M.Ed. (Multicultural Education) / With the emphasis of segregation, alienation between population groups in South Africa has come into being. The school thus has a duty as regards the child's civic development and can play a roll in counteracting such alienation between population groups. Education means, amongst other things, to guide pupils towards social interaction and better intergroup relationships. To successfully incorporate social interaction and better intergroup relationships into our multi-cultural society, a better concept regarding individual and cultural differences is necessary. The lack of intergroup contact and the existence of prejudices and stereotypes, especially among juveniles necessitate pilot surveys to establish strategies for changing and counteracting negative and racist attitudes. A great deal of literature indicates that stereotypes and prejudices can be changed by refining information regarding the stereotypes and prejudices. As such, the contact hypothesis is one of the methods employed to bring about these changes. The information which is obtained from other groups and individuals, may be used to change stereotypes and prejudices. However, inter group contact alone is not sufficient to improve inter group relationships and stereotypes and counter prejudices permanently. Consequently, in this short study, research has been initiated as to the possibility of breaking down and counteracting prejudice and stereotypes by issuing direct and indirect instruction on maintained negative attitudes, usages and habits. Group discussions were held to provide more information on the cultural customs of two groups, and roll-play was employed to promote better mutual understanding. Intergroup contact was arranged between pupils of a black primary school and a white primary school. During the visits the pupils acted according to a preset programme. Before any contact or instruction took place, a pre-test in the form of a semantic differentiated scale was conducted to determine the groups' prejudices and stereotypes. At the conclusion of all activities, this assessment was once ageing made with both groups and any change of attitude could be determined. Although stereotypes offered resistance, a clear modification took constant place in the pupils' prejudices and stereotypes. The teaching strategies employed to bring about a greater knowledge and even appreciation of other groups, helped to produce these changes.

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Nursing Science) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

D.Ed. (Didactics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.A. (Geography) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This study of the lower part of the Rustenburg Layered Suite in the Western Bushveld Complex is based mainly on drill core samples from three localities, which are approximately 130 km apart. The NG-sequence, situated in the northwestern sector of the complex (Union Section, R.P.M.) extends from the floor of the complex to the base of the upper Critical Zone. The sequence is ca. 1800 m thick and it comprises mainly ultramafic cumulates, namely pyroxenites, olivine pyroxenites, harzburgites and dunites. Norites and anorthos ites are present only in minor proportion. Within the upper half of the NG-sequence ten prominent chromitite layers are correlated with the LGI MG4-interval. Correlation is also established between published sequences and the two other sequences studied, located 8 km and 55 km, respectively, east of Rustenburg. Whole-rock chemical data (major and trace elements), microprobe and Sr isotope data are presented. Petrographic studies provide modal analyses and measurements of grain size. All petrographic, mineralogical and other geochemical data point to an origin of the cumulates of the NG-sequence by crystallization from liquids of the U-type lineage and derivatives thereof. No evidence is found for the involvement of parental liquids with a distinctly different composition or crystallization order (A-liquids). However, subtle compositional variations of the parental liquids are evident in slight changes of the Cr content in orthopyroxene or in variations of Sr isotope ratio. The NG-sequence is characterized by intervals with reversed fractionation trends caused by repeated influxes of pristine magma (during periods of high magmatic activity) resulting in a high degree of rejuvenation. These intervals are overlain by others with a normal fractionation trend, interpreted as cumulates formed in periods with low or no magmatic activity, in which fractional crystallization controlled bulk composition of the evolving liquid. The Lower Zone in the NG-sequence is dominated by a progressive shift towards more primitive compositions, while in the Critical Zone fractionation was the major operating process in the magma chamber. However, during deposition of the pyroxenitic lower Critical Zone several replenishment events occurred, during which fresh Cr-rich magma was emplaced. Massive chromitite layers were deposited after mixing between the newly emplaced magma and the resident residual liquid shifted bulk compositions into the primary field of chrome-spinel. Cumulus plagioclase crystallized after bulk composition of the residual liquid was driven to the orthopyroxene plagioclase cotectic by continued fractional crystallization; this occurred once in the Lower Zone, yielding a single, thin norite layer, and again in the upper Critical Zone of the NG-sequence. A facies model is proposed based on the stratigraphic and compositional variations along strike in the Western Bushveld Complex. This model explains the variations by means of the position of the sequence with regard to a feeder system. The olivine- and orthopyroxene-rich, but plagioclase-poor NG-sequence represents the proximal facies, while the SF-sequence (poor in ferromagnesian phases, but plagioclase-rich) is developed as a distal facies, close to the Brits graben.

M.A. (Psychology) / Against the background of increasing costs of treatment of hypertension amongst the South African Black population, a non-pharmacological treatment model in the form of relaxation and aerobic fitness training was developed. The relaxation and aerobic fitness training model was then evaluated in a pretest-post test experimental and control group design. The findings indicated that the relaxation training as well as the aerobic fitness training showed statistical and clinical significant decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels...

M.Cur. / Although clinical evaluation and examination is regarded as the basis of scientifically founded nursing care, it is inherently a subjective process. This process is complicated by the variability of four inter-related systems, namely the eyaluator, the clinical environment, the student nurse and other individuals. The purpose of the study was the analysis of current evaluation practices and the OSCE and to determine the perception of clinical educational personnel and student nurses in this regard. Consequently a descriptive exploratory survey was done by means of a questionnaire. For the purpose of this study, clinical teaching. Personnel and student nurses associated with the nine affiliated hospitals of one nursing college in the Transvaal were approached. From the obtained data it appears that clinical evaluation and examination remains, to a certain degree, a subjective process. Preconceptions probably influence human judgement. In spite of the occurrence of identified variables the OSCE appears to be a more acceptable approach to clinical examination than traditional long examination methods.

Proefskrif--PU vir CHO

Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

D.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / In the Republic of South Africa, there is a growing consciousness of the importance of sex education, and specifically of relationship education, for the youth. Research indicates that the peer group and the media are the main sources of information regarding heterosexual relationships. That these sources are not very reliable, is indicated by the fact that South Africa has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies (among all population groups) in the world. The additional threat of AIDS has shifted the responsibility for guidance regarding heterosexual relationships increasingly towards institutions of education, such as schools, colleges and universities. Bearing this in mind, it stands to reason that student teachers should be equipped with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding heterosexual relationships. This would not only aid their personal growth, but would be of immense value to them as teachers. The problem is that up to now only a few Colleges of Education in the R.S.A. have been offering limited training in family education. No college, however, offers a course exclusively directed to student teachers' own heterosexual relationships. Research was therefore undertaken to investigate the attitudes of student teachers in respect of those facets of heterosexual relationships which featured prominently in the literature studied, namely self concept, sexuality, sex roles, empathy and communication. The empirical component of the investigation was based on the implementation of a questionnaire, which was completed by all the students of an Afrikaans medium College of Education.