The WoodCluster project (2017-2021) focused on national bio-economies based on farm wood production in East African Countries. The project consortium was a South-South-North network with partners from Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda and Germany. In the project, the dynamics and resulting problems of an increasing wood supply gap, and possible solutions were investigated. The project had two main components: research and teaching. As an output of the teaching component, this trainer manual was developed for wood-based value chain actors in Ethiopia. This trainer manual aims to combine the theory of value chain development with participatory teaching methods and integrate this approach into extensions services linked to wood-based value chain actors in Ethiopia, thereby supporting their sustainable development. It especially intends to provide these trainers with insights into value chain development (VCD) tools and participatory knowledge transfer methods. The focus will be on participatory VCD approaches relevant to wood-based value chain actors. With the trainer manual, officers and trainers will be able to apply participatory VCD trainings to wood-based value chain actors in a Training of Trainers (ToT) session. Since these value chains and actors can vary depending on the regional setting, the raw material or end-product of interest, the defined scope, or the value chain development goals, the ToT will teach several approaches on the basis of which the officers and trainers can design suitable participatory VCD workshops. The trainer manual serves as a reference guide for trainers, who conduct participatory trainings, and extension agents linked to wood-based value chains in Ethiopia. The manual is constructed and arranged in such a way, so that a wide range of trainers with different skill levels and capacities may apply the participatory training in different conditions. Rather than presenting one appropriate teaching method, the manual presents several that allows the trainer to adapt the overall training approach based on the target group and conditions of the training.:Acknowledgements IV List of Figures V List of Tables VI 1 Preface 1 2 Introduction 1 2.1 Natural forest 3 2.2 Woodlots 4 2.3 Trading wood products 4 2.4 Sawmilling and furniture production 5 2.5 The need for value chain development tools 5 3 Value Chain Development (VCD) 6 4 Supporting Wood-based Value Chain Actors in Ethiopia 8 4.1 Extension services for rural development 8 4.2 Current challenges of extension services in Ethiopia 9 4.3 Value Chain Development through participatory trainings 9 5 Planning and Initiating Participatory VCD 10 5.1 Setting the objective 10 5.2 Defining the value chain scope and selecting participants 10 5.3 Logistical preparations 12 5.4 Designing and planning VCD workshops 12 6 Implementing Participatory VCD workshops 12 6.1 Introductory Session 12 6.2 Session 1: Value Chain Mapping 17 6.3 Session 2: Challenges and Upgrading Options 25 6.4 Session 3: Value Chain Development with Collective Action 30 7 Post-training Activities 34 7.1 Reflecting on training outcomes 34 7.2 Monitoring and Facilitating Value Chain Development 34 Literature 35

Bullying is a serious issue that exists not only in the United States but in other countries as well. There are significant, and often devastating, implications for both the bully and the victim. This research focused on the perspectives of teachers, principals, and counselors related to bullying in two elementary schools in Utah and Mexico. Through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions and archival records, this qualitative study explored different perspectives on bullying found in two schools exhibiting approximately the same student and teacher demographics. Interviews with teachers, counselors and principals allowed for comparison of differences and similarities between both locations. Consistent themes developed throughout the study regarding the issue of bullying and how it was addressed differently at each site. Many of these differences stemmed from three main elements. The main elements that emerged were the contrast in training that was provided to teachers, the role of the principal, and the support for educators practicing the strategies they were taught. In addition, differences were also found in the understanding of the law and policies surrounding bullying.

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The issue of effective communication with the international students and their comfortable adaptation play an important role in developing the U.S. higher educational system in the field of competition of educational services. The international student population benefits from higher education just as much as higher education benefits from them. If universities are willing to recruit and retain more international students, they must be sensitive to the perceptions, needs, and concerns of prospective and enrolled international students. In order to sustain this, staff and faculty have to be exposed to certain trainings and experiences that will allow them to gain basic knowledge regarding international student adaptation, the challenges they undergo, and the resources they must provide that can be helpful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether participation in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) trainings and experience of work and study abroad impact the ability to provide systems of support for international students at a four-year public institution. By examining the potential relationships between these factors, the study intended to contribute valuable insights into how institutions can enhance their efforts in fostering an inclusive and supportive environment for the international student body. Additionally, the research sought to uncover any challenges or gaps in the current approaches to DEI initiatives and internationalization efforts, providing a foundation for evidence-based recommendations for improving the overall student experience in a globalized educational setting. Based on the literature findings a huge gap was found in exploring the universities’ contributions to improve the adaptation process rather than listing the ways international students could help themselves. The findings of this research have the potential to not only inform academic scholarship in the fields of international education and diversity studies but also provide actionable recommendations for institutions seeking to improve their support systems for students from all over the world.

In distance education, students and teachers are at different places and interact with each other with the help of different technologies. Broadcast television, two-way video conferencing, asynchronous learning mode, virtual learning environment (VLE) and content based multimedia computer based trainings (CB-MCBTs) are some of the technologies used to provide distance education. Content Based Multimedia Computer Based Trainings (CB-MCBT) is a computerized learning environment. The acceptance of computerized learning environment is based on its usability. And usability in any computerized learning environment is supportive to learners and it increases their learning experiences of learners. Authors of this research have evaluated usability of CBMCBTs, specifically CB-MCBTs designed by AIOU. Usability evaluation has been performed to find out usability issues in CB-MCBTs, and figured out requirements of learners regarding CB-MCBTs. To figure out usability issues in CBMCBTs authors have used inquiry technique with focus group and questionnaire. Authors have proposed usability criteria to evaluate usability of CB-MCBTs. Each element of proposed criteria is based on principle of user interface design, and three main usability aspects: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. Development of CB-MCBTs in AIOU is nice and unique effort in the field of computer based trainings. However if these CB-MCBTs are designed to support distance education, then AIOU should focus on the availability of CB-MCBTs to the students, feedbacks within CB-MCBT and feedback from university to students and completeness of these CB-MCBTs regarding features and facilities required by the students. This research also gives recommendation to AIOU for improvements in CB-MCBTs. These recommendations are helpful to fix usability issues in CB-MCBTs and to make these CB-MCBTs according to the requirements of learners.

As ações da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental desenvolvidas no município de São Paulo aspiram enfrentar os desafios específicos de cada território, tendo em vista a dimensão populacional e sua distribuição que, somadas ao quadro de interferência antrópica que acomete os diferentes ecossistemas, comprometem a saúde humana. Diante da complexidade do trabalho desenvolvido pela Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e das diversificadas condições enfrentadas por seus técnicos, foram realizadas capacitações, compreendendo-as como estratégia de educação que possibilitasse aos trabalhadores se apropriarem das questões ambientais que interferem na saúde e, assim, pudessem encontrar alternativas para os desafios. Esta pesquisa procurou avaliar essas capacitações por meio de estudo qualitativo. Através de grupo focal composto por profissionais das equipes locais de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, buscou-se verificar a pertinência das capacitações e a metodologia utilizada, o impacto promovido nos técnicos e as alterações observadas em suas práticas, assim como as sugestões para o aprimoramento de suas atuações. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), permitindo identificar que, para assimilar e expandir o conhecimento e, assim, responder aos desafios e necessidades das equipes técnicas da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental será necessário dar continuidade e persistir na formação desses profissionais através de Educação Permanente e Ampliada. A avaliação qualitativa das capacitações realizadas, acrescidas das sugestões que daí surgiram, resultou em Proposta de Programa de Educação Permanente para as Equipes de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental do município de São Paulo, na expectativa de aprimorar os processos de trabalho de seus técnicos e aproximar-se da Atenção Primária à Saúde. / The actions developed in the city of São Paulo by the Environmental Health Surveillance crave to face the specific variables of each territory. These actions consider the population rate and its distribution as well as the actual anthropic interference, which impacts the different ecosystems and the human health Therefore, the strategy adopted was to promote employee training to find solutions to the needs presented, as well as to allow them to appropriate environmental issues that interfere with health and, thus, to find alternatives to face the challenges. This work aims to present a qualitative analysis, through the method of Bardin (2016), of the trainings carried out by the Environmental Health Surveillance. Through a focus group composed of professionals from the local teams, we sought to evaluate the relevance of such training, the methodology used, the impact promoted on the technicians and the changes observed in their practices, as well as suggestions for improving their performance. The qualitative assessment of the training courses delivered, as well as the suggestions arising from those trainings, resulted in the Permanent Education Proposal for Environmental Health Surveillance Teams in the city of São Paulo. The Proposal aims to continue and increase the training of professionals who work in Environmental Health Surveillance to improve the working procedures of its technicians in order to get closer to Primary Health Care.

This diploma thesis analyses education and development of employees in selected organization. The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the current system of education and development of employees in selected organization. Theoretical part defines the basic terminology, which is more elaborated in practical part. Practical part consists of description of the organization, description of education that is currently being used and also questionnaires for employees, and unstructured interview. Questionnaires include twenty questions, that were given to the employees of selected business. Most of the employees were very willing and helpful. Questionnaire contains questions targeted at education and development of employees. Output of these questionnaires is finding, whether the organization motivates employees enough to increase their education and whether it offers or mediates sufficient amount of methods to increase education. The work is concluded with proposals and suggestions for making the education system more efficient.

As ações da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental desenvolvidas no município de São Paulo aspiram enfrentar os desafios específicos de cada território, tendo em vista a dimensão populacional e sua distribuição que, somadas ao quadro de interferência antrópica que acomete os diferentes ecossistemas, comprometem a saúde humana. Diante da complexidade do trabalho desenvolvido pela Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e das diversificadas condições enfrentadas por seus técnicos, foram realizadas capacitações, compreendendo-as como estratégia de educação que possibilitasse aos trabalhadores se apropriarem das questões ambientais que interferem na saúde e, assim, pudessem encontrar alternativas para os desafios. Esta pesquisa procurou avaliar essas capacitações por meio de estudo qualitativo. Através de grupo focal composto por profissionais das equipes locais de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, buscou-se verificar a pertinência das capacitações e a metodologia utilizada, o impacto promovido nos técnicos e as alterações observadas em suas práticas, assim como as sugestões para o aprimoramento de suas atuações. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), permitindo identificar que, para assimilar e expandir o conhecimento e, assim, responder aos desafios e necessidades das equipes técnicas da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental será necessário dar continuidade e persistir na formação desses profissionais através de Educação Permanente e Ampliada. A avaliação qualitativa das capacitações realizadas, acrescidas das sugestões que daí surgiram, resultou em Proposta de Programa de Educação Permanente para as Equipes de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental do município de São Paulo, na expectativa de aprimorar os processos de trabalho de seus técnicos e aproximar-se da Atenção Primária à Saúde. / The actions developed in the city of São Paulo by the Environmental Health Surveillance crave to face the specific variables of each territory. These actions consider the population rate and its distribution as well as the actual anthropic interference, which impacts the different ecosystems and the human health Therefore, the strategy adopted was to promote employee training to find solutions to the needs presented, as well as to allow them to appropriate environmental issues that interfere with health and, thus, to find alternatives to face the challenges. This work aims to present a qualitative analysis, through the method of Bardin (2016), of the trainings carried out by the Environmental Health Surveillance. Through a focus group composed of professionals from the local teams, we sought to evaluate the relevance of such training, the methodology used, the impact promoted on the technicians and the changes observed in their practices, as well as suggestions for improving their performance. The qualitative assessment of the training courses delivered, as well as the suggestions arising from those trainings, resulted in the Permanent Education Proposal for Environmental Health Surveillance Teams in the city of São Paulo. The Proposal aims to continue and increase the training of professionals who work in Environmental Health Surveillance to improve the working procedures of its technicians in order to get closer to Primary Health Care.

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