Background: Heart failure is seen as a global public disease, it is one of the most common public diseases in Sweden today. The guidelines for treatment of heart failure include recommendations for physical exercise. Treatment-methods are constantly evolving, the focus of this study is on physical exercise, which is most relevant in society. Purpose: To describe the effect of physical exercise / activity in people with heart failure. Method: The literature review studied articles with a quantitative approach. Nine articles were included in the study. Results: Only results with a positive significant effect of physical exercise in people with heart failure could be found. The training methods that was used were walking-training, aerobics, cycling and interval training. Conclusion: The overview has provided knowledge of the positive impact of physical exercise for people with heart failure. In practice, the nurse provides evidence to motivate people with heart failure to an active life where there are no reasons for fear of movement.

Title: Key parts of the carved curves instruction - training set Aim of the study: The aim of the thesis is to create a multimedia tool for teaching carving arcs, which will include appropriate training exercises, broken down by key points in the teaching method and describe their implementation. Methods: In developing this thesis was used both methods and content analysis methods participant and nonparticipant observation and video analysis coupled with digital recording and practical DVD creation. Results: The result of the work is created by a DVD containing a selection of twenty eight exercises for teaching key locations in the carving. Key words: carving turn, key positions, teaching skiing, training exercises

Thesis title: Didactics of downhill skiing for peouple with lower limb amputation. Main objectives: Verification of proposed methodical series for lower-limb amputation skiers. Method: The work is of theoretical-empirical character, this is an observatory- explanation case study applied to five probands, three skiers with one- sided underknee amputation, one skier with upperknee amputation and one proband with bilatelar amputation. Selection of probands was mad by intentional selection. Based on our empiricism, we will test probands before and after the training of our methodical series proposed in the bachelor thesis, enriched with special preparátory exercises. Results: Proband J.V. improved by 51 points and T.F. by 46 points. While two more experienced skiers P.S. by 37 points and A.B. 29 points. Proband A.B., who has unilateral knee amputation, is also the most experienced skier. He has improved by a total of twenty-nine points, at the highest skill level from the entire set of probands. A separate chapter in our ensemble was a skier with a two-sided amputation who had the least improvement at the lowest skill level. Such a skier is in an incomparably more difficult situation. Conclusion: In our diploma thesis, we have found that our methodological system has proven to be useful and we hope it...

No description available.

This thesis concentrates on compiling a set of exercises which should serve beginner riders as training, muscle-developing and stretching exercises. The work may be divided into three basic parts. Compilation of exercises with respect to the theoretical knowledge of a rider's movements on a horse. Choice of a suitable group of contenders for the experiment and testing their physical abilities with a set of motoric tests. Check-out measuring of changes in movement abilities after fourteen weeks of checking the efficiency of the proposed set of exercises. The project also contains the horseback riding theory and the theory of developing and stretching particular muscle groups. In the final part of the thesis the gathered data are presented in charts and their values, after their statistic evaluation, transfered into graphs.

L’activité physique, couramment exprimée en multiple des besoins du métabolisme de base, induit une dépense supplémentaire en termes d’énergie qui varie selon les exercices pratiqués et leurs caractéristiques. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices d’entraînement chez le cheval trotteur attelé. Pour cela, la consommation d’oxygène (VO2) et la fréquence cardiaque (FC) ont été mesurées en conditions de terrain sur des chevaux trotteurs maintenus en situation expérimentale contrôlée à partir d’un appareil portable de mesure des échanges respiratoires, le K4b² équin et l’Equimask. Les chevaux ont été soumis à quatre exercices d’entraînement utilisés chez le cheval trotteur : promenade, jogging, parcours et interval. Des mises au point méthodologiques se sont avérées nécessaires pour répondre à notre objectif de thèse et ont été menées de manière préliminaire à la quantification énergétique. Nos travaux ont montré que l’utilisation de l’analyseur portable des échanges gazeux permet d’obtenir des données cardiorespiratoires cohérentes, même à des vitesses de course élevées (12 m/s) et ainsi d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux différents exercices. Néanmoins pour une application pratique sur le terrain, nos résultats suggèrent que la fréquence cardiaque peut être utilisée pour estimer VO2, sous conditions d’avoir individuellement établie la relation VO2/FC au cours d’un test incrémental spécifique à la discipline du trot. Nos résultats confirment l’intérêt d’investiguer la dépense énergétique spécifique à chaque exercice puisque cette dernière est directement liée à l’intensité, à la durée et au type d’exercice pratiqué. En effet, nous avons proposé des coefficients de majoration de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices en multiple des besoins liés au métabolisme de base. Les coefficients de majoration correspondent à 1,26 – 1,23 – 1,39 et 1,39 fois les besoins d’entretien pour les exercices promenade, jogging, parcours et interval respectivement. En moyenne, une semaine type d’entraînement chez un cheval trotteur induit une augmentation de ces besoins en énergie de 1,30 fois les besoins d’entretien. Bien que cette estimation nécessite d’être complétée en ajoutant la contribution anaérobie dans la fourniture énergétique mais aussi l’ensemble des pratiques complémentaires exercées par les chevaux trotteurs, nos travaux apportent de nouveaux éléments à la quantification de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices spécifiques chez le cheval trotteur attelé. / Physical activity, commonly expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic requirements, induces an additional energy cost which varied with exercises and their characteristics. The objective of the present work was to estimate energy expenditure related to training exercises in the harnessed Standardbred trotters. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured in field conditions in trotters maintained under controlled situation using a portable device measuring respiratory gas exchanges, the equine K4b² and the Equimask. Trotters were submitted to four exercises used in the trotter training: ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’. Preliminary to the quantification of the exercise energy expenditure, some methodological adaptations were needed. Our results showed that the use of portable analyzers provides consistent cardiorespiratory data even at high running speeds (12 m/s) and thus a good estimation of the exercise energy expenditure. However for practical application in the field, our results suggest that heart rate can be used to estimate VO2, particularly when individual VO2/HR curve was established previously. Our results confirm the interest of the investigation of the exercise energy expenditure which is directly related to the intensity, duration and type of exercise performed. Indeed, we proposed coefficients to increase total energy expenditure due to the exercise in multiple to the energy basal metabolism. Coefficients correspond to 1.26 - 1.23 to 1.39 and 1.39 times the maintenance requirements for ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’ exercises. A typical training week in trained trotter requires an increase of the energy 1.30 times maintenance requirements. Although this estimate needs to be completed by adding anaerobic contribution to the energy supply but also all additional physical activities performed by trained trotters, our work provides new evidence to quantify energy expenditure related to specific exercises in harnessed Standardbred trotter.