The steel industry is always considered as the traditional industry that unwilling to make an investment in new information technology, besides several annual sales volumes and more than 3 billion large scale steel maker, there are very few has implemented MIS, eERP, SCM, CRM,etc. that mean the Steel Industry Supply and Demand Chain to take electronization , still have long way go too, even so, the government , society , big factory , information industry person promote the mental and physical efforts of the bet in enterprise's electronization , the government offers favourable measure , society to make the standard , big factory of the industry and invest in the person who carries out the case and best instance , information industry of electronization and provide aid of technology etc., the effect carried on in big electronization specifically of factory is obvious to all, but the information drop of visiting a existence from upstream to downstream in the supply and demand chain is still quite great, the information hedge among enterprises, reduce the transparency of information , the unfairness of the trade, delay, the obstacle of linking up among enterprises fails to suppress effectively, to stepping the enterprise , transnational towing the Utopia in coordination with the commercial speech. This article is focus on ¡§What is the development trend of the Steel Industry¡¦s supply and demand chain systems?¡¨, and how the steel downstream and upstream complay with it , and in order to build and construct the information structure of the supply and demand chain of the steel industry in management tactic topic that the information transparency improves among enterprises (B2B), what happen in relevant enterprises in running the supply and demand chain implementation project? Especially,what need to be changed in existing systems? What is the driver of the changes? As to extant information system, is there any new or change requirements that revise in these decisions? The author has participated in practice going through and experience of every special project actually in the case company over the past over years by ten, extract with a case of chain electronization of supply and demand, make into the research paper of the case. The case company was established in 1973, the total capital is more than 3,200 million NT$, plate the surface steel factory Cold-Rolled, Galvanized Steel Coils, Printed Color Steel Coils for the representative and medium-and-large-sized consistent homework in Taiwan , Southeast Asian steel industry , there is cold-rolled , zinc-plated , roast intact consistent homework procedure of paint, total sales amount is NT$18,900 million in 2004, a customer-oriented, at the orientation builds and constructs one steel industry model as, " We are not biggest but will be the best " , " Investigate steel industry second by enterprise model popularity for eight years in succession international high to is it cold-rolled speciality have , plate surface steel factory march toward to make a profit. Give a new lease of life to and shorten and hand over a procedure, purchases to the procedure , guest and tells the procedure the procedure and system, good staff , shareholder , customer , social relationships that and is devoted to establishing at the same time ; Quality exceeding customers' expectation , Ethical business conduct, Safe and pleasant working environment , Personal development through challenging work, Fair reward to employees , set up the good mechanism of communication with supplier and customer, it is satisfied with the environment to create the staff , feedback the social home town. With the quality policy that ¡§Correctly grasp each customer's expectation¡¨, the market coming to get up because should be new developing, new customer develop and set up with the new stronghold , set up dynamic fast reaction system , react fast , make policy fast , hand in one quickly , serve fast. The case company always offers better quality products to meet customer's demand , maintain better equipment stability and efficiency. In the tactics of expanding of the market , pay attention to the technological innovation and study development , develop the high additional value products , research and develop the new technology , new application, it set up SCM , CRM , BI ,etc. information infrastructure, give play to ' pursue to the good and not only on to the good ' spirit, cooperate in coordination, set up international and specialized dull and stereotyped steel product group. This thesis carries on the process as follows. To study and present having it about the steel industry and supply and demand chain and the article of the relevant field of transparency of information first . And then state taking action and describing reason of special project designed to solve above-mentioned problems. Then, important incidents happened during taking action of discussion, and explain the case company during special project in order to implement the topic produced of information systems which constructs the supply and demand chain of the steel industry , will to address considering the key factor and key performance and assessment model of the e-SCM and information transparancy implementation, and to provide as a consultation and good application example to the relevant enterprises of steel in the electronic tactics of the supply and demand chain finally.

Le rendu en temps réel repose sur des compromis entre la performance et le réalisme. Un de ces compromis est de représenter des matériaux plus minces tels que les tissus comme étant infiniment minces pour économiser mémoire et temps de rendu. Par contre, cette perte de dimension prive la surface de propriétés essentielles à certains effets visuels. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons une méthode pour simuler les effets de l’épaisseur sur des surfaces semi-transparentes en utilisant des textures composées de texels opaques et transparents. Nous analysons les trous formés par les texels transparents et nous conservons de l’information sur les contours des trous dans une structure hiérarchique compatible avec la méthode de filtrage de textures par MIP map. Nous dérivons des équations représentant la proportion de lumière passant dans un trou avec des murs intérieurs en fonction de l’angle incident des rayons de lumière. Nous combinons ces équations avec l’information conservée pour calculer un terme de transparence à différents niveaux de détail en temps réel. / Real-time rendering is built upon compromises between performance and realism. One such compromise is to represent thinner materials like textile as infinitely thin in order to save on memory and rendering time. However, this loss of dimension robs the surface of properties key to some visual effects. In this thesis, we present a method to simulate the effects of thickness on semi-transparent surfaces using textures consisting of opaque and transparent texels. We analyze holes formed by transparent texels and store information about the contours of the holes in a hierarchical structure compatible with the filtering method of MIP mapping. We derive equations representing the proportion of light passing through a hole as a function of the incident angle of light. The proportions of texel top, texel side wall, and hole are computed accurately. We combine these equations with the information stored to compute a transparency term at different levels of detail in real time.

Although there are units larger than the word in language, linguists have not been able to agree on a definition of these units. This study examines a variety of notions, relevant in the study of ”fixed” or ”frozen” expressions in contemporary French. Criteria such as memorization, unique context, non-compositionality, marked syntax, lexical blocking and grammatical blocking are analyzed in detail. A closer look at them reveals that in fact only one of them, lexical blocking, is both necessary and sufficient in the description of a fixed expression. The other criteria are, however, also important to the notion of ”fixedness”. It may well be that the criteria that have often been proposed in linguistic literature would benefit from being organized in a family resemblance rather than being used as necessary and sufficient conditions.