The topic of this study is using Total Physical Response (TPR) in teaching English adjectives to 11-year-old pupils. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the TPR method is effective in teaching English adjectives. The researcher used a quasi-experiment to design this study. The population was the pupils aged 11 in a middle school in Kristianstad. 30 pupils were selected as samples and divided into two groups: one experimental group and one control group. The steps of this experiment were: (1) the experimental group was taught by the TPR method; (2) the control group and the experimental group were given the same post-test. In order to investigate whether there is a necessity to adopt new English vocabulary teaching technique for these pupils, two questionnaires were deliberated; the first questionnaire was for all testees and the second questionnaire was just for the experimental group. The result of the study showed the pupils’ achievements in the experimental group were improved by the TPR method. The mean score of the experimental group was much higher than that of the control group. The p-value of this test was 0.0002 less than 0.01 which showed strong evidence that the results were not achieved coincidentally. The effect size of this study was 2.59 more than 0.8 which indicated that the TPR method has significant effectiveness in teaching English adjectives. The questionnaires indicated that TPR was the new English vocabulary teaching technique that the pupils need.

Abstract Since Mar. 1995, the National Health Insurance begin in Taiwan, the payment of health insurance gradually increase each year. For controlling the increasing costs, case payment was the most important method. For each hospital, using clinical pathway to control costs of case payment was an effective tool. But, there were still less literatures to discuss the efficiency of clinical pathway in Taiwan. We used a retrospective study design, to examine the length of stay, total costs and quality including the complications, morbidity and readmissions for total knee replacement surgery. The data before clinical pathway was from June 2001 to May 2002, total 219 cases. After clinical pathway, the data was from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2003, total 207 cases. The results showed decrease length of stay from 7.4 to 6.6 days (10.8%), decrease total cost from 125,324 NTS to 119,100 NTS (4.97%) and the quality of complications and readmissions did not increase. In conclusion, the clinical pathway can improve length of stay, total costs and quality. Key words: case payment, clinical pathway, total knee replacement

Abstract In recent years, organizational innovation is becoming increasingly important as a means of survival, not just for growth, but also in facing of intensifying competition and environmental uncertainty. Organizational innovation has been considered to be one of the key success factors. On the other hand, over the last two decades, many organizations around the world have adopted Total Quality Management (TQM). It is convinced that TQM is a management philosophy, which is a better way to conduct business and results in higher quality, lower cost products and services that respond faster to the needs of the customer. The relationship between organizational innovation, TQM and organizational effectiveness was studied. The China Steel Corporation (CSC) ,which is a leading steel making company in Taiwan, was chosen to be the research object. The aim of this research is to study following items: 1. To realize CSC employees¡¦ cognition and attitude about the Innovations and TQM activities which have been promoted and /or adopted by the company many years. 2. To analyze the relationship between Innovations, TQM and organizational effectiveness. By doing this study, some results are expected to be referenced by CSC and also for other companies. The results are follows¡G 1. Basically, CSC employees have good cognition toward TQM in CSC¡Aand also convince that it has a high correlation with organizational effectiveness . 2. Regarding Innovations practices, there exist high correlation coefficient between technological innovation and administrative innovation. 3. All the Critical Factors have high correlation with organizational effectiveness, especially ¡§ people management¡¨. 4. The correlation between organizational innovations, TQM and organizational effectiveness are confirmed to be significant. And the Adoption of TQM can intensify the Innovations practices and then increasing organizational effectiveness. Keywords¡Gorganizational innovation, total quality management, organizational effectiveness.

Nowadays, the hospital managers are facing increasing financial difficulties, because of the global budget policy from the national health institute. Patient-oriented services, good manner of the care providers, and the rapid response of the hospital to the medical environment are among the important factors for hospital survival. Therefore, many medical care providers had designed the clinical pathway for standardized medical treatment to control the medical costs, but they also allowed some extra-services for attracting and recruiting more patients. In this study, by way of participating management and job enrichment, we try to improve the quality and the patient satisfaction of the pelvic sonography provided by Obs/Gyn department. The study was proceeded in 2 ways. First, we designed a standardized obstetrical and gynecological sonography service pathway, which include a standard flow chart, customer encounter, and a checklist. Second, we measured the total service time duration, including those of pre-service consultation, actual sonography performing, and the post-service consultation. The measurements were performed before and after the application of the standardized sonography pathway. The measurement results were used to analyze and evaluate the validity and efficiency of the originally designed pathway. The study results demonstrate that after application of the sonography pathway, the total service time duration is reduced in Gyn sonography, but increased in Obs sonography. For Gyn sonography, the duration of pre-service consultation and post-service consultation were significantly reduced after application of standardized pathway. Further analysis revealed that thorough pre-service consultation not only made our patients more comfortable, but also reduced the post-service consultation time. However, the actual sonography performing time was increased, because of the adding of the standardized conversation. For obstetrical sonography, the duration of the actual sonography performing time was decreased, possibly due to the adding of standardized conversation, which answered most of the questions that the pregnant patients want to know about. In conclusion, by way of establishment and repeated reassessment/correction of the standardized sonography pathway, the quality of the sonography services can be greatly improved, and the patient¡¦s satisfaction can be even greater. The same experience can be applied to other fields. The quality of medical care can be more stable by the application of standardized clinical pathway. Besides, through the efforts of quality control, the medical cost can be limited, and the financial burden of the hospital and medical care providers can be reduced, making a double-win medical environment. Key Word: service pathways,total service, Obs/Gyn sonography

The philosophy of ¡uTotal Quality Management¡vis an innovative management of full directions, it represents a whole new cultures, and the TQM bas been applied as the universally managerial solution for countries, enterprises, governments and organizations to promote the innovation and product improvements, all members of the organization shall devote himself or herself and pay their all energies to focus on and achieve the goal -¡uTo create the most perfect products and services for customers¡v. IT department, a member of organization which executing TQM, in order to reach the purposes of total improvements, IT department shall participate and execute practically just like other departments. By exploring and analyzing the literature theories, the practical case of IT deparment which deploys the TQM activities, interviews, this research applies CASE STUDY method to research for the key issues of¡uIT department executes TQM¡vas below: A. The IMPORTANCES between IT department and TQM. B. Why shall IT department execute TQM. C. The needed conditions for IT department to execute TQM. D. The ROLEs for the LEADER and STAFFs of IT department to execute TQM. E. The MODULE for IT department to execute TQM. F. The defects of the initial execution. Wish the discoveries and suggestions of the research can be references to the IT department which is going to or already runs TQM.

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The quality control of products during manufacturing before World War II was independent of the manufacturing process to assure the unique and best quality of goods. Of which characteristics is to control the quality of products after finishing. Due to the total quality management has initiated recently, the feedback of consumer¡¦s preference, raw materials¡¦ supply, design of products, manufacturing, check-up, selling strategy and after-sales service arose from the manufacturers. The crucial competition in enterprise management has become the essential debate i.e., innovative and high-grade products are needed concurrently. Innovation is the threshold of the sustained yield of an enterprise, but to meet and give rise to the requirements of clients through the market survey. Additionally, we should incorporate a new management system with innovation ¡V reduce the capital, develop up-to-date techniques, to attain the target of sustained yield. By using the new methods of enterprise management system and proposing novel recipes that can achieve an admirable target in business management in the twentieth-one century. Because of the specific needs in high-precision and great capital investment in semi-conductor industry, any rejects may lead to earnings loss. Thereafter, the increase in accepts is the main target to pursue for semi-conductor industry. Enhancing the accept percentage is synonymous with profit-based market. Reducing the reject percentage will lead to increasing the profit of business. ¡§Quality Control is the main trend in twentieth-one century¡¨ said Mr. J.M.Juran ¡V an American expert of quality control ¡V in American Society of Quality Control (ASQC). For instances, the reject rate of electronics has been reduced from 0.001 to ppm (parts per million), even to ppb (parts per billion). In view of the previous 3 £mdefect, the reject rate is 2.7 ¡Ñ10 -3 under the state in statistical control, but it has been dropped to 2 ppb (2 ¡Ñ10 -9 ) in a new 6 £mdefect. In other words, the new level of reject rate has been reduced to 1.35 million times that of the previous standards. We call this standard likewise ¡§Ultra severe quality requirements¡¨. Face the severe challenge of quality control and the strong competition, a novel quality control is beneficial to the sustained yield of semiconductor industry. The purpose of this study tries to investigate the feasibility of the application of ultra severe quality requirements to a semiconductor company. And describing the methodology of 6£mthat focuses on process improvement and variation reduction.

The aims of this study include (1) Examine the total mercury and organic mercury concentrations in the muscle and liver tissues of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus that collected in Tungkang and Taitung, Taiwan, in order to understand their safety consumption by human beings due to their high trophic level in a marine ecosystem; (2) Investigate the species difference in comparison to other marine high trophic organisms, e.g. shark, tuna; (3) Look for the pattern of Hg bioaccumulation to see whether it matches the three models defined by Holsbeek et al. A total of 209 samples of Coryphaena hippurus were collected from Tungkang and Taitung. In the 34 samples from Tungkang, males and females were 11 and 23, respectively, whereas 197 samples from Taitung included 92 males and 83 females. Samples from Tungkang were investigated individually, but those from Taitung were pooled by size into 58 samples, 27 males and 24 females. The Hg levels in the samples were wet digested and determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there was no gender and site difference in the relationship between fork length and body weight in both Tungkang and Taitung samples. The relationship was BW = 0.00005 FL2.7443. The mean and range of total and organic Hg concentrations in muscles and livers of dolphinfish were 0.138 (0.045~0.506) and 0.103 (0.009~0.388), and 0.103 (0.037~0.260) and 0.077 (0.003~0.249), respectively. These concentrations were lower than the WHO food safety level for human consumption and Hg concentrations of shark and tuna. The total Hg concentrations in the muscles were significantly higher than those in livers in both sites. However, only samples of Taitung revealed the organic Hg concentrations of muscles were higher than those of livers. Concerning the site difference, the muscle concentrations of organic Hg, and the liver concentrations of total and organic Hg in Taitung were higher than those of Tungkang. There was positive linear relationship between total and organic Hg as well as in muscle and liver. However, no significant relationship was found between the Hg concentrations and fork length/body weight. The Hg bioaccumulative model of dolphinfish was similiar with Holsbeek et al.¡¦s models. In muscle, the largest sizes of the fish contained the highest organic Hg levels. In companying with no variation of total and inorganic Hg, it looks like Type I model of Holsbeek et al.¡¦s results.

Facing the advent of knowledge economy in the 21st century, the competitive advantages for enterprises have been transformed from physical land, capital and labor to invisible knowledge. Knowledge has become the most important assets for business. Thus, knowledge management is the most important issue in the age of knowledge economy for enterprises. TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) is based on Preventive Maintenance (PM) system from U.S. PM was first introduced to Japan in 1950s to 1960s, and then transformed to TPM by being added with local notions and concepts. JIPM (Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance) started to promote TPM in Japan since 1971. After TPM was introduced to Taiwan in 1994, it¡¦s been remarkably aware that TPM improved enterprise effectiveness and strengthened the competitive advantages of business as a result of implementation by the enterprises. Employees created amounts of knowledge to solve problems after the enterprise adopted TPM. It helps employees to improve the performance on their jobs. It seems that knowledge management activities are embedded in TPM but has not be evoked enough attention. This research explores the relationships between TPM and knowledge management activities by case study method. The findings present a result that the generation of knowledge is more obvious in TPM, but the repository of knowledge is needed to improve compared with processes of knowledge management activity. The research result may help to provide a concept as a reference for enterprises.