<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse Europol. The research questions are:</p><p>- How would increased powers for Europol impact on the cooperation between Europol and police authorities in EU-member states?</p><p>- Which one of the two theories transactionalism and neofunctionalism can best create an understanding of Europol and its integration with the police of the member states?</p><p>In so doing the study applies a qualitative method.</p><p>Europol is the European Police Office and it was established through the Maastricht treaty in 1992 with the purpose of making the integration between police of the EU member states more efficient. In order for Europol to make integration between the police of member states more efficient it can be suggested that it needs for Europol to develop into having executive powers.</p><p>One conclusion of this study is that Europol is an important tool for integration in the EU but there are at least three issues that are influencing the level of effectiveness in the integration work between the police of the member states; possible mistrust, that Europol has no executive powers and that it is voluntary for member states to participate in assisting Europol with information. Another conclusion is that Europol can be understood through an integration perspective when transactionalism and neofunctionalism are complementing each other.</p>

Minimalism in contemporary memorial design has been criticised for being meaningless and inappropriate in creating powerful monuments (Long, 2007). However, abstraction in modern art and landscape design can appeal to the human 'subconscious', which inspires design and enriches the experience of viewers and visitors (Jellicoe, 1966, 1970, 1993). This study investigated the meanings and the values that contemporary memorials hold through theoretical and empirical study, by which means of 'collective identity', individual and community engagement are enriched. This notion of engagement in contemporary memorial was examined based on the psychological theories s of 'transaction' (Altman and Rogoff, 1987; Dewey and Bentley, 1949; Pepper, 1942, 1967) and 'personal projects' (Little, 1983). Some other notions, such as 'anti-memorial', 'personalisation' and 'mirroring', drawn from memorial design, environmental psychology and philosophy of art, were discussed in relation to the main theoretical background. Accordingly, this research drew a distinction between the classical memorial, where symbolic representation is viewed in isolation from the viewers and their internal cognition, and the contemporary memorial landscape with its potential for transaction and shared memory, in which a spectator becomes a participant. As memorial design is a complex and multi-layered process, a memorial project for Palestinian displacement was conducted as a complementary part to the main scientific research. It offered a complementary approach to the conventional scientific inquiry, where the research situation is not a problem to be solved, but an enquiry whose problematic situations are characterised by 'uncertainty', 'disorder' and 'indeterminacy' (Schon, 1983). The collection methods for qualitative and quantitative data were observation and behavioural mapping in conjunction with theory of 'affordances' and the 'personal projects' questionnaire of memorial users. Data was collected from three memorial landscapes in London: the Princess Diana Memorial Fountain (PDMF), the 7 July Memorial (7JM) and the John F. Kennedy Memorial (JFKM). They vary in scale, design approach and process. Applying these methods enabled the researcher to attain more insights into memorial behavioural settings and their possible affordances and transactional properties. Key results of the data analysis showed that PDMF had high levels of transaction and a cathartic nature through qualities of playfulness, bodily involvement and social value. While the success of this memorial mainly lay in its cathartic and grieving quality, the ceremonial phallic design of 7JM and the allegorical landscape of JFKM did prove to create successful and powerful memorials through both their didactic and cathartic dimensions. The text and lettering embossed on the design elements helped these to occur simultaneously. The intended outcome of this research was to contribute to the recent development of the way contemporary designers and artists should approach memorial design. This was in the form of design guidelines and statements, which allowed individuals and communities to gain access to what a memorial could symbolise. This could be achieved through memorial physical forms representing different meanings associated with the commemorated subject, and by addressing the memorial design process in relation to both users' perception and designer's intention.

The EU-Turkey relations have been complicated for over fifty years, namely since the Ankara Agreement. The civil war in Syria broke out in 2011 and since then Turkey has been struggling with the rise of migrants. The migration crisis affected the EU in 2015. Therefore, the cooperation between the EU and Turkey to solve migration crisis was necessary. This diploma thesis engages in communication and negotiation between the EU and Turkey about a common action to solve the migration crisis. Karl Deutsch's communication theory was chosen as the theoretical framework. We can namely observe the concept of feedback during the negotiations of joint Action Plan and joint statement to tackle irregular migration. First is explained the history and development of the EU-Turkey relations. The history of the EU-Turkey relations is explained since Turkey applied for association to the European Economic Community. The EU-Turkey relations are affected by bad relations between Turkey and some EU member states. Currently, the EU-Turkey relations are more complicated because of the purges and human rights abuse after the unsuccessful coup attempt in 2016. Turkey has got stronger position in negotiations of cooperation. Turkey has grasped the chances of the migration crisis to revive some policy processes - as visa...

Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse Europol. The research questions are: - How would increased powers for Europol impact on the cooperation between Europol and police authorities in EU-member states? - Which one of the two theories transactionalism and neofunctionalism can best create an understanding of Europol and its integration with the police of the member states? In so doing the study applies a qualitative method. Europol is the European Police Office and it was established through the Maastricht treaty in 1992 with the purpose of making the integration between police of the EU member states more efficient. In order for Europol to make integration between the police of member states more efficient it can be suggested that it needs for Europol to develop into having executive powers. One conclusion of this study is that Europol is an important tool for integration in the EU but there are at least three issues that are influencing the level of effectiveness in the integration work between the police of the member states; possible mistrust, that Europol has no executive powers and that it is voluntary for member states to participate in assisting Europol with information. Another conclusion is that Europol can be understood through an integration perspective when transactionalism and neofunctionalism are complementing each other.

Anglický abstrakt diplomové práce - Kateřina Majerová Policejní spolupráce na česko-bavorské hranici v letech 1989-2012 This diploma thesis deals with police cooperation on the Czech-Bavarian border. The police forces of a particular state are supposed to promote and enforce abiding by the law in a territory surrounded by the state borders. Borders are more and more penetrable even for criminal issues; therefore, the cooperation with colleagues on the other side of the borderline is essential for fulfilment of the above-mentioned task. In terms of time the topic of this thesis is delimited by the period between 1989 and 2012. The aim of the thesis is to verify the fulfilment of Karl Deutsch's concept of transactionalism on the example of this particular cooperation. For this purpose the author examines three areas on which she demonstrates the fulfilment of this concept - compatibility of states in the view of police cooperation, existence of a common interest and forms of interaction and their development. The diploma thesis consists of four chapters. Firstly, the author studies the concept of border as a place of clash and contact which analytically helps to fulfil Deutsch's concept. Furthermore, she draws attention to the institutional base of police cooperation. She presents not only the way of...