Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed January 5, 2010). PDF text: x, 249 p. ; 2 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3360162. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

This dissertation research constitutes a mixed methods investigation of the phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. An integrative review of the current literature about NSSI among sexual and gender minority populations established that NSSI is reported at higher rates by sexual and gender minorities than by cisgender (nontransgender) and heterosexual populations. Additionally, TGNC people appeared to report higher rates of NSSI than cisgender sexual minorities. Among TGNC people, transmasculine spectrum people (i.e., gender identity is male, man, transgender man, transmasculine, genderqueer, nonbinary, etc., with female sex assigned at birth) reported higher rates of NSSI compared to transfeminine spectrum people (i.e., gender identity is female, woman, transgender woman, transfeminine, genderqueer, nonbinary, etc., with male sex assigned at birth). Guided by Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model and Nock’s (2009) model of NSSI, qualitative interviews were conducted with eighteen transmasculine individuals to understand what contributes to the higher rates of NSSI in this population. The qualitative data supported aspects of Nock’s model as well as minority stress processes, and additionally revealed that NSSI may be related to transgender identity development processes. Aspects of Nock’s model that were supported included risk factors for NSSI (adverse childhood experiences), intrapersonal and interpersonal vulnerability factors, and identification with the behavior. Minority stress processes related to stigma associated with transgender identity included the impact of nonconformity in appearance and behavior, nonconformity in identity with nonbinary identified participants reporting additional stress, concealment of identity, and expectations of rejection. Transgender identity development stages of pre-coming out (confusion prior to understanding one’s gender identity), coming out, and exploration (finding a community of similar peers) were also related to NSSI. This latter finding highlighted that, in addition to being a response to stigma and minority stress, NSSI may occur in the context of normal transgender identity development. Finally, a quantitative investigation was conducted to examine correlates of past-year NSSI among a diverse community-based sample of TGNC people. In the total sample (N = 332), 53.3% (n = 177) of participants reported having engaged in NSSI in their lifetime. Lifetime history of NSSI was more common among transmasculine spectrum compared to transfeminine spectrum participants (60.5% vs. 39.5%, p < 0.001). Past 12-month NSSI was reported by 22.3% (n = 74) of the sample and was not significantly different between transmasculine and transfeminine spectrum participants. Younger age and higher levels of felt stigma were associated with higher rates of NSSI, while transgender identity acceptance and congruence were protective factors. Together, the findings of this mixed method investigation provided new insights into the onset and maintenance of NSSI among TGNC people, informing the development of interventions to address the high rates of NSSI among gender minority populations. Implications for theory, clinical practice, provider education and training, health policy, and future research are discussed.

The single most recognized transgender woman in the 1950s and throughout much of the 1960s, Christine Jorgensen symbolized in many ways the quintessential white, upper-middle-class woman and the medicalized standard by which other transgender women were measured, including poor transgender women and transgender women of color. In the late 1960s and 1970s, however, a new class of transgender women would come to denounce such an image. Holly Woodlawn, a cult icon in the late 1960s and early 1970s, for example, viewed Christine as outdated and out-of-sync with her own gendered desires for expression. Holly gained notoriety for her outrageous role in Andy Warhol's film Trash (1970). In the film, she plays the glamorous and co-dependent role of the counter-culture sex addicted welfare queen. In the film, she denounces traditional transsexual women narratives and engenders instead new forms of gendered expressions unencumbered by sex change anxieties. Christine and Holly are but two historical transgender icons, who, in the 1950s, 60s and 70s suggested new possibilities for gendered expressions. Their public personas historicize the construction of transgender identity, making visible the classed and racialized privileging of sex change surgery and the alternative expressions embodied by poor transgender women and transgender women of color. Although unable to afford sex change surgery, poor transgender women, in particular, transgender women of color, embodied new models of gender identity beyond the gendered constructs of whiteness. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "August, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 304-316). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47).

There exists an extensive body of literature focusing on impression management, with numerous studies addressing the effects of gender performance on members of the GLBT community. Despite a growing body of literature that centers on the differences between the genders, there exists a lack of research regarding the transgender community‟s ability to use impression management. This exploratory study addresses subjective experiences regarding transgender identity, and concentrates on self-definition and impression management in everyday life. It was found through interviews that “transition” is a temporary state that relies heavily on “passing” through impression management to create a new gender status. Once the new gender status is achieved, passing is no longer an issue and impression management is once again implemented in a more routine way similar to that of those who are not transgender.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007 / Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-44).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).