Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by tourist development along the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico represents a big threat to the survival of Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds. This habitat plays a crucial role for successful migration for many migratory birds. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on these birds have not been well documented in the region. From September- December, 2006-2008, we mist-netted and conducted transect surveys to assess the variation in the avian community among three different levels of development (high, medium and low). The study area included two small reserves (10-20 ha) in the hotel zone associated with the Riviera Maya (high development), two sites with limited development within the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve associated with small fishing camps (medium development), and two undeveloped sites located on a private ranch within Sian Ka’an (low development). I assessed species richness and abundance of four avian groups: the entire community, year-round residents, winter residents, and transients. Species richness and abundance decreased significantly with the greatest levels of disturbance. The high development level had the least species richness and abundance, whereas the medium development level had the greatest richness for all bird classes. However, my results suggest that small reserves in the hotel zone can be important compliments to the large, undisturbed reserves (Sian Ka’an) for both resident and migrant birds. Forty-six percent of all birds species captured in mist nets were Nearctic-Neotropical migrants; thus this group composed a significant component of the avian community. The dominance in the year-round resident community by the endemic Black Catbird (Dumetella glabrirostris) at medium and low development sites showed that coastal dune vegetation is also important in maintaining populations of endemic species, which are sensitive to levels of disturbance. The use of two different survey methods (mist-netting and transect surveys) produced complimentary descriptions of community composition. Because many year-round resident species and migrants depend on this scarce and discontinuous coastal habitat, and because of the intense development pressure on this coastal zone, better conservation strategies are needed to successfully sustain the avian community of this region.

Kaohsiung City locates in the Southern Taiwan, being the second largest municipality directly under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. Among all the cities in Taiwan, Kaohsiung City not has the highest population density, but also prospers in heavy industry. Following with the population aggregation, urbanization trends, and industry development, Kaohsiung City has become the most important urban metropolis and is now the centre of economy, administration, education, and entertainment in the Southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung City is representative for the characteristics and spirits of Taiwan, comprising mountains and oceans. Kaohsiung harbor is the 6th largest harbor in the world, the center of Taiwan's shipbuilding industry, a key position of pelagic fishing business, as well as home to a large R.O.C. Navy base. Kaohsuing is therefore considered as the Marin Capital. Nowadays, Kaohsiung City further develops its tourism markets and endeavors to make Love River, most representative symbol of Kaohsiung, become one of the well-known tourist attractions in Taiwan. ¡§Promoting business and encouraging economy¡¨ is the slogan for developing Kaohsiung City. In Kaohsiung Lantern Festival 2006, there were 6,000,000 tourists coming to Kaohsiung and thus raised 15% of the lodging rate for Tourism Hotels in Kaohsiung. In order to mold Kaohsiung City into a International Tourist City, it is plan to continuously developing the Love River Transportation System, and working on landscaping projects around the Lover River and Kaohsiung Harbor. Kaohsiung City is expected to be a Tourism Spots of the Southern Taiwan, and an International Urban Metropolis. This study investigates the tourism business of Love River. By conducting in-depth interviews with experts in business and history of Kaohsiung, we explores whether if the media marketing strategies in tourism is contributive to the tourism industry of Kaohsiung Love River.

Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by tourist development along the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico represents a big threat to the survival of Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds. This habitat plays a crucial role for successful migration for many migratory birds. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on these birds have not been well documented in the region. From September- December, 2006-2008, we mist-netted and conducted transect surveys to assess the variation in the avian community among three different levels of development (high, medium and low). The study area included two small reserves (10-20 ha) in the hotel zone associated with the Riviera Maya (high development), two sites with limited development within the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve associated with small fishing camps (medium development), and two undeveloped sites located on a private ranch within Sian Ka’an (low development). I assessed species richness and abundance of four avian groups: the entire community, year-round residents, winter residents, and transients. Species richness and abundance decreased significantly with the greatest levels of disturbance. The high development level had the least species richness and abundance, whereas the medium development level had the greatest richness for all bird classes. However, my results suggest that small reserves in the hotel zone can be important compliments to the large, undisturbed reserves (Sian Ka’an) for both resident and migrant birds. Forty-six percent of all birds species captured in mist nets were Nearctic-Neotropical migrants; thus this group composed a significant component of the avian community. The dominance in the year-round resident community by the endemic Black Catbird (Dumetella glabrirostris) at medium and low development sites showed that coastal dune vegetation is also important in maintaining populations of endemic species, which are sensitive to levels of disturbance. The use of two different survey methods (mist-netting and transect surveys) produced complimentary descriptions of community composition. Because many year-round resident species and migrants depend on this scarce and discontinuous coastal habitat, and because of the intense development pressure on this coastal zone, better conservation strategies are needed to successfully sustain the avian community of this region.

The use of an interdisciplinary focus in research towards the patrimonial tourist space, has involved interests to give in depth insights of these territories, upgrading them touristically to the planning and management by an authority, that reacts to the demands of tourists, and shows them the landscapes clearly. Here we try to value the patrimonial resource in function of the local and regional tourist development. These ideas have lead to declare in 2000 the locality of Chanco, in the Maule Region, as theCouncil for Patrimony Monuments by the Council ofNational Monuments. There are also other sites that are being considered to this category in the furure.The importance of these studies in Central Chile relies on that they will allow to expand the vacation's economy, especially in backward communities that have no jobs and low quality of life.This study has allowed us to put into value new centers of interest and upgradethe old ones which have lost their cultural patrimony or have become less attractive, but are touristically attractive with their surroundings. / La aplicación de un enfoque interdisciplinario en la investigación  acerca del espacioturístico patrimonial ha unificado diversos intereses con el objetivo de realizar im­ portantes aportes en estos territorios. Además, sobre la base de un plan de acción y gestión, se busca que estos espacios sean valorados desde el punto de vista turístico a fin de que respondan a las motivaciones requeridas por el turista; que los paisajes y soportes de la actividad turística sean presentadas de forma clara y específica, y que se revaloren los recursos patrimoniales en función del desarrollo turístico local y regional. Este estudio ha permitido potenciar nuevos centros de interés y revalorar los ya conocidos que han perdido importancia cultural o simplemente que no se valoran como patrimonio, dado que en conjunto con su entorno  constituyen  un  potencial para el turismo. Un ejemplo de ello es la localidad de Chanco, en la región del Maule, que ha sido declarada, en el 2000, Monumento Nacional por el Consejo de Monu­ mentos Nacionales.  En esta línea se están trabajando otros lugares con el fin de que alcancen la misma tipificación.La importancia de focalizar estudios de este tipo en Chile central, en áreas consi­deradas de un desarrollo turístico medio bajo, les permitirá entrar en la actividad económica del ocio y esparcimiento, más aún redundará en beneficios para comunas que presentan un carácter deprimido por falta de oferta de empleo y una calidad devida media baja.

Numerous studies in the hospitality field have focused on the importance of the convention industry to the economic well being of the local tourism industry. Because of intense competition between convention centers, destinations are practicing strategies of expanding their convention facilities and related infrastructure. Unfortunately, many of these expansions appear to have been based on feasibility studies that failed to present rigorous reviews and examinations regarding alleged claims of positive impacts and over-optimistic operational pro-forma statements. The main objective of this study is to propose an alternative framework for feasibility studies, which consists of an updated, rigorous methodology to calculate a more comprehensive picture, on what convention centers can deliver on public and private investment. Data from the Orange County Convention Center (OCCC) in Orlando, Florida were used for assessing this proposed framework.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi determinar o valor econômico, atribuído pelos visitantes, aos recursos ambientais que compõem a paisagem natural da praia de Jericoacoara, localizada no litoral oeste do Estado do Ceará. Para tanto, aplicou-se o método de avaliação contingente. O levantamento dos dados foi feito na primeira quinzena do mês de janeiro de 2001 e, foram entrevistados 120 turistas que estavam visitando a referida praia. A técnica (o método) utilizada para obtenção da disposição a pagar dos turistas foi a escolha dicotômica ou referendum. O valor médio da disposição a pagar foi calculado utilizando duas abordagens: paramétrica e não-paramétrica. Ambas resultaram em valores da disposição a pagar bastante semelhantes (cerca de R$50,00). No geral, os turistas que visitam Jericoacoara esboçaram um excedente do consumidor significativo. Os benefícios econômicos totais foram estimados multiplicando o valor da disposição a pagar de cada turista pelo número de turistas que visitam Jericoacoara anualmente. Os resultados encontrados mostram que os recursos naturais que compõem a paisagem de Jericoacoara têm um expressivo valor econômico e, podem gerar benefícios econômicos consideráveis. Os valores encontrados podem ser utilizados para justificar o aporte financeiro a projetos que visem a preservação e conservação dos recursos naturais do local, assim como, poderiam ser utilizados para arbitrar valores para multas aos causadores de eventuais desastres ecológicos na área. Portanto, os formuladores de políticas estratégicas para o desenvolvimento turístico de Jericoacoara, necessariamente, precisam tomar decisões baseados em metas eficientemente definidas, procurando estabelecer os limites de crescimento desejáveis e que, ao mesmo tempo, possam proporcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável do local. / The main objective of the study was to determine the economic value for the natural resources that comprise the Jericoacoara landscape of the West Coast of Ceara as perceived by the tourists. Data were collected during the month of January of 2001 by interviewing 120 on site tourists. Contingent valuation was used as the general method and dichotomous choice questionnaire as the referendum technique for prices setting. The willingness to pay was evaluated through parametric and non-parametric approaches. Both yielded similar willingness to pay values, that is close to R$ 50,00. In general Jerioacoara’s visitors showed a positive consumer surplus. Total economic benefits were evaluated by the product of the visitors willingness to pay times the number of tourists that visited that seashore yearly. Results show that the natural resources that constitute the Jericoacora’s landscape are seen as having a positive economic value and are, therefore, able to generate expressive economic benefits. The observed values may be utilized to justify the allocation of funds to implement projects aiming at preserving and conserving the local natural resources as well as be used to determine the value of fines that should be paid by environmental aggressors. Therefore, strategic policy makers have to decide on tourist growth limits for Jericoacora based on sustainable economic goals efficiently defined.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi determinar o valor econômico, atribuído pelos visitantes, aos recursos ambientais que compõem a paisagem natural da praia de Jericoacoara, localizada no litoral oeste do Estado do Ceará. Para tanto, aplicou-se o método de avaliação contingente. O levantamento dos dados foi feito na primeira quinzena do mês de janeiro de 2001 e, foram entrevistados 120 turistas que estavam visitando a referida praia. A técnica (o método) utilizada para obtenção da disposição a pagar dos turistas foi a escolha dicotômica ou referendum. O valor médio da disposição a pagar foi calculado utilizando duas abordagens: paramétrica e não-paramétrica. Ambas resultaram em valores da disposição a pagar bastante semelhantes (cerca de R$50,00). No geral, os turistas que visitam Jericoacoara esboçaram um excedente do consumidor significativo. Os benefícios econômicos totais foram estimados multiplicando o valor da disposição a pagar de cada turista pelo número de turistas que visitam Jericoacoara anualmente. Os resultados encontrados mostram que os recursos naturais que compõem a paisagem de Jericoacoara têm um expressivo valor econômico e, podem gerar benefícios econômicos consideráveis. Os valores encontrados podem ser utilizados para justificar o aporte financeiro a projetos que visem a preservação e conservação dos recursos naturais do local, assim como, poderiam ser utilizados para arbitrar valores para multas aos causadores de eventuais desastres ecológicos na área. Portanto, os formuladores de políticas estratégicas para o desenvolvimento turístico de Jericoacoara, necessariamente, precisam tomar decisões baseados em metas eficientemente definidas, procurando estabelecer os limites de crescimento desejáveis e que, ao mesmo tempo, possam proporcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável do local. / The main objective of the study was to determine the economic value for the natural resources that comprise the Jericoacoara landscape of the West Coast of Ceara as perceived by the tourists. Data were collected during the month of January of 2001 by interviewing 120 on site tourists. Contingent valuation was used as the general method and dichotomous choice questionnaire as the referendum technique for prices setting. The willingness to pay was evaluated through parametric and non-parametric approaches. Both yielded similar willingness to pay values, that is close to R$ 50,00. In general Jerioacoara’s visitors showed a positive consumer surplus. Total economic benefits were evaluated by the product of the visitors willingness to pay times the number of tourists that visited that seashore yearly. Results show that the natural resources that constitute the Jericoacora’s landscape are seen as having a positive economic value and are, therefore, able to generate expressive economic benefits. The observed values may be utilized to justify the allocation of funds to implement projects aiming at preserving and conserving the local natural resources as well as be used to determine the value of fines that should be paid by environmental aggressors. Therefore, strategic policy makers have to decide on tourist growth limits for Jericoacora based on sustainable economic goals efficiently defined.

The master's thesis explores the process in which tourist interactions between hosts and guests develop and sheds some light on tourism imaginaries by which these interactions are constructed and produced in an Istrian pension. The ethnography of hosts and guests presented here illustrates how the global and the local are closely intertwined through the process called glocalization (Salazar, 2005) and shows that "the global not only affects, but becomes the local, and vice versa". (Leite, Graburn in Jamal, Robinson ed., 2009: 53) The thesis shows how both the global and the local can take an active part in the process of new meaning-making in the context of tourism. In the pension, there is an ongoing local struggle over tourism imaginaries seeking to redefine the place and people. (Salazar, 2012) The thesis reveals that hosts cannot be viewed as passive victims of their hosts' expectations. They rather can be viewed as active negotiators, negotiating their position in the field of tourism. Key words: globalization, truism, global, local, glocalization, hosts/guests, tourism imaginaries, identity, cosmopolitanism, tourist development Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatarinaN.pdf: 2550379 bytes, checksum: 509ee9db24aac664a7f2158196d2c9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The transformations economical, social and politics in you finish them decades of the century XX brought changes that didn't just limit to the production system. The flexible accumulation took many workers lost her/it their workstations and they look for her/it new survival forms, migrating for administrative activities, of services rendered and for the tourist activity of small and medium load. The State has been investing in the implantation of plans of tourist development in order to create favorable conditions for the reproduction of the tourist activity in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast. A space when it starts to present a predominant economical activity suffers a restructuring in their social and economical relationships. The restructuring of these relationships takes to the construction of a new espacialidade. In the city of Christmas, in Rio Grande do Norte, the neighborhood of Black Tip is the most representative of the public investments for the tourist development. After intense process of tourist urbanization, Black Tip passed interfering in the global context consolidating as the tourist locus in the city. The tourist urbanization of the neighborhood took to the transformation of the space in merchandise that is sold and consumed as such. The recreation of fragments of other cultures brought by social actors, resulting from migratory processes stimulated by the tourist development, it has been presenting ruled social relationships in the informational technology, consumption of global goods and in the fragmentation of the urban space characterized by the internationalization and cosmopolitiza??o. That process has been masking the inequalities partners and cultural as well as the territorial appropriation for an economical elite. The spaces are being appropriate for investors of the tourist section, private investors, agents and real estate producers, where the inequality is not just economical, but also cultural. The local population, mainly of the urban fraction of the Town of Black Tip, it doesn't participate of the productive process in function of the little or any professional qualification and he/she doesn't also have access to the consumption process. To the native ones it remains the fight for the preservation of his/her cultural identity and for the survival / As transforma??es econ?micas, sociais e pol?ticas nas ultimas d?cadas do s?culo XX trouxeram mudan?as que n?o se restringiram apenas ao sistema de produ??o. A acumula??o flex?vel levou muitos trabalhadores a perderam seus postos de trabalho e a buscarem novas formas de sobreviv?ncia, migrando para atividades administrativas, de presta??o de servi?os e para a atividade tur?stica de pequeno e m?dio porte. O Estado tem investido na implanta??o de planos de desenvolvimento tur?stico a fim de criar condi??es favor?veis para a reprodu??o da atividade tur?stica no Brasil, principalmente no Nordeste. Um espa?o quando passa a apresentar uma atividade econ?mica predominante sofre uma reestrutura??o em suas rela??es sociais e econ?micas. A reestrutura??o destas rela??es leva ? constru??o de uma nova espacialidade. Na cidade do Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte, o bairro de Ponta Negra ? o mais representativo dos investimentos p?blicos para o desenvolvimento tur?stico. Ap?s intenso processo de urbaniza??o tur?stica, Ponta Negra passou a se inserir no contexto global se consolidando como o l?cus tur?stico na cidade. A urbaniza??o tur?stica do bairro levou ? transforma??o do espa?o em mercadoria, que ? vendida e consumida como tal. A recria??o de fragmentos de outras culturas trazidas por atores sociais, resultante de processos migrat?rios estimulados pelo desenvolvimento tur?stico, tem apresentado rela??es sociais pautadas na tecnologia informacional, consumo de mercadorias globais e na fragmenta??o do espa?o urbano caracterizada pela internacionaliza??o e cosmopolitiza??o. Esse processo tem mascarado as desigualdades s?cias e culturais assim como a apropria??o territorial por uma elite econ?mica. Os espa?os est?o sendo apropriados por investidores do setor tur?stico, investidores privados, agentes e produtores imobili?rios, onde a desigualdade n?o ? apenas econ?mica, mas tamb?m cultural. A popula??o local, principalmente da fra??o urbana da Vila de Ponta Negra, n?o participa do processo produtivo em fun??o da pouca ou nenhuma qualifica??o profissional e tamb?m n?o tem acesso ao processo de consumo. Aos nativos resta a luta pela preserva??o de sua identidade cultural e pela sobreviv?ncia