Recent reports in the field of medicine have recommended the use of teamwork training to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities from human error. Teamwork training in the field of medicine appears promising, but few empirical evaluations of such programs have confirmed their effectiveness. Existing teamwork training studies have tended to use a traditional, lecture approach to training, with positive but modest results upon teamwork attitudes and behaviors. The current study developed and evaluated a more active teamwork training protocol for trauma resuscitation teams. The training protocol supplemented several medical and non-medical role plays with a lecture and guided discussion for feedback. Forty-one residents participated in the training on one of two days (groups) and completed evaluation measures prior to and immediately following the training program. The training was evaluated with measures of trainee reactions, attitudes towards teamwork, and responses to a situational judgment test (SJT). Analyses compared item and scale scores between pre-training scores and post-training scores. T-tests generally found higher means for post-training behavioral responses than pre-training responses. However, mean comparisons with teamwork attitudes and learning goal orientation did not yield significant differences. An item analysis of the SJT responses (using chi-square) indicated significant response shifts in many items that correspond to the teamwork training content. In summary, results indicated that teamwork training on behavioral choices, but little effect on the self-reported attitudes of trainees.

Introduktion: Operationssjuksköterskans profession innebär att säkerställa en god perioperativ omvårdnad. Att bistå vid traumatisk kirurgi utanför operationsavdelning och i en ovan miljö kan vara en utmaning. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka operationssjuksköterskans upplevelser av att medverka vid urakuta kirurgiska ingrepp utanför operationsavdelning. Metod: Som metod användes kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sammanlagt tretton operationssjuksköterskor från två olika sjukhus intervjuades. Dataanalysen skedde genom en induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i ett tema: Att vara medlem i teamet med fullständigt fokus, och tre kategorier; Att prestera under press, Försvårande omständigheter och Prioriteringar i det akuta skedet. Kategorierna delades upp i åtta subkategorier. Konklusion: Operationssjuksköterskorna upplevde ett adrenalinpåslag med hög puls vid medverkan av urakuta kirurgiska ingrepp utanför operationsavdelning. De upplevde även att teamarbetet fungerade väl och att en god kommunikation var viktig vid urakuta kirurgiska ingrepp i en rörig och kaotisk situation. De svårigheter som upplevdes relaterades av operationssjuksköterskorna till en för dem ovan arbetsmiljö och ovana arbetsuppgifter. / Introduction: The theater nurse's profession means ensuring good perioperative care. Assisting in traumatic surgery outside the surgical ward and in an unfamiliar environment can be a challenge. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the experiences of the theater nurse, when participating in emergency surgical procedures outside the operating ward. Method: As a method, qualitative study was used with semi-structured interviews. Thirteen theater nurses in two different hospitals were interviewed. The data analysis was done through one with an inductive qualitative analysis. Results: The study resulted in a theme: a member of a team with complete focus, and three categories; To perform under pressure, aggravating circumstances and priorities in the urgent stage. The categories were divided into eight sub-categories. Conclusion: The theater nurses experienced a high pulse adrenaline rush when participating in emergency surgical procedures outside the operating ward. They also felt that the teamwork worked well and that a good communication was important in emergency surgical procedures in a messy and chaotic situation. The difficulties the theater nurses experienced were related to performing unfamiliar tasks in an unfamiliar work environment.

Training is one of the most important and widely-used applications of immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Research has shown that Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) are beneficial for training motor activities and spatial activities, but it is unclear whether immersive VEs are beneficial for purely mental activities, such as memorizing a procedure. In this thesis, we present two experiments to identify benefits of immersion for a procedural training process. The first experiment is a between-subjects experiment comparing two levels of immersion in a procedural training task. For the higher level of immersion, we used a large L-shaped projection display. We used a typical laptop display for the lower level of immersion. We asked participants to memorize two procedures: one simple and the other complex. We found that the higher level of immersion resulted in significantly faster task performance and reduced error for the complex procedure. As result of the first experiment we performed a controlled second experiment. We compared two within-subjects variables namely environment and location under various treatments formed by combination of three between-subject variables namely Software Field Of View (SFOV), Physical FOV, Field Of Regard (FOR). We found that SFOV is the most essential component for learning a procedure efficiently using IVEs. We hypothesize that the higher level of immersion helped users to memorize the complex procedure by providing enhanced spatial cues, leading to the development of an accurate mental map that could be used as a memory aid. / Master of Science