No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 28, 2010). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy in English, Department of English and Film Studies, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

As a large-scale international cultural phenomenon, the Jerusalem pilgrimage must be approached comparatively. This project compares the pilgrimage accounts of two Germans and two Englishmen who travelled to Jerusalem in the second half of the long fifteenth century. The texts are those of William Wey, (written c.1470), Bernhard von Breydenbach (printed 1486), Arnold von Harff (written 1499) and the 'Pylgrymage of Sir Richard Guylforde', composed by his anonymous chaplain (printed 1511). Each chapter focuses on a pilgrim, and one of four thematic topics: genre, the religious other, curiosity and print. This project treats these works as literary texts which can be approached from the perspective of cultural history, rather than as historical sources. The project, therefore, is more a consideration of how the pilgrimage is represented than it is about the events of each pilgrimage, and so it looks at the pilgrimages created in writing. Pilgrimage writings tend to focus on Jerusalem's spiritual significance, rather than its worldly position. In this sense, textual representations of travel to Jerusalem represent something of a disconnect with travel to other physical destinations, and the conceptual space of pilgrimage will be of key significance to this thesis. This has implications for practice as well as writing, and therefore the thesis will address how the writers consider their journeys, as well as the idea of virtual pilgrimage. The thesis engages with questions of identity, and how it is presented, as well as the authors' relationship with their audiences. This necessitates analysing collective identity, as well as the different audiences for printed and manuscript texts. The most important research question, bringing together these issues, considers whether the authors' different geographical origins affect their self-presentation and understanding of pilgrimage. This leads to my central contention: that pilgrimage must be portrayed as a single, unified experience.

Orientador: Jose Claudinei Lombardi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T10:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menardi_AnaPaulaSeco_D.pdf: 2368786 bytes, checksum: a060ac06c2ff41c81351f911f01d3ccb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata sobre a educação na Literatura de Viagem e na Literatura Jesuítica, buscando trazer à tona o seu caráter ideológico. Entendemos por Literatura de Viagem o conjunto de obras, sejam elas escritas por colonizadores, aventureiros, comerciantes, naturalistas ou exploradores, que trazem informações e imagens que deram à Europa uma visão do Novo Mundo através de uma experiência própria proporcionada pela viagem. E por Literatura Jesuítica, os muitos escritos deixados pelos membros da Companhia de Jesus em diferentes formatos: cartas, sermões, narrativas, relatórios, tratados, informativos. Os relatos produzidos pelos viajantes e jesuítas estrangeiros que estiveram no Brasil ao longo dos séculos XVI e XVII são testemunhos fundamentais das viagens e dos contatos estabelecidos com os habitantes do Novo Mundo, sendo uma parte integrante do próprio quadro do processo de conquistas e colonização. Os europeus foram os primeiros a construírem um conhecimento referente à educação no Brasil, entendida tanto no sentido amplo: enquanto conhecimento e observação dos costumes e da vida social, civilidade, polidez, cortesia, cultura socialização e sociabilidade, como também no sentido mais restrito: como meio de adquirir formação e desenvolvimento físico, intelectual, religioso e moral, na sua forma institucionalizada, no sentido mesmo de instrução, de ensino, escolarização. A forma como viajantes e jesuítas estrangeiros, mais especificadamente europeus, observaram, interpretaram, registraram e construíram um conhecimento acerca da educação estão ligadas, direta e indiretamente, a uma visão de mundo socialmente condicionada, representando, portanto, a visão de mundo do branco ocidental civilizado e cristão. Os relatos dos viajantes e jesuítas estrangeiros são expressões ideológicas que refletem as concepções de colonização, sociedade e educação de seu tempo, servindo tanto aos propósitos da Coroa portuguesa como também da Igreja reformada. A questão que se colocou para este trabalho foi justamente como alguns viajantes e jesuítas que estiveram no Brasil nos séculos XVI e XVII e observaram a sociedade colonial brasileira construíram imagens, forjaram interpretaram a sociedade brasileira, articularam informações, fatos e idéias, elaboraram teorias, de forma a expressar uma concepção ideológica de sociedade, religião e educação. Ou seja, como construíram e reproduziram um conhecimento a respeito da educação no Brasil, através de suas obras, buscando desvendar o caráter ideológico desses escritos resultantes das viagens. / Abstract: The present work regards the Education in Travel Writing and Jesuit Literature, seeking to bring out its ideological nature. Travel Writing is all works written by colonizers, adventurers, traders, naturalists and explorers who have information and images that gave Europe a vision of the New World through an experience provided by the trip. And Jesuit literature, the many writings left by members of the Society of Jesus in different formats: letters, sermons, narratives, reports, treaties, information. The reports produced by the Jesuits and foreign travelers who visited Brazil during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are evidence of the fundamental travel and contacts established with the inhabitants of the New World, and is part of the very framework of the conquest and colonization. The Europeans were the first to build a knowledge related to education in Brazil, as understood in the broad sense: as knowledge and observation of manners and social life, civility, politeness, courtesy, culture, socialization and sociability, but also in the narrower sense: as a means to gain training and physical, intellectual, religious and moral, in its institutionalized form, in the same sense learning and acquisition of knowledge. The way that travelers and foreign Jesuits, more specifically the Europeans ones, observed, interpreted, recorded and built a knowledge of education are linked, directly and indirectly, to a worldview socially conditioned, and thus become the world view of Western White civilized and Christian. The accounts of foreign travelers and Jesuits are ideological expressions that reflect the views of colonization, society and education of his time, serving both the purposes of the Portuguese crown, but also of the Reformed Church. The question asked for this work was just as some travelers and missionaries who came to Brazil in the sixteenth and seventeenth century and found the Brazilian colonial society constructed images, forged interpreted the Brazilian society, articulated information, facts and ideas, developed theories of order to express an ideological conception of society, religion and education. That is, as constructed and reproduced knowledge about education in Brazil, through his works, trying to uncover the ideology of these writings of journeys. / Doutorado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Doutor em Educação

L'Italie a toujours été une destination privilégiée de voyage et a accueilli les voyageurs de tous les pays, mais les Français y ont une place importante. Nombre de voyageurs ont éprouvé la nécessité de garder un souvenir en papier de leur entreprise viatique et il nous reste des lettres, de véritables récits de voyage ou des journaux intimes. Au 19e siècle, les femmes, souvent absentes de la littérature viatique antérieure, ont commencé à être associées au voyage d’Italie qui restait une destination favorite de la bonne société européenne. Le voyage d’Italie a été le sujet de nombreuses études depuis quelques décennies. J’ai décidé de m’insérer dans ce courant en privilégiant les récits de voyageuses du 19e siècle et en limitant à l’Italie du Nord, la plus proche de la sociabilité française. La sensibilité féminine est différente de celle des hommes et, bien que les voyageuses soient victimes des mêmes préjugés, l’image qu’on aura cette fois de l’Italie pourra être originale, en fonction aussi des catégories sociales concernées. J’ai donc comparé les récits de ces voyageuses avec les récits de certains de leurs compatriotes masculins et avec les guides touristiques, qui avaient de plus en plus de succès auprès des voyageurs. Parmi les thèmes récurrents, le moment du départ et la vie quotidienne ont une importance cardinale dans les récits féminins. Le but de ma recherche est non seulement de comparer ces différents récits de voyage en retraçant une ligne commune et en même temps d’analyser les différences entre ces expériences italiennes ; il s’agit aussi de comprendre si on peut parler d’une vision et d’une écriture strictement féminines du voyage d’Italie. / Italy has always been a privileged destination and has welcomed travelers from all over the world, and the French have a very important place. Many travelers felt the need to write about their travels in Italy and we still have their letters, true accounts of their visits and personal diaries. In the 19th century Italy remained a favorite destination for the upper classes, and women, often absent from previous travel narratives, started to be associated with Italian travel. Italian travel has been the theme for many studies in the last few decades. I decided to integrate these studies and give priority to 19th century women travelers in the North of Italy, those closest to French society. Feminine sensitivity is different to that of men, and even though women travelers are victims of the same prejudices we will be able to see Italy from an original point of view depending on the classes concerned. I compared women’s accounts of their travels with those of men and also with guide books which were having more and more success among travelers. Among recurrent themes, departure and everyday life have a very important place in women’s travel narratives. My purpose is not only to compare these accounts, tracing a common line and analyzing the differences between these Italian experiences; it is also to understand whether we can speak of a purely feminine vision and writing for Italian travel.

This research aims to explore how representations of Saudi Arabia in German travel literature, pilgrimage accounts and online media have transformed the Saudi Arabian space and its place in the European imagination. German travelers, pilgrims, and expatriates enter the foreign Saudi Arabian space, and decipher it in their narratives. The diachronic analysis of several representative texts by German authors from the 18th and 19th centuries narrating their journey to what is today known as Saudi Arabia, shows that the images conveyed in their writings should be conceived in a multidimensional way beyond the lens of historical analysis, taking into account notions of gender, personal motivations, nationality and religion. Analysis of pilgrimage accounts by German converts from the 20th and 21st century reveals an unreflected representation of Western societies and German people in the Middle East. These narratives play a fundamental role in building a bridge connecting Muslim immigrants living in the diaspora with German converts. However, to quote Marcia Hermansen (1999) "even though Western Muslim narrators avoid the excesses of their Christian precursors, they are not completely free from a colonial gaze and "Orientalist" attitudes": in their narratives both the desert and the Bedouins become an imagined and fictionalized trope. In the last part of my dissertation I explore the blogosphere produced by German expatriates living in Saudi Arabia, arguing that expatriate blogs have become a space for cultural representation and othering, that share similarities with the genre of travel writing.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Deborah Canter and Junehee Kwon / Thailand is one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. However, it has not been successful in capturing and sustaining the U.S. travel market, one of the world’s top source markets by international tourism expenditure. The destination image (DI) is a key factor that affects destination selection, but there has been limited research exploring U.S. travelers’ DI of Thailand. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to measure U.S. travelers’ DI of Thailand and identify important attributes for U.S. travelers in terms of destination selection using mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative approaches. To explore American travelers’ DI of Thailand, personal interviews with 56 U.S. travelers were conducted at Suvarnabhumi Airport in Thailand. Maximum variation purposeful sampling was used to ensure diversity of the sample. One interviewer and a verifier ensured consistent and credible data collection and analyses. Data analyses included inductive, deductive and cross-case analyses. “Friendly People,” “Beaches and Islands,” and “Amazing” described Thailand's DI. First-time visitors had tourist attraction and activity-based images, while repeat visitors rated people and culture-related experience as top reasons for destination selection. Results from the qualitative study were used to identify common and unique attributes for the quantitative survey instrument. To access general perception of Thailand’s DI among U.S. travelers, an online survey was conducted with 522 international travelers including non-visitors (n=173), virtual-visitors (n=175) and visitors to Thailand (n=174). Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and factor analyses were conducted. Of five factors that solidified the DI of Thailand, cultural attributes and local experiences represented Thailand’s DI the most. DIs were different among different types of visitors. Importance-Performance Analysis illustrated Thailand’s destination attributes and their importance for destination selection. For U.S. travelers, travel environment was the most important factor but had low performance. Thailand tourism organizations may use these findings for future marketing efforts toward the U.S. travel market.

D.Com. / When low cost carriers are introduced into domestic or regional scheduled air transport markets, the effects tend to be profound. In most markets where they have been introduced, lower prices have tended to lead to the stimulation of demand. As the scope of the market increases, so too does the number of entrants in the market, resulting not only in higher levels of competition but also lower prices and services. The success of the low cost model is indicated by the uptake in the air transport markets, where low cost carriers sometimes account for as much as 50% of the total air traffic movements. The presence of the low cost carriers is not necessarily a guarantee of success and the market failure rates tend to be high...

After the U.S. Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and the desegregation of public transportation and facilities and with the advancements that African Americans have gained in education, income, and employment, African Americans have greater access to travel opportunities. Today's African Americans travel in greater numbers than ever before and represent a dynamic and growing travel market segment that according to the Travel Industry Association of America (TIA) (2003) generated 75 million person trips in 2002. Although there have been several studies conducted on the differences between ethnic or racial groups with regard to their participation in outdoor recreation, research on differences between African American and White traveler behaviors in the urban tourism context is sparse. This study examined the differences between African American and White travelers who visited the city of New Orleans. Specifically, the study investigated demographic variables (income and gender) for their contribution to the differences between African American and White travelers in the modes of travel, activities participated in, sources of travel information, importance of destination activities, satisfaction with destination attributes, and spending patterns. Significant differences were found in modes of travel, activities participated in, sources of information, information of destination attributes findings (popular, African American Values, and sport and recreation), satisfaction with New Orleans on the destination attributes entertainment, African American Values, and spending. Although the findings of this study reflect the trip characteristics of travelers to New Orleans, future research should examine the applicability to other urban tourism destinations.