<div> <div> <div> <p>Parental care has evolved promote fitness gains. Burying beetles engage in extensive pre- hatching and post-hatching parental care providing several avenues to transmit bacteria to their offspring. One aspect of pre-hatching parental care consists of preserving a small vertebrate carcass via oral and anal secretions, allowing the carcass to be used as a reproductive resource. Post-hatching parental care consists in large part of parental regurgitations of the preserved carcass. We sought to determine if pre-hatching parental care resulted in bacterial transmission from adults to carcasses via anal secretions. We then sought to determine if lab-rearing conditions affected the digestive tract bacterial communities of F1 and F2 generation adults. We finally sought to determine if carcasses and post-hatching parental care in the form of parental regurgitations resulted into bacterial transmission to larvae. Using High-Throughput Illumina MiSeq, we were able to characterize bacterial communities of adult and larval digestive tracts, anal secretions, and unprepared and prepared carcasses. Our results show that bacterial communities of adults are dissimilar from anal secretions and prepared carcasses. We then show that lab-rearing conditions do not significantly alter digestive tract bacterial communities of F1 and F2 generation adults relative to wild caught adults. We proceed to show that larvae receiving parental regurgitations have digestive tract bacterial communities similar to their parents whereas larvae that do not receive parental regurgitations have dissimilar digestive tract bacterial communities from their parents. We further show that bacterial communities of prepared carcasses are dissimilar from all larvae. Our evidence suggests that anal secretions to preserve carcasses for the reproductive bout and have no influence on bacterial transmission to neither carcasses nor larvae. Our evidence also suggests that parental regurgitations influence bacterial transmission to offspring. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Hand-off communication from the emergency department (ED) to inpatient nurses is an important process for transfer of safe and quality patient care from one department to another. Annually, there are130.4 million ED visits with 12.2 million of those visits resulting in hospital admission, providing ample opportunities for poor communication (Rui, Kang, & Albert, 2013). Miscommunications during patient hand-off are estimated to contribute to 80% of adverse events (The Joint Commission, 2012). This theory-driven, quality improvement project sought to evaluate the hand-off communication process between nurses from the ED and nurses in the inpatient Medical/Surgical units using human factors System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) approach, originally created by Pasqual Carayon in 2006. An online survey was created using an adapted SEIPS Model evaluating the interactive concepts of person, tools and technologies, tasks, organization, and environment and their impact on staff and patient outcomes. The survey was distributed to both the ED and Medical/Surgical nurses to gain their perspective on the interdepartmental hand-off communication process and how it impacts the staff and patient outcomes. There as an included option for the bedside nurses to provide recommendations on how to improve the hand-off communication process. Data was collected, anonymously, through an online database and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. The quality improvement project found that majority of nurses prefer verbal hand-off communication with a structured standard format of delivery in conjunction with the electronic health record. The project found that nurses perceive that the nurse-to-patient ratio and surrounding tasks impact the effectiveness and quality of hand-off communication. The most common suggested hand-off communication improvements were to not allow hand-off communication or transfer of the patient from the ED to the Medical/Surgical unit during peak times, such as shift change, and to follow up on tools and technology compliance. Overall, the person, the tools and technologies, the tasks, and the environment are contributing to ineffective hand-off, while the organization has adequately provided the resources the staff needs to perform an effective hand-off communication. All of which were concluded to have an impact on the staff and patient outcomes.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

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