The target of this study was to explore a distribution and prevalence of parasitic helmints in population of wild European otters in the Czech Republic. For this purpose organization ALKA wildlife o.p.s. provided 15 cadavers of these animals. This gained experimental material was consequently subjected to a detailed parasitical examination. All examinations and analises were made in the parazitical laboratory of Department of Zoology and Fishers, Faculty of Agrobiology, food and natural resources in Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague. The discovered parazitic organisms were subsequently isolated and determined. This autopsy showed the occurrence of parasitic flukes of genus Metorchis. Prevalence was counted 13.33 % (two positive samples from all fifteen samples). In the first sample, there were found 17 flukes, in the second sample, there were found 11 flukes. The place of discovery of this samples was southern Bohemia. The occurence of other expected representers of tapeworms, roundworms and acanthocephala were not confirmed. Results can be disorted because of low number of examined biological material. But getting bigger amount of material is a problem because the European otters are protected by law. The results show that in population of wild European otters occur parasitic flukes of genus Metorchis. Since this is the first mention of their occurrence in the Czech Republic, it would be appropriate to study this issue from now to get more results that would be more exact.

No description available.

No description available.

The gastrointestinal microbiota of livestock is a complex and diverse ecosystem, which strongly depends and correlates with animals health. One of the many ways, how to improve the composition of this microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, is application of probiotics, prebiotics or an appropriate combination called as synbiotics. Using subtle interventions can be achieved health benefits, increase of some indicators livestock performance and improving the economic situation of farming. The aim of the thesis was to find out the effect of prebiotics on the currently applied probiotics and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Three groups of calves were studied. In the first one the mixture of five strains of rifampicin resistant variants of Bifidobacterium (RRBif): Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. animalis (2 strains), B. choerinum, B. thermophilum and B. longum ssp. suis was fed to 2 days old calves in a form of fermented milk. In the second group probiotics were adminestered together with prebiotics mixture contains fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides everyday. The third group without synbiotic treatment was used as a control. The numerous of main bacterial groups in gastrointestinal tract were determined by cultivation. Our results showed that applied bacteria were able to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of calves. Administered bacteria persist in counts more than 107 CFU/g in the group of calves, that were fed only by probiotics and in numbers 108 CFU/g in the group of calves, that were treated by synbiotics. Furthermore a slow decrease of bifidobacterial numbers to 104 CFU / g was observed in both groups. Significant difference (p = 0.05) between the count of RRBif in probiotic and synbiotic group were determined only two days after administration of that additive. Administration of probiotics and synbiotics to calves increased the count of naturally occurring bifidobacteria, but these differences were not significant.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the design changes of intake and exhaust systems of naturally aspirated combustion engine with the aim to improve its dynamic characteristics. An overview of intake and exhaust tract designs (together with their impact on the engine efficiency) is provided in the introductory part of the thesis. Based on this knowledge, modifications of the intake and exhaust systems of Ford Windsor V8 engine were proposed and installed in a vehicle. A series of dynamic and static tests on chassis dynamometer were carried out in order to measure the impact of the changes on the torque curve. The impacts of the changes are presented in detailed analysis of power and torque characteristics with respect to the engine speed. The results are discussed and the possible causes of observed phenomena are identified.

In zwei voneinander unabhängigen Durchgängen wurden jeweils 72 Absetzferkeln ab dem 21. Lebenstag für die Dauer von sechs Wochen verschiedene Zusätze gefüttert. In den Verumgruppen kam jeweils eine der folgenden Substanzen zum Einsatz: ein kommerziell vertriebenes Oreganoölpräparat (0,05%), Bohnenkrautrebelware (1,0%), das aus dieser Pflanze gewonnene ätherische Öl (0,033%), Kakaoschalen (1,0%) sowie Schwarzkümmelpresskuchen (1,0%). In einer unter gleichen Bedingungen aufgestallten negativen Kontrollgruppe wurde nur ein Alleinfuttermittel (Typ Ferkelaufzuchtfutter) gefüttert. In einer positiven Kontrollgruppe wurde 1,0% Topinamburpulver, enthält die Präbiotika Inulin, Fructooligosaccharide und Oligofructose, eingesetzt. Da die Magen-Darm-Flora und das Immunsystem einen starken Einfluss auf die Entwicklung eines Individuums haben, wurden einige aussagekräftige Parameter dieser beiden Systeme untersucht um die durch die verschiedenen Zusätze eventuell hervorgerufenen Unterschiede in der Entwicklung der Ferkel erklären zu können. Hierfür wurden zu vier verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (20./21./23., 28., 49. und 63. Lebenstag (LT)) die folgenden bakteriologischen Parameter aus Faecesproben mittels kultureller Verfahren untersucht: aerobe und anaerobe Gesamtkeimzahl (GKZ), GKZ Gram-negativer Aerobier sowie die Keimzahl der Gattungen Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, der Spezies Clostridium perfringens und von Hefen. In zeitgleich entnommenen Blutproben wurden mittels ELISA-Verfahren die Konzentrationen folgender immunologischer Parameter bestimmt: C-reaktives Protein, Haptoglobin, IgG und IgM gegen das Lipopolysaccharid von Escherichia coli J5 sowie gegen die Phospholipase C von Clostridium perfringens und der Gesamtgehalt an IgG und IgM. Weiterhin wurden der pH-Wert, sowie die Konzentration von SCFA und D-bzw. L-Laktat in den Kotproben untersucht. Zur objektiven Erfassung der Entwicklung der Ferkel wurden die Körpermasse wöchentlich und die aufgenommene Futtermenge täglich erfasst. Durch keinen der in diesem Versuch eingesetzten Zusätze wurde die Gewichtsentwicklung der aufgestallten Absetzferkel beeinflusst. Einige, bei einzelnen Parametern zu beobachtende Unterschiede zwischen den Tieren der verschiedenen Fütterungsgruppen, konnten nicht mit einer veränderten Gewichtsentwicklung der Tiere an sich in Verbindung gebracht werden.

Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases are important regulatory and signalling molecules, which are involved in majority of cellular processes such as differentiation, DNA repair, and regulation of energetic metabolism or immune response. E3 Ubiquitin ligases are also responsible for pathophysiological changes in the organism and their activity is associated with many human diseases including cancers. This makes E3 Ubiquitin ligases to be new diagnostic markers and interesting pharmaceutical targets. Based on previous studies, these enzymes evince very specific expression in the level of tissues or cell populations. Determination of this specific expression is important for a better understanding of their biological function. In this diploma thesis we systematically screened presence of 370 genes of E3-Ub ligases in gastrointestinal tract under physiological conditions and during acute inflammatory damage of distal colon. Obtained data allowed us to select genes, which can play important role in homeostasis as well as pathophysiology and regeneration of gastrointestinal tract. The screening was based on the expression profiling using qPCR, followed by in situ hybridization to determine the exact localization of the gene expression within tissues. From qPCR analysis was predicted hundred thirty seven candidates for...

This dissertation deals with equine colic deseases. There were over sixty-nine different causes of equine colic deseases by sixty-nine horses with different breed, age, sex, kind of housing, feeding and also different uses used in thist research. Necessary information were obtained by personal interviews and by complating the horses registration form. Another method of obtaning necessary information was addressing potentional respondents in social media and the insert of form with the posibility of filling. There were also cooperation with vet during creation of this desertation. The aim of this desertation was to look into the issue of equine colic diseases and find out with what do people, as horse breeders, contribute to development of diseases. The other circumstances were evaluated, which dont belong to breeding causes, but they could affect the formation of colic diseases. These results serve as a recommendation to horse breeders and keepers about which other circumstances they can pay attention to and together with elimination of breeding causes could reduce the amount of equine colic diseases. It was found, that the breeding causes of equine colic diseases was inappropriately selected deworming program, when the most diseased horses were dewormed two-times a year (53,62 %), the absence of equine dental treatment (57 %), and the type of stabling like in box at night, outside during the day (62,32 %). Horses which suffer by colic the most was the ones which was used only for recreational riding (52 %). Another cause of equine colic dinase was nutrition, 70 % of diseased horses accepted concentrated feed daily and 58 % diseased horses was feeded only one time a day. In breeding management was as a causing factor found stress in 4,35 %, changes in physical aktivity in 2,9 %, in 21,74 % cases it was a diet mistakes and incorrectly watering (such as lack of water or very cold water) in 4,35 %.

The aim of this thesis is to realize analysis of problematics of aerodynamic calculations of steam boilers on the part of combustion air. On the basis of project documentation realize evaluations of sectional dissipation factors of each component of inlet tract. Realize calculation of summary pressure (draft) loss. Specify components with highest loss and propose options of their optimization.