna trend är kaffe. Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka hur svenska kafferosterier skapar kvalité på kaffe genom en studie av sex rosterier av varierande storlek i Sverige. Studien följer en kvalitativ struktur som utformats efter en av de dominerande teorierna inom kvalitetsforskning, Total Quality Management, där analysmodellen primärt baserats på The Juran Trilogy. Resultatet visar att råkaffe är den viktigaste faktorn för skapandet av kvalité vid samtliga rosterier, däremot råder skilda meningar kring förhållandet till certifieringar. Författarna fann även att råkaffe inte är den enda faktorn som skapar kvalité, utan att mycket av kvalitetsskapandet ligger i relationen mellan rostare och odlare, samt den kunskap människor i produktionen besitter.

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As implant survival extends into the second and third decades focal osteolysis around cemented femoral components in total hip replacement is emerging as an important failure mechanism. Whilst the problem of focal osteolysis is well recognised, there are many aspects of its development which are poorly understood. The broad aim of this thesis is to try to provide some insights into how, why and where focal osteolysis develops around the cemented femoral component. There are broadly two sections to this thesis, chapters 2-5 present clinical and geometrical studies and chapters 6-10 a series of experimental studies. The aim of the first section was to establish what is observed in clinical practice, the aim of the second to try to explain these findings. A mid-term clinical study showed that focal osteolysis is more common with rough than polished stems that differed in no aspect other than their surface finish. Further studies established that focal osteolysis is probably always associated with defects in the cement mantle. These defects occur anteriorly at the mid-stem of the prosthesis and posteriorly at the component tip. The distribution of focal osteolysis and its strong association with cement mantle defects suggests the importance of the stemcement interface as a pathway for fluid and debris to reach the distal femur. However, at 15-25 years, osteolysis rarely develops with the polished Exeter stem even in the presence of confirmed defects in the cement mantle, suggesting that the stem seals the stem-cement interface against fluid and debris. In an attempt to explain the clinical findings a series of bench top experiments were undertaken. These studies showed that the behaviour of fluid and dye at the stemcement interface was significantly influenced by component surface finish. Bonded and debonded stem-cement interfaces of rough stems provided an incomplete barrier to fluid movement along this interface. In contrast, polished stems both bonded and debonded were able to provide a seal at the stem-cement interface. The seal at this interface was improved with component subsidence in the presence of rotational stability. It is believed that this thesis provides a rationale explanation for why focal osteolysis rarely develops around the Exeter stem in clinical practice. It also explains how, where, and why osteolysis develops around certain designs of cemented femoral components used in total hip replacement.

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No description available.