In this diploma work there are examined two existing Czech translations of Portuguese Renaissance epic The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas), written by poet Luís Vaz de Camoes, published in 1572 for the first time. It is a heroic poem written in ten-syllables strophes with rhyme AB AB CC. The first translator was poet Jaroslav Vrchlický, who published it in 1902. For the second time ( in 1956)the work was translated by poet Kamil Bednář and Zdeněk Hampl, the Czech founder of Portuguese language studies.

Protein eIF4E2 belongs to the family of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4E, but it does not participate in translation initiation under normal circumstances. Its main role lies in translational repression of specific mRNAs. Nevertheless eIF4E2 takes part in translation initiation as a subunit of a specific translation initiation complex in hypoxic conditions. The exact mechanism in which eIF4E2 takes part in either of these processes is not known. One way to study the role of eIF4E2 in the cell is to find out what other proteins does eIF4E2 interact with. The goal of this work was to seek out potential eIF4E2-interacting partners in the HEK293 cell line using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spek- trometry. Apart from finding individual proteins the goal was to identify eIF4E2-containig protein com- plexes in HEK293 cells. A second line of work was preparation of a system for screening inhibitors of the interaction between eIF4E2 and eIF4G3. The main result is finding potential new eIF4E2-intera- cting partners in human cells.

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The systemic environment in children is characterized by factors that facilitate muscle and bone development. These systemic factors may help to regulate the growth of these tissues particularly when mechanical loading is minimal, as observed with low-impact exercise. Low-impact exercise induces an alteration in the systemic environment in children and adults, however the direct implications of these changes on muscle and bone development are unclear. The focus of this thesis was to examine the effects of exercise on systemic regulators of muscle and bone growth in prepubertal girls and women, and to determine whether changes in these systemic regulators can influence osteoblast and myoblast proliferation and differentiation. In addition, this thesis will also highlight the importance of translating knowledge in the form of an animation video about the effects of exercise on bone health. Our first study demonstrated that an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise elicits similar responses in systemic regulators (CX3CL1, FGF-2, and IGF-1) of muscle and bone growth in prepubertal girls and women, with exception of a higher inflammatory response (IL-6) in women. In our second study, we show that exercise does not elicit a proliferative response myoblasts and osteoblasts in vitro after treatment with serum collected from prepubertal girls and women. However, proliferation of osteoblasts and myoblasts was higher in women post- exercise relative to prepubertal girls. Moreover, there was no exercise effect on myotube formation in prepubertal girls and women, however mineralization decreased post-exercise in both groups. In our final study, we developed an animation video that summarizes the findings of this thesis to school-age children and explored the educational utility of this knowledge translation tool. Four salient viewpoints were identified in our cohort of children, each with varying degrees of engagement and attitudes towards the video. All participants expressed an improved understanding how exercise influences bone as evidenced by their consensus statement. Altogether, our data suggests that inflammatory responses induced by exercise are attenuated in children relative to adults, which can have an effect on myoblast and osteoblast proliferation. The decrease in mineralization observed after exercise may be indicative of increased bone remodeling followed by an anabolic bone response. Finally, the development of a knowledge translation tool proved to be feasible and beneficial in promoting awareness about the benefits of exercise on bone health. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Sketch-to-photo synthesis usually faced the problem of lack of labeled data, so we propose some methods based on CycleGAN to train a model to translate sketch to photo with unpaired data. Our main contribution is a proposed Sketch-to-Skeleton-to-Image (SSI) method, which performs skeletonization on sketches to reduce variance on the sketch data. We also tried different representations of the skeleton and different models for our task. Experiment results show that the generated image quality has a negative correlation with the sparsity of the input data.

Many recent studies established a potential role for p53 in translational control of many transcripts through the modulation of the expression of several microRNAs, RNA binding proteins (RBPs), translation factors, or of ribosome biogenesis factors. To establish the relevance of translation control in p53-dependent apoptosis our group recently compared by polysome profiling two cell lines, SJSA1 and HCT116, undergoing respectively p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in response to the treatment with Nutlin-3, a selective activator of p53. Examining the markedly different, treatment-induced translation landscapes, the RNA helicase DHX30 was identified as a protein able to bind only in HCT116 cells to a 3’-UTR sequence motif, labeled as CGPD-motif. The motif had been identified as highly over-represented among translationally enhanced mRNAs in nutlin-treated SJSA1 cells, among which apoptosis effectors were enriched. Since the binding of DHX30 to the CGPD-motif transcripts is observed in cell cycle arresting HCT116, where those mRNA are not translationally enhanced, we reasoned that DHX30 could be part of an RBP complex responsible for reduced translation of specific pro-apoptotic mRNAs. To pursue this hypothesis, HCT116-shDHX30 clones were obtained and I studied the functions of this relatively unknown RNA helicase in this and other cell models. A translatome analysis by RNA-seq of HCT116-shDHX30 cells showed higher activation of ribosome biogenesis pathways, according to GSEA. Consistently, eCLIP data from ENCODE indicate that DHX30 can bind to most ribosomal protein transcripts, and those showed higher relative translation efficiency in HCT116-shDHX30 cells. In fact, the cells exhibited increased rRNA synthesis and higher global translation as well as a large expansion of the number of transcripts showing higher polysome-association in response to Nutlin. The DHX30 gene features two promoters, one of which can produce a transcript containing a mitochondrial localization signal. I confirmed that DHX30 has both a cytoplasmic and a mitochondrial localization by both cell fractionation and immunofluorescence. HCT116_shDHX30 cells have reduced mitochondrial metabolism, based on oxygen consumption rates but do not show evidence of compensatory glycolytic activity. Impaired mitochondrial functions could be related also to decreased expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) components as well as reduced expression of nuclear encoded mitoribosome proteins. Based on RIP assays DHX30 appears to target directly mitoribosome transcripts. Depletion of DHX30 showed reduced proliferation in various assays both in 2D and 3D culture conditions and sensitized cells to the treatment with the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP. A similar role was observed also on mitochondrially encoded OXPHOS compomenents as well as mitoribosome components in MCF7 breast cancer cell line silenced for DHX30 with a consistent reduction in cell proliferation. In contrast, U2OS osteosarcoma cells did not show a change in the expression in mitochondrial components as well as an impact on proliferation after transient DHX30 silencing. Hence, it appears that DHX30 can exert a broad general control on cell metabolism and translation as well as a cis-element mediated control of the translation of specific mRNAs impacting both on cell fitness and apoptosis.

Yes / Purpose This article investigates the treatment of translation within the international business and management (IBM) literature in order to highlight colonialist assumptions inscribed in this treatment as a result of the hegemonic status of English. Design/methodology/approach This investigation takes the form of a systemic literature review to examine the treatment of translation in the IBM literature through a postcolonial lens Findings The findings demonstrate that despite growing interest in language in international business, matters of translation have received comparatively little attention. However, those articles which do address translation matters tend to do so in five key ways, including epistemological/methodological considerations, exploring translator agency, the investigations of the discursive void/conceptual fuzziness between languages, and approaches which discuss translation as social practice. Research limitations/implications Despite our critique of English language hegemony, our literature review is restricted to English-language journals, which we acknowledge as problematic and discuss within the article. Practical implications In exposing the limited treatment of translation within the literature, we provide a call to action for IBM scholars to be more explicit in their treatment of translation in order to ensure representation of cultural and linguistic Others, rather than providing domesticated accounts of multilingual research. Originality/value Although there have been other articles which have examined translation in the past, this article is the first to do so through a postcolonial lens, demonstrating from a linguistic perspective the colonialist assumptions which are still prevalent in IBM knowledge production as evidenced by the treatment of translation in the field.

This thesis is an experiment in adapting a Florencio Sánchez play for staging in English. La Gringa was chosen because it is the best known of Sánchez' works, and because, to this writer's knowledge, no translation of this play is available.