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1	On making agricultural markets work for the poor : new evidence from Ethiopia Quattri, Maria January 2012 (has links) This thesis contributes to the literature on making agricultural markets work for the poor, with specific reference to Ethiopia. It contains three substantive chapters, which may be read independently. The chapters use primary surveys with traders conducted in 2002 (chapters 2 and 3) and 2007 (all the chapters).Chapter 1 investigates Ethiopian traders’ decision on whether and how much to use brokers. Results shine light on how the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX), which recently formalized the brokerage functions, could be most beneficial for the functioning of agricultural markets. We show that the ECX could consider introducing new food crops in the trading system, offering warehouse receipt financing to its clients, and spreading the network of its warehouses throughout the country. Chapter 2 inquires whether the focus on technological and institutional upgrading is sufficient to make Ethiopian agricultural markets more efficient and if the existence of many small intermediaries causes market inefficiency. Findings suggest that, when transporters are used, transport costs could be reduced by avoiding trans-shipment, and reducing the number of times the transporter has to stop to allow for cargo loading and off-loading. No evidence is found for increasing returns to transaction size. Chapter 3 conceptualizes the notion of market integration as ‘tradability’ and analyses what determines the likelihood of market diversification among Ethiopian traders. The variables that are found to significantly impact on this probability are location (which is correlated with access to asphalt roads), availability of market information, traders’ educational level, access to commercial finance and storage capacity. Results indicate that market fundamentals affected the likelihood of market diversification more in 2007, when prices were rapidly surging, than in 2001 when prices were decreasing. The findings of this thesis support the ‘getting markets right’ school, in that incentives, infrastructure and institutions are essential for market development, and long-distance coordination of market exchange can be achieved through public-private cooperation. 381
2	Structural Change, Mobility and Economic Policies / Changement Structurel, Mobilité et Politique Economique Ma, Xiaofei 14 September 2017 (has links) Il y a quatre chapitres dans cette thèse.Dans le premier chapitre, nous analysons les intéractions entre le marché interbancaire et le risque de défaut souverain dans un modèle d’équilibre général à deux pays, en focalisant sur la transmission de la crise financière récente et la politique monétaire non conventionnelle.Dans le deuxième chapitre, les effets de la dévaluation fiscale sur les indicateurs macroéconomiques et le bien être sont analysés en utilisant un modèle à deux pays en union monétaire o`u les variétés de biens et le commerce sont endogènes.Dans le troisième chapitre, l’impact du facteur démographique sur la croissance du secteur des services à long terme est mis en exergue.Dans le quatrième chapitre, on étudie les effets de la mobilité des travailleurs et de la mobilité du capital dans une union monétaire. / This thesis studies challenges for modern developped economies, including the structural change toward services, population ageing, weak labor mobility in the EMU and unconventional monetary policies after the 2008 financial crisis. The manuscript is divided into four chapters.In the first chapter, we analyze the interaction between interbank markets and default risk using a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model, with a focus on the transmission of the recent financial crisis and unconventional monetary policies.In the second chapter, we investigate the effects of fiscal devaluations on key macroeconomic aggregates and welfare using a two-country monetary-union model with endogenous varieties and endogenous tradability.In the third chapter, we study the impact of demographic factor and the growth of service sector by using a multi-sectoral OLG model, and effectuate counterfactual experiments in which the annual growth rate of young generation is ±1pp than the actual growth rate.In the fourth chapter, we study the potential interactions between financial integration and labor mobility in a currency union facing asymmetric shocks, and simulate the impacts of 2008 financial crisis under different mobility costs. Récession Marché interbancaire Risque de défaut souverain Politique monétaire Dévaluations fiscales Commerciabilité endogène Variétés endogènes Union monétaire Taux d’impôt Changement structurel Vieillissement de la population Croissance endogène Mobilité des facteurs Chocs asymétriques Recession Interbank market Sovereign default risk Monetary policy Fiscal devaluations Endogenus tradability Endogenous varieties Monetary union Taxes Structural change Population ageing Endogenous growth Factor mobility Asymmetric shocks 330

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On making agricultural markets work for the poor : new evidence from Ethiopia

Structural Change, Mobility and Economic Policies / Changement Structurel, Mobilité et Politique Economique