Esta dissertação apresenta o levantamento e definição dos requisitos necessários para um sistema de monitoramento de veículos no transporte rodoviário de cargas, cujo custo de implantação seja acessível a grande parte das empresas. Para isso são aplicados alguns métodos da Engenharia de Requisitos, tais como: Vord, Preview e Volere. O conjunto de requisitos obtido através deste levantamento é então utilizado como fonte para a especificação de requisitos do sistema proposto. / This dissertation shows the survey and definition of the necessary requirements regarding a monitoring system for vehicles that transport goods via roads, whose low cost implementation is accessible for most of the companies. For this purpose, some methods of the Engineering of Requirements are applied, such as: Vord, Preview and Volere. The set of requirements gotten via this survey is the source for the specification of requirements of the proposed system.

Im Beitrag werden die grundlegenden funkbasierten Kommunikationstechnologien sowie deren Eignung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der telematikgestützten Transportlogistik diskutiert und um die erforderlichen Ortungs- und Navigationsdienste ergänzt. Diese können sowohl auf Basis zellularer Netzwerke als auch mithilfe von Satelliten realisiert werden. Es wird insbesondere auf Satellitennetzwerke unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des im Aufbau befindlichen zivilen europäischen Galileo-Systems eingegangen. Dessen Potenziale für vielfältige Telematikanwendungen im Transport sowie zur Vernetzung verkehrsträgerübergreifender Prozesse werden ebenso vorgestellt wie ihr notwendiges Zusammenwirken mit terrestrischen Funknetzwerken oder funkbasierten Identifikationstechnologien (RFID). Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich des Trackings von Güterwagons im Bahnverkehr und der Container-Überwachung im Schiffsverkehr runden die Ausführungen ab. / The freight transportation industry is characterised by time-sensitive processes susceptible to disruptions, delays, breakdowns, etc. The paper thus discusses the capabilities of the most important wireless communication, positioning and navigation technologies for improving transport and logistics processes. They can be implemented on the basis of either terrestrial cellular wireless networks or satellites. Satellite networks, in particular, are addressed in the context of the Europeancontrolled independent civil satellite system Galileo, which is being currently established. The challenge is its integration with terrestrial wireless networks and corresponding identification technologies (RFID). The objective of advanced wireless communication, positioning and navigation services is to deliver more information during the supply chain, including shipments in connection with mobile business. Examples of freight wagon tracking and container monitoring in shipping complete the explanations.

Der Schienengüterverkehr in Deutschland weist nach langer Stagnation erstmals wieder eine höhere Wachstumsrate als der Straßengüterverkehr auf. Die hierbei erreichten Positionen können jedoch langfristig nur ausgebaut werden, wenn es gelingt, die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Schienengüterverkehrs in den Lieferketten der Industrie und des Handels zu sichern. Der Überwindung existierender und neuer Engpässe bei der Nutzung der notwendigen Ressourcen, wie zum Beispiel der Gleisinfrastruktur, kommt dabei eine herausragende Bedeutung zu. Kurz- und mittelfristig gefragt sind daher Ansätze für eine effizientere Nutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Im Beitrag werden dazu an den Schnittstellen zwischen Schienengüterverkehr und Logistik neue strategische und operative Ansätze für ein prozess- und strukturübergreifendes Ressourcenmanagement vorgestellt. / For the first time after years of decline, rail freight transport in Germany is returning a higher growth rate than road transport. The success of recent years can only be perpetuated, however, if the growing demands of consignors can be fulfilled under conditions of increasing cost pressure. Meanwhile, the recent dynamic growth in transport volume is leading to first bottlenecks regarding the necessary resources for rail freight operation, e.g. railway infrastructure. New paths and solutions are thus required, with a strong focus on more efficient use of the existing resources. This paper presents new approaches to process and cross-company resource management, based on existing potentials at the interfaces between the operational concepts of freight railways, logistics and production.

O presente estudo aborda o o contrato de transporte multimodal, nacional e internacional, de mercadorias inicialmente no direito comparado e, posteriormente, sob a análise econômica do direito. Na primeira parte, com relação à abordagem comparada, será analisado primeiro o contrato nacional de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a perspectiva do direito Brasileiro, sua natureza jurídica e pressupostos do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias, bem como o quadro legislativo, com atenção ao equívoco do Código Civil e o acerto da Legislação Específica. Ainda com relação à abordagem comparada, serão analisadas as dificuldades decorrentes da regulação do transporte multimodal de mercadorias no direito Internacional, primeiramente pelo Cenário Internacional e as dificuldades na Determinação da Lei Aplicável ao Contrato e, então, uma avaliação de cada uma das convenções unimodais possivelmente aplicáveis. Na segunda parte, sob a análise econômica do direito, será avaliada, primeiro, uma mudança de paradigma diante da análise econômica do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias e a transição de uma visão individualista de contrato a caminho de uma transformação. Então, será abordado o surgimento de um ambiente contratual cooperativo pela aplicação da Teoria do Equilíbrio de Nash. Ao final, será demonstrada a superioridade do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a ótica da eficiência, ante o pouco alcance prático dos Contratos de Transporte Unimodais. / This paper discusses the multimodal contract, both national and international, for the transport of goods initially in comparative law and later under the economic analysis of law . In the first part of this paper, regarding the comparative approach, will first be analyzed the national contract for the multimodal transport of goods, from the perspective of Brazilian law. It will be analyzed the legal nature and conceptual characteristics of the multimodal freight transport contract and the legislative framework, with attention to the misconception of the Brazilian Civil Code and the success of Specific Legislation . Also regarding the comparative approach, it shall be analyzed the difficulties arising from the regulation of multimodal transport of goods in international law, first by the International Scenario and the difficulties in the determination of the law applicable to the contract and then a review of each of the unimodal conventions possibly applicable. In the second part of this work, under the economic analysis of law, it will be assessed, first, a paradigm shift on the economic analysis of multimodal freight transport contract and the transition from an individualistic approach. Then, it shall be addressed the emergence of a cooperative contractual environment through the application of the Nash Equilibrium Theory. In the end, it will be demonstrated the superiority of the multimodal transport of goods contract from the perspective of efficiency, compared to the little practical scope of unimodal transport of goods contracts.

O presente estudo aborda o o contrato de transporte multimodal, nacional e internacional, de mercadorias inicialmente no direito comparado e, posteriormente, sob a análise econômica do direito. Na primeira parte, com relação à abordagem comparada, será analisado primeiro o contrato nacional de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a perspectiva do direito Brasileiro, sua natureza jurídica e pressupostos do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias, bem como o quadro legislativo, com atenção ao equívoco do Código Civil e o acerto da Legislação Específica. Ainda com relação à abordagem comparada, serão analisadas as dificuldades decorrentes da regulação do transporte multimodal de mercadorias no direito Internacional, primeiramente pelo Cenário Internacional e as dificuldades na Determinação da Lei Aplicável ao Contrato e, então, uma avaliação de cada uma das convenções unimodais possivelmente aplicáveis. Na segunda parte, sob a análise econômica do direito, será avaliada, primeiro, uma mudança de paradigma diante da análise econômica do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias e a transição de uma visão individualista de contrato a caminho de uma transformação. Então, será abordado o surgimento de um ambiente contratual cooperativo pela aplicação da Teoria do Equilíbrio de Nash. Ao final, será demonstrada a superioridade do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a ótica da eficiência, ante o pouco alcance prático dos Contratos de Transporte Unimodais. / This paper discusses the multimodal contract, both national and international, for the transport of goods initially in comparative law and later under the economic analysis of law . In the first part of this paper, regarding the comparative approach, will first be analyzed the national contract for the multimodal transport of goods, from the perspective of Brazilian law. It will be analyzed the legal nature and conceptual characteristics of the multimodal freight transport contract and the legislative framework, with attention to the misconception of the Brazilian Civil Code and the success of Specific Legislation . Also regarding the comparative approach, it shall be analyzed the difficulties arising from the regulation of multimodal transport of goods in international law, first by the International Scenario and the difficulties in the determination of the law applicable to the contract and then a review of each of the unimodal conventions possibly applicable. In the second part of this work, under the economic analysis of law, it will be assessed, first, a paradigm shift on the economic analysis of multimodal freight transport contract and the transition from an individualistic approach. Then, it shall be addressed the emergence of a cooperative contractual environment through the application of the Nash Equilibrium Theory. In the end, it will be demonstrated the superiority of the multimodal transport of goods contract from the perspective of efficiency, compared to the little practical scope of unimodal transport of goods contracts.

O presente estudo aborda o o contrato de transporte multimodal, nacional e internacional, de mercadorias inicialmente no direito comparado e, posteriormente, sob a análise econômica do direito. Na primeira parte, com relação à abordagem comparada, será analisado primeiro o contrato nacional de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a perspectiva do direito Brasileiro, sua natureza jurídica e pressupostos do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias, bem como o quadro legislativo, com atenção ao equívoco do Código Civil e o acerto da Legislação Específica. Ainda com relação à abordagem comparada, serão analisadas as dificuldades decorrentes da regulação do transporte multimodal de mercadorias no direito Internacional, primeiramente pelo Cenário Internacional e as dificuldades na Determinação da Lei Aplicável ao Contrato e, então, uma avaliação de cada uma das convenções unimodais possivelmente aplicáveis. Na segunda parte, sob a análise econômica do direito, será avaliada, primeiro, uma mudança de paradigma diante da análise econômica do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias e a transição de uma visão individualista de contrato a caminho de uma transformação. Então, será abordado o surgimento de um ambiente contratual cooperativo pela aplicação da Teoria do Equilíbrio de Nash. Ao final, será demonstrada a superioridade do contrato de transporte multimodal de mercadorias sob a ótica da eficiência, ante o pouco alcance prático dos Contratos de Transporte Unimodais. / This paper discusses the multimodal contract, both national and international, for the transport of goods initially in comparative law and later under the economic analysis of law . In the first part of this paper, regarding the comparative approach, will first be analyzed the national contract for the multimodal transport of goods, from the perspective of Brazilian law. It will be analyzed the legal nature and conceptual characteristics of the multimodal freight transport contract and the legislative framework, with attention to the misconception of the Brazilian Civil Code and the success of Specific Legislation . Also regarding the comparative approach, it shall be analyzed the difficulties arising from the regulation of multimodal transport of goods in international law, first by the International Scenario and the difficulties in the determination of the law applicable to the contract and then a review of each of the unimodal conventions possibly applicable. In the second part of this work, under the economic analysis of law, it will be assessed, first, a paradigm shift on the economic analysis of multimodal freight transport contract and the transition from an individualistic approach. Then, it shall be addressed the emergence of a cooperative contractual environment through the application of the Nash Equilibrium Theory. In the end, it will be demonstrated the superiority of the multimodal transport of goods contract from the perspective of efficiency, compared to the little practical scope of unimodal transport of goods contracts.

Esta dissertação apresenta o levantamento e definição dos requisitos necessários para um sistema de monitoramento de veículos no transporte rodoviário de cargas, cujo custo de implantação seja acessível a grande parte das empresas. Para isso são aplicados alguns métodos da Engenharia de Requisitos, tais como: Vord, Preview e Volere. O conjunto de requisitos obtido através deste levantamento é então utilizado como fonte para a especificação de requisitos do sistema proposto. / This dissertation shows the survey and definition of the necessary requirements regarding a monitoring system for vehicles that transport goods via roads, whose low cost implementation is accessible for most of the companies. For this purpose, some methods of the Engineering of Requirements are applied, such as: Vord, Preview and Volere. The set of requirements gotten via this survey is the source for the specification of requirements of the proposed system.

This thesis deals with modes of transport and their impact on the environment. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with fossil fuels and their impact on the environment, emission that are produced and alternative fuels. The theoretical part also describes how emissions at different transport mode are regulated. The practical part consists of comparison of specific transport modes, regarding of emissions produced.

Im Beitrag werden die grundlegenden funkbasierten Kommunikationstechnologien sowie deren Eignung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der telematikgestützten Transportlogistik diskutiert und um die erforderlichen Ortungs- und Navigationsdienste ergänzt. Diese können sowohl auf Basis zellularer Netzwerke als auch mithilfe von Satelliten realisiert werden. Es wird insbesondere auf Satellitennetzwerke unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des im Aufbau befindlichen zivilen europäischen Galileo-Systems eingegangen. Dessen Potenziale für vielfältige Telematikanwendungen im Transport sowie zur Vernetzung verkehrsträgerübergreifender Prozesse werden ebenso vorgestellt wie ihr notwendiges Zusammenwirken mit terrestrischen Funknetzwerken oder funkbasierten Identifikationstechnologien (RFID). Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele aus dem Bereich des Trackings von Güterwagons im Bahnverkehr und der Container-Überwachung im Schiffsverkehr runden die Ausführungen ab. / The freight transportation industry is characterised by time-sensitive processes susceptible to disruptions, delays, breakdowns, etc. The paper thus discusses the capabilities of the most important wireless communication, positioning and navigation technologies for improving transport and logistics processes. They can be implemented on the basis of either terrestrial cellular wireless networks or satellites. Satellite networks, in particular, are addressed in the context of the Europeancontrolled independent civil satellite system Galileo, which is being currently established. The challenge is its integration with terrestrial wireless networks and corresponding identification technologies (RFID). The objective of advanced wireless communication, positioning and navigation services is to deliver more information during the supply chain, including shipments in connection with mobile business. Examples of freight wagon tracking and container monitoring in shipping complete the explanations.

Der Schienengüterverkehr in Deutschland weist nach langer Stagnation erstmals wieder eine höhere Wachstumsrate als der Straßengüterverkehr auf. Die hierbei erreichten Positionen können jedoch langfristig nur ausgebaut werden, wenn es gelingt, die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Schienengüterverkehrs in den Lieferketten der Industrie und des Handels zu sichern. Der Überwindung existierender und neuer Engpässe bei der Nutzung der notwendigen Ressourcen, wie zum Beispiel der Gleisinfrastruktur, kommt dabei eine herausragende Bedeutung zu. Kurz- und mittelfristig gefragt sind daher Ansätze für eine effizientere Nutzung der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Im Beitrag werden dazu an den Schnittstellen zwischen Schienengüterverkehr und Logistik neue strategische und operative Ansätze für ein prozess- und strukturübergreifendes Ressourcenmanagement vorgestellt. / For the first time after years of decline, rail freight transport in Germany is returning a higher growth rate than road transport. The success of recent years can only be perpetuated, however, if the growing demands of consignors can be fulfilled under conditions of increasing cost pressure. Meanwhile, the recent dynamic growth in transport volume is leading to first bottlenecks regarding the necessary resources for rail freight operation, e.g. railway infrastructure. New paths and solutions are thus required, with a strong focus on more efficient use of the existing resources. This paper presents new approaches to process and cross-company resource management, based on existing potentials at the interfaces between the operational concepts of freight railways, logistics and production.