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With a multi-method research approach that involves retrospective reflection, concurrent screen-capturing (Camtasia), and key-stroke logging (Translog), this study probed Chinese-English translation processes and investigated the strategy use and pause patterns of 20 translators with different professional designations (i.e., novice, paraprofessional, and professional translators). Through the application of the Translation Competence Model (PACTE, 2007) from the Translation Studies field and of the Language Ability Model (Bachman & Palmer, 1996) from the field of Language Learner Strategies research, this study is the first of its kind to compare the differences in translators’ pause patterns in the three different translation phases (i.e., orientation, drafting, and revising phases) and strategy use, and to analyze the relationship of translators’ strategy use and pause vis-à-vis translation performance. The three types of data provided a fuller picture of translators’ translation processes, and the use of the two models served to triangulate and cross-validate the multiple sources of data on translators’ reported and observed strategy use, which amounted to 97 individual strategies and 3,464 instances. The data examined quantitatively and qualitatively showed that translators of higher professional designations or the high performance level had higher percentages in professional, psycho-physiological, bilingual, and affective strategies, and paused longer and more often and spent more time in the revising phase. However, translators of lower professional designations or the low performance level showed higher percentages in instrumental and extralinguistic strategies, and paused longer and allocated more time in the drafting phase. The analysis revealed no significant correlation between overall strategy use or pauses and translation performance. The findings inform researchers, trainers, and trainees in the professions of both translation and additional-language teaching about translation strategy use and pause patterns. / Graduate

Requiem for the Last Kaiser by the Cameroonian playwright Bate Besong, is a play characterised by singular translational challenges. These challenges range from the presence of many different languages in the text to the use of humour and intratextual references taken from a various range of sources such as the Bible, world history and politics, etc. In our 21st century world, where translation has been described as the language of Europe by Umberto Eco, Africa’s literary treasures should be given a wider readership by means of translation, starting with French, to introduce the writer’s work to French-speaking Cameroonians and from there to other Francophones. The aim of this research was to determine in what way multilingualism in the play could affect its translation and, secondly, how to translate the various multilingual utterances. The focus was put on the rendition of the play’s multilingual elements in a language or languages understandable to a French-speaking readership while keeping the author’s initial intention in mind. This was done firstly by gathering relevant knowledge on theatre as well as literary and theatrical translation, and on the other hand on literary multilingualism and multilingual translation. Subsequently, 28 text segments including multilingual utterances were extracted from the source text, analysed using a combination of the functionalist approach and hermeneutics, and translated. Several translation strategies and procedures were used, among which literalism was particularly successful. It was found that these could not be generalised and that translation choices should be made for each individual utterance. The play impacts on the literary, sociolinguistic, political, and sociological domains, as it dates from the 1990s, a period of Cameroonian history marked by popular uprisings and the struggle for democracy. Attempting a partial translation of Requiem for the Last Kaiser was a means of contributing to the field of multilingual theatre translation, sharing the richness of Bate Besong’s literary work and giving Cameroonian literature in English the port of access it needs since it has not yet attained the recognition it surely deserves. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

Despite our understanding of the role of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) in cytoplasmic small ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) assembly, it is unclear how loss of this protein causes motor neuron degeneration in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). It could be explained by defects in functions that are specific to tissues most affected in SMA. In neurons, SMN localizes to neuronal RNA granules, RNA-containing foci in axons. They regulate many aspects of mRNA fate which include transport along neurites, mRNA stability, and mRNA translation. Most recently, our work provided evidence for SMN’s role in mRNA translation. Specifically, we demonstrated that SMN associates with polyribosomes and may repress translation of specific mRNA targets. Our group demonstrated that SMA-causing mutations within the Tudor domain of SMN completely abolished this activity. This indicates the potential significance of this novel SMN function in the SMA pathology. To further investigate SMN’s function in regulating translation, our group performed a proteomic screen on polysome-containing sucrose gradient fractions. We identified and validated novel interacting partners for SMN that may act as co-factors to regulate translation. DDX5 (an RNA helicase) is an unexpected novel interacting partner as it is known for its role in micro-RNA processing. Moreover, we observe that FMRP, a recognized protein in translational complexes, is required for the presence of SMN and DDX5 in polysomal fractions. With these latest findings, we updated our model of the molecular mechanism by which SMN regulates translation. This work provides more insights on how SMN regulates translation, a newly uncovered role for SMN in motor neurons. Identification of the molecular targets that are misregulated due to loss of this function may reveal new information on the pathogenesis of SMA.

A country’s international reputation has profound implications for its citizens; given that national image or reputation is built and circulated using language on a global scale, translation is necessarily involved. This project draws on bilingual corpora of government and media texts to examine how Canada was framed in the discourses and narratives in circulation in its two official languages at the time of the 2010 G8 and G20 Summits, using concepts and techniques from Critical Discourse Analysis, narrative theory, and corpus linguistics. Examining some aspects of language in use such as collocation, semantic relations, and metaphor, several of the ways in which Canada was framed in the two contexts and languages were compared. The project concludes that discourses and narratives may differ between sources and languages, thereby highlighting the importance of recognizing the impact of translation on the variety of national representations within discourses and narratives.

This thesis will focus on Ezra Pound’s poem, Histrion, its associations with Stanislavskian method acting and their interface with translation studies. The title of “Histrion” is derived from the Latin word for an actor and Pound clearly wishes to suggest strong parallels between the voice of the poet and the voice of the actor. The work evokes a clairvoyant state of heightened consciousness achieved by the poet, in which he melds the subjectivities of the modern writer and the “souls of all men great” (earlier poets such as Dante and Villon) in a translucent flame of fused form. The thesis will explore the phenomenological implications of merging two identities and then apply the seemingly far-fetched concept of metempsychosis suggested in Pound’s poem to translation studies with reference to contemporaneous (to Pound) Stanislavskian acting approaches. For Pound as creative re-writer, as for the creative method actor, all demarcation between the two subjects dissolves. Likewise, in literary translation, as much of Pound’s work exemplifies, the melding and mingling of the author’s and the translator’s subjectivities can be a viable methodology. Such histrionic translation attempts to enact and even resurrect the persona of the source text in the target version. Thus I propose to meld Stanislavskian acting theories with Pound’s sense of metempsychosis and metamorphosis with application to the study of literary translation.

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Expositores plenarios: Robert Martínez Carrasco (Universitat Jaume I), Mariana Favila Alcala (México) / Ponentes: Piero Ruiz (UPC), Andrea Chang (UPC), Manuela Avendaño Rincón (UdeA), Sulay Paiva (UPC), Victoria de los Santos (UPC), Manuela Hernández Sánchez (UdeA), Ángela Gómez Zuluaga (UdeA), Juan Carlos Quiñones Portocarrero (UPC), Diego Cabada Llacsahuanga (UPC), Juliana Echeverri Valencia (UdeA), Carolina Henao Ortiz (UdA), María Camila Rodríguez Delgado (UdeA) / En el marco de la alianza entre los programas de traducción de la Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA) y de la UPC, se organizó el evento académico con el fin de visibilar el trabajo de investigación de estudiantes de pregrado. El evento contó también con conferencias plenarias a cargo de expertos académicos.

Expositores plenarios: Robert Martínez Carrasco (Universitat Jaume I), Mariana Favila Alcala (México) / Ponentes: Piero Ruiz (UPC), Andrea Chang (UPC), Manuela Avendaño Rincón (UdeA), Sulay Paiva (UPC), Victoria de los Santos (UPC), Manuela Hernández Sánchez (UdeA), Ángela Gómez Zuluaga (UdeA), Juan Carlos Quiñones Portocarrero (UPC), Diego Cabada Llacsahuanga (UPC), Juliana Echeverri Valencia (UdeA), Carolina Henao Ortiz (UdA), María Camila Rodríguez Delgado (UdeA) / En el marco de la alianza entre los programas de traducción de la Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA) y de la UPC, se organizó el evento académico con el fin de visibilar el trabajo de investigación de estudiantes de pregrado. El evento contó también con conferencias plenarias a cargo de expertos académicos.

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