The aim of the Diploma thesis is a study of the reconstruction of the bus station in the Český Těšín. This thesis deals with designing a suitable arrangement of bus stops. Part of the thesis are also adjustments to existing parking areas, adjustments of roads for pedestrians and a suitable proposal for the use of the remaining area.

The aim of this dissertation is to propose adjustments of five chosen locations leading to increase safety and to improve financial requirements. Problematic locations can be found in the region of Ústí nad Orlicí. The work contains three variants to improve every area.

Pendant plusieurs années, les aménagements de la voirie urbaine ont été adaptés à un accroissement continuel de la circulation automobile avec l’élargissement des emprises roulables et la prédominance du noir des revêtements bitumineux. Or, la route accueille maintenant des usagers variés. Elle doit donc tenir compte de tous ces utilisateurs, leur donner la place qui leur revient et réussir à les faire cohabiter. La route doit mettre en valeur les territoires qu’elle traverse, tout en répondant à sa mission première qui est de desservir adéquatement les communautés avoisinantes. Il faut concevoir des routes de façon à ce que les conducteurs de véhicules motorisés fassent naturellement ce qu’on attend d’eux. Les revêtements colorés peuvent être utilisés pour créer des ambiances urbaines, renforcer l’identité d’une ville et faciliter la lecture des espaces. Plusieurs nouveaux aménagements routiers, allant des carrefours giratoires aux stationnements en passant par la signalisation et toutes les mesures qui permettent de modérer la circulation, sont à la disposition des concepteurs. De plus, dans un contexte de développement durable, de nouvelles techniques routières ont fait leur apparition. Parmi celles-ci, en plus des revêtements colorés, il y a les enrobés tièdes. Cette thèse, basée sur une trentaine d’années de recherches, d’enseignements, de réalisations et d’observations à travers le monde, présente ces nouveaux aménagements routiers et ces nouveaux matériaux / For years, the development and maintenance of urban road systems responded to a continuous increase in automobile traffic by extending the network, with the blacktop for asphalt pavements taking the lead. However, the road now serves a wide variety of users, which it must now satisfy even as it struggles to meet their competing end goals. The road must enhance the landscape, while adequately serving the surrounding communities. Road design must be realized in a manner that allows drivers to perform what is expected of them naturally. Coloured bituminous surfaces can be used to create urban atmospheres, to reinforce the identity of a city, to facilitate the reading of spaces, to support the cohabitation of different users and to identify different places. Several new road engineering measures, such as roundabouts, parking, traffic signs and traffic calming measures, are now available to urban planners, traffic engineers and road designers. Furthermore, in the framework of sustainable development, new road techniques have emerged, including coloured bituminous pavements and a variety of warm mix asphalt techniques. This thesis, wich is based on thirty years of research, teaching, accomplishments and observations from around the world, presents these new road management measures and materials

Machine learning and image recognition is a big and growing subject in today's society. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to compare convolutional neural networks with different hyperparameter settings and see how the hyperparameters affect the networks test accuracy in identifying images of traffic signs. The reason why traffic signs are chosen as objects to evaluate hyperparameters is due to the author's previous experience in the domain. The object itself that is used for image recognition does not matter. Any dataset with images can be used to see the hyperparameters affect. Grid search is used to create a large amount of models with different width and depth, learning rate and momentum. Convolution layers, activation functions and batch size are all tested separately. These experiments make it possible to evaluate how the hyperparameters affect the networks in their performance of recognizing images of traffic signs. The models are created using Keras API and then trained and tested on the dataset Traffic Signs Preprocessed. The results show that hyperparameters affect test accuracy, some affect more than others. Configuring learning rate and momentum can in some cases result in disastrous results if they are set too high or too low. Activation function also show to be a crucial hyperparameter where it in some cases produce terrible results.

This document represents efforts to design and evaluate a new sign design for emergency route trailblazing in a two-part series. Study 1 was an off-road field experiment conducted to determine the best color combination and letter design for the emergency sign. Based upon Study 1 results, black on coral, black on light blue, and yellow on purple signs were chosen for further testing against a baseline black on orange sign, all with 125-mm, D series letters. Study 2 was an on-road field study of conspicuity, conducted using an instrumented vehicle through a construction zone-related detour, and a survey questionnaire. The findings indicated that use of a color combination other than traditional black on orange will improve driver performance and safety when used for trailblazing during critical incidents. Based on the conclusions and other anecdotal evidence, the following recommendations were made: 1) Do not use black on orange signs for trailblazing around a critical incident if an existing detour/construction zone is in place; 2) Do not use a black on coral sign for trailblazing around a critical incident; 3) A light blue on black sign is recommended due to generally favorable subjective ratings and for minimization of turn errors in an overlapping detour; however, the black on light blue sign may resemble regulatory signs when headlights reflect onto it; and 4) If reject black on light blue signs based on (3), consider using yellow on purple signs, which resulted in fewer turn errors than black on orange and received generally favorable ratings. / Master of Science

This project examined cyclist red light running behavior using two data sets. Previous studies of cyclist compliance have investigated the tendencies of cyclists to run red lights on the whole by generalizing different maneuvers to their end outcome, running a red light. This project differentiates between the different types of red light running and focuses on the most egregious case, gap acceptance, which is when a cyclist runs a red light by accepting a gap in opposing traffic. Using video data, a mathematical model of cyclist red light running was developed for gap acceptance. Similar to other studies, this analysis utilized only information about the cyclist, intersection, and scenario that can be outwardly observed. This analysis found that the number of cyclists already waiting at the signal, the presence of a vehicle in the adjacent lane, and female sex were deterrents to red light running. Conversely, certain types of signal phasing, witnessing a violation, and lack of helmet increased the odds that a cyclist would run the red light. Interestingly, while women in general are less likely to run a red light, those who witnessed a violation were even more prone that men who had witnessed a violation to follow suit and run the red light themselves. It is likely that the differing socialization of women and men leads to different effects of witnessing a previous violator. The analysis also confirmed that a small subset of cyclists, similar to that found in the general population, are more prone to traffic violations. These cyclists are more willing to engage in multiple biking-related risk factors that include not wearing a helmet and running red lights. Although the model has definite explanatory power regarding decisions of cyclist compliance, much of the variance in the compliance choices of the sample is left unexplained. This points toward the influence of other, not outwardly observable variables on the decision to run a red light. Analysis of survey data from cyclists further confirms that individual characteristics not visible to the observer interact with intersection, scenario, and visible cyclist characteristics to result in a decision to comply (or not) with a traffic signal. Furthermore, cyclist characteristics, in general, and unobservable individual characteristics, specifically, play a larger role in compliance decisions as the number of compliance-inducing intersection traits (e.g. conflicting traffic volume) decrease. One such unobservable trait is the regard for the law by some cyclists, which becomes a more important determinant of compliance at simpler intersections. Cyclists were also shown to choose non-compliance if they questioned the validity of the red indication for them, as cyclists. The video and survey data have some comparable findings. For instance, the relationship of age to compliance was explored in both data analyses. Age was not found to be a significant predictor of non-compliance in the video data analysis while it was negatively correlated with stated non-compliance for two of the survey intersections. Gender, while having significant effects on non-compliance in the video dataset, did not emerge as an important factor in the stated non-compliance of survey takers. Helmet use had a consistent relationship with compliance between the video and survey datasets. Helmet use was positively associated with compliance in the video data and negatively associated with revealed non-compliance at two of the survey intersections. When coupled with the positive association between normlessness and stated willingness to run a red light, the relationship between helmet use and compliance solidifies the notion that a class of cyclists is more likely to consistently violate signals. It points towards a link between red light running and individuals who do not adhere to social norms and policies as strictly as others. Variables representing cyclists and motorists waiting at the signal were positively related to signal compliance in the video data. While an increased number of cyclists may be a physical deterrent to red light running, part of the influence on compliance that this variable and the variable representing the presence of a vehicle may be due to accountability of cyclists to other road users. This relationship, however, was not revealed in the stated non-compliance data from the survey. Efforts to increase cyclist compliance may not be worth a jurisdiction's resources since nearly 90% of cyclists in the video data were already compliant. If a problem intersection does warrant intervention, different methods of ensuring bicyclist compliance are warranted depending on the intersection characteristics. An alternative solution is to consider the applicability of traffic laws (originally designed for cars) to bicyclists. Creating separation in how laws affect motorists and cyclists might be a better solution for overly simple types of intersections where cyclists have fewer conflicts, better visibility, etc. than motorists. Education or other messaging aimed at cyclists about compliance is another strategy to increase compliance. Since cyclists appear to feel more justified in running red lights at low-volume, simple-looking intersections, it would probably be prudent to target messaging at these types of intersections. Many cyclists are deterred by high-volume and/or complicated looking intersections for safety reasons. Reminding cyclists of the potential dangers at other intersections may be a successful messaging strategy. Alternatively, reminding cyclists that it is still illegal to run a red light even if they feel safe doing so may be prudent. Additionally, messaging about the purpose of infrastructure such as bicycle-specific signals or lights that indicate detection at a signal may convince cyclists that stopping at the signal is in their best interest and that the wait will be minimal and/or warranted.

This diploma thesis deals with an automated detection of vertical traffic signs in images from the panoramic camera Ladybug5. From the detected signs with help of a classifier, a GIS data set is automatically created, usable for example to passportisation of traffic signs. The first part of the thesis describes a theoretical basis needed to understand the given problematics. The second part is devoted to a specific procedure leading to the reliable classifier, its testing on an independent set of images and automated creation of the GIS data set. The output of the work are the trained classifiers and the GIS data sets containing vertical traffic signs.

The diploma thesis is dealing with design of junction reconstruction in the framework of anurbanistic study. The junction is located in Slavkov village, Zlín region, where the I/54, II/498 and III/05417 roads intersect each other. The aim of the project is to design well-arranged intersection of three different types of roads and create safe, comfortable and pedestrian friendly crossroad. There are two basic versions. The modification of junction was elected as the most suitable version, which is designed and specified by technical report and drawings.

The safety at half-signalized intersections in Portland, Oregon is analyzed in this thesis using 10 years of crash history and analysis of video that was collected at a subset of intersections. A half-signalized intersection has a standard red-yellow-green traffic signal for automobiles on the major road, a stop sign for motorists on the minor road, and a pedestrian signal with actuation for pedestrians and/or bicyclists on the minor road. Although prevalent in Canada, this type of intersection control is not typically found in the United States because the MUTCD explicitly prohibits its use. Half-signal use is limited mostly to two cities in the Pacific Northwest. In Portland, Oregon there are forty-seven intersections where half-signals are used but the last installation was in 1986; Seattle has over 100 intersections with half-signals and installs these in new locations where warranted. To explore the safety records of these intersections in Portland, crash data from 2002-2011 was analyzed. A total of 442 crashes over the ten-year period at half-signals were observed. Sixteen of these 442 crashes involved pedestrians. In the crashes involving pedestrians, significant differences were found between the approach street of the vehicle and whether the pedestrian or driver was at fault. In the crash error reports, it was found that significantly more of the crashes involving pedestrians were the fault of motorists departing from the minor road who collided with pedestrians crossing the major street. Further crash analysis at half-signals was performed by developing matched comparison groups of minor stop controlled and fully signalized intersections. Crash rates were 0.158 and 0.178 crashes per million entering vehicles for 3-leg and 4-leg half-signals and these rates did not differ significantly from the minor street stop controlled and signalized comparison groups. Results from the matched comparison showed that the half-signalized group had more rear-end crashes when compared with the minor stop controlled group. This was the only result that held significance when crash rates were considered. It was also observed that the minor stop controlled group had a higher proportion of angle crashes when compared with the half-signal group but this did not influence the crash severity. Pedestrian crashes were more prevalent in the half-signal group when compared with the fully-signalized group. Pedestrian volumes were not available which would be used to determine if this significant measure is a result of higher pedestrian use at half-signals. In addition to crash analysis, video was captured at five half-signalized intersections totaling 180 hours. Traffic volumes, pedestrian and bicycle volumes, and signal actuations were collected over a twenty-four hour period. Over this twenty-four hour period the five intersections averaged daily counts of 18613 vehicles on the major street, 591 vehicles on the minor street, 263 pedestrians crossing the major street, 285 pedestrians crossing the minor street, 52 bicycles on the major street, 37 bicycles on the minor street, and 126 signal actuations. Twenty-four hour observations from each of the intersections were used to study conflicts and compliance. No conflicts were observed that reflect the left-turning from the minor street pedestrian crashes that were identified in the crash history. Compliance of the half-signal by vehicles and pedestrians was comparable to compliance at fully-signalized intersections found in other studies with one exception. Across the intersections where video was collected, consisting of four 4-leg intersections and one 3-leg intersection, seven left turn on red violations were observed which had a significant impact on the time after red that red light violations were made. It is hypothesized that at half-signals vehicles on the major street make a left turn on the red signal very late into the red phase because there is not a risk of colliding with a vehicle traveling on the minor street since traffic volumes on the minor street are comparably low. The observed left turn on red violations did not put pedestrians at risk since by that point into the signal pedestrians were already clear of the intersection. Finally, a stop compliance logistic regression model was developed at four four-leg intersections to see what factors had an effect on minor street vehicle stop compliance. All 166 hours of video were used to observe vehicles that arrived at the half-signal during the pedestrian phase. The dependent variable collected was whether a vehicle came to an acceptable stop. Independent variables collected included the vehicle's queue position, if it was the peak school period, if there was a vehicle across the street on the minor road, if a vehicle was stopped at the signal on the major street, if a pedestrian was present when the vehicle arrived, and the movement that the vehicle made from the minor street. Independent variables used in the model included the vehicle's queue position, if a vehicle was stopped at the signal on the major street, if a pedestrian was present, and if the vehicle made a right turn at the signal. Pedestrian presence and right turning vehicles had a positive impact on stop compliance. Vehicles being further back in the queue and cars stopped at the signal on the major street had a negative impact on stop sign compliance. In the model, pedestrian presence had the largest positive impact on stop compliance. When pedestrians were present, a motorist on the minor street was four times more likely to stop at the sign.

Posting advisory speed signs at sharp horizontal curve sites is a practice well established in the United States. The purpose of these signs is to provide the driving public with a safe speed to negotiate such curves; however, the link between these signs and safety has not yet been clearly established. The first manuscript in this dissertation presents an effort to model safety as it relates to curve advisory speed signs. It proposes a statistical model relating crash frequency at 2-lane rural highways in Oregon to curve advisory speed signs and other influential factors. The Advisory Speed Crash Factor (ASCF) emerges as a sub-model that characterizes the safety effect of advisory speed signs. Results indicate that safety may be compromised if the advisory speed is either excessively prohibitive or excessively permissive. The second manuscript extends the use of the proposed ASCF to develop the OSU posting method, a new procedure that procures the "optimal" advisory speed derived from the ASCF. A field validation analysis, also presented in this manuscript, verified the meaningfulness of the proposed ASCF sub-model. The third manuscript outlines another methodology, named 'the Hybrid OSU Posting Method' in an effort to mitigate the well documented variability associated with using the Ball Bank Indicator (BBI). This method determines the advisory speed using the BBI in combination with the ASCF. Though benefits in safety performance and consistency resulted from using the Hybrid OSU method, this method is still outperformed by the computational OSU method. / Graduation date: 2012 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from May 25, 2012 - May 25, 2013