Dans l'étude de tout nouveau réacteur nucléaire, la conception de son cœur est une étape décisive. Or il s'agit d'un problème complexe, qui couple fortement la neutronique, la thermomécanique du combustible et la thermo-hydraulique. Actuellement cette conception se fait par longues itérations successives entre les différentes spécialités. Afin d'optimiser de façon plus globale et complète la conception d'un cœur, une nouvelle démarche appelée FARM (FAst Reactor Methodology) a été développée dans le cadre de la thèse. Elle consiste à établir des modèles simplifiés de neutronique, mécanique et thermo-hydraulique, sous forme analytique ou d'interpolation de calculs de codes de référence, puis à les coupler, de manière à pré-dimensionner automatiquement un cœur à partir de variables d'optimisation. Une fois ce modèle établi, on peut explorer et optimiser directement de nombreux cœurs, à partir d'algorithmes génétiques de façon à améliorer leurs performances (inventaire Plutonium en cycle, ...) et leur sûreté (estimateurs de sûreté pour accidents protégés et non-protégés). Une réflexion a également due être menée pour déterminer les performances d'un cœur, ainsi que la façon de prendre en compte la sûreté. Cette nouvelle approche a été utilisée pour optimiser la conception de trois concepts de cœurs de Réacteur à Neutrons Rapides refroidi au Gaz (RNR-G). Tout d'abord, la conception du RNR-G à combustible carbure et à aiguilles en SiC a pu être optimisée. Les résultats ont permis d'une part de démontrer que le cœur de référence issu de la méthode itérative était optimal (c'est-à-dire sur le front de Pareto). D'autre part, l'optimisation a également permis de proposer de nombreux autres cœurs, où en dégradant un estimateur de sûreté ou une performance (sur lesquels des marges étaient disponibles), on améliore les autres performances. Une évolution de ce concept utilisant la nouvelle technologie du buffer, a également été modélisée dans FARM et optimisée. FARM a ainsi permis de proposer les premières images de cœur GFR carbure gainé en SiC utilisant la technologie buffer, et d'estimer leurs performances. Les résultats obtenus montrent que cette innovation permet d'atteindre des cœurs beaucoup plus performants et/ou beaucoup plus " sûrs " (plusieurs profils de cœurs étant proposés). Une troisième application de FARM a été réalisée sur un concept de GFR carbure gainé en Vanadium, où là aussi FARM a proposé les premières images de cœur. Toutefois les grandes incertitudes en jeu ne permettent pas véritablement de conclure sur les performances de ce concept, qui semble prometteur.Ainsi, la faisabilité d'une optimisation globale, couplant les différentes physiques d'un cœur de réacteur nucléaire a été démontrée. Si la méthode ainsi obtenue (FARM) est moins précise que la méthode classique, elle permet d'explorer et d'optimiser beaucoup plus rapidement (en quelques semaines au lieu de quelques mois) un grand nombre de cœurs et est parfaitement adaptée pour l'étape de préconception des cœurs de réacteurs ; d'autres études détaillées permettant ensuite d'affiner l'image de cœur retenue.

Bräckt vatten smakar som tårar – En studie baserad på upplevelser inom Socialförvaltningen i Halmstad kommun beträffande hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Socialförvaltningen i Halmstad arbetar med hedersfrågor. Vi vill fånga de olika aktörernas upplevelse och förståelse av fenomenet hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och resultatet är analyserat med hjälp utav teorierna Intersektionalitet, Postkolonial teori och den Mångkulturella triaden. Resultaten visar på att det finns en ambivalens kring hur intervjupersonerna väljer att definiera hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck och att detta dels bygger på att de är präglade av postkoloniala tankar om ”Den Andre” och dels att de i större utsträckning anammat ett intersektionellt tänkande genom vilket man förstår fenomenet hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck ur variabler såsom kön, klass och etnicitet. Inom Socialförvaltningen i Halmstad urskiljs inte ”hedersrelaterat våld” som en egen kategori från ”våld i nära relationer”. Vilket också visar på att de inte vill kategorisera våldet samtidigt som man talar om att det är mer komplext till sin natur än ”våld i nära relationer”. I skrivande stund finns ingen klar handlingsplan för hur man skall arbeta med hedersproblematiken vilket innebär att intervjupersonerna är hänvisade till sina egna erfarenheter, kunskaper och förståelse om vad hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är. / Brackish water tasting like tears - A study based on the Social Service´s experience of violence relating to honour codes in Halmstad municipal. The purpose of this study is to examine how Social Service authority in Halmstad works with honour-related issues. We intend on one hand to capture the different actors’ experience and their understanding of the phenomenon of honour and on the other hand investigating if there are any action plans regarding it. Qualitative research is used to gain insight into in the studied topic. We used semi-structured interviews as a data collecting method. The outcomes are then analysed using the theory of intersectionality, postcolonial theories and multicultural triad. The results shows that there is a ambivalence standpoints in how the people interviewed chose to define honor-related violence and oppression, and that this partly is based on that they are characterized of postcolonial thoughts about "the other" and also that they in a greater extent has accepted a intersectionality where they see the honor-related violence and oppression phenomena through variables like gender, class and ethnicity. Within Halmstad Social Services authorities, "honor-related violence" is not discerned and falls in to the same category as "violence within close relations". This (also) shows that they don’t wish to categorizes the violence but that they at the same time says that it's more complex than "violence in close relations". There is no clear plan of action at this point on how to work with the honor-related violence which means that respondents rely on their own experiences, knowledge and understanding about what violence and oppression is.

La triade de Vitruve revisitée à travers l’exemple de l’architecture d’Hervé Tordjman. La place de l’art et de la technique dans le processus de conception. Aujourd’hui, la conception de l’architecture demeure comme à son origine, dépendante de l’interaction des trois qualités indissociables de Vitruve : firmitas, utilitas et venustas, considérées autrefois indispensables à l’acte de concevoir. L’incarnation de cette triade dans le processus créatif des concepteurs contemporains que nous avons étudiés dans le cadre de cette thèse, qu’ils soient architectes-ingénieurs-artistes, architectes-artistes ou architectes-ingénieurs, est assujettie d’une part, aux mécanismes cognitifs : le modèle et la pensée analogique ; et d’autre part aux compétences et postures de chacun.Toutefois, en dépit de ce caractère personnel du processus conceptuel, ces trois qualités qui jadis devaient être articulées par une seule personne (l’architecte), se trouvent aujourd’hui menées à l’unisson selon un processus collectif.En effet, grâce aux nouvelles technologies numériques actuelles, l’architecte et les ingénieurs sont mobilisés dans un processus dit collaboratif abolissant ainsi les frontières entre « parti » architectural et « idée constructive », architecture et construction. A travers l’analyse de l’œuvre de l’architecte parisien Hervé Tordjman (1975), il faut souligner l’importance qu’acquiert la « firmitas » dans le processus de création en s’intégrant harmonieusement avec les autres composantes (utilitas et venustas). Ainsi, le point de vue de l’auteur et de chaque acteur de la chaine de conception devient partie intégrante dans le processus. Une telle articulation collective de la trinité vitruvienne dans la pratique contemporaine du projet marque une évolution dans la façon de concevoir l’acte architectural et non une rupture. / Vitruvian triad revisited through the example of the architecture of Hervé Tordjman. The place of art and technique in the design process. Today, the design of architecture remains as to its origin, dependent on the interaction of three inseparable qualities stated by Vitruvius: firmitas, utilitas and venustas, once considered essential to the act of conceiving. The embodiment of this triad in the creative process of contemporary designers that is the concern of this thesis, both artists-architects-engineers, architects or artists-architects-engineers, is subject on the one hand, to cognitive mechanisms: the model and analogical thinking; and secondly to individual skills and postures.However, despite this personal character of the design process, these three qualities which once had to be articulated by one person (i.e. the architect), are now conducted in unison as a collective process.Indeed, thanks to new existing digital technologies, the architect and engineers are mobilized in a process said collaborative that abolishes the boundaries between the architectural part and the constructive system that is architecture and construction. Through the analysis of the work of the Parisian architect Hervé Tordjman (1975), we must emphasize the importance acquired by the "firmitas" in the creation process by being harmoniously integrated with other components (utilitas and venustas). Thus, the author’s view as well as that of each player in the design chain becomes part in the process. Such a collective articulation of the Vitruvian trinity in the contemporary practice project marks an evolution in how to design the architectural act, not a rupture.

This thesis is focused on the idea of an additive triad in the 1st year of elementary school. Specifically, it addresses the problems of additive operations, their reading and writing, the commutative law, and the transition to an inverse additive operation. The objectives of the diploma thesis are two: - to find and to characterize the cognitive phenomena that occur in solving the tasks of addition and subtraction of small natural numbers, thus contributing to mapping the area of the pupil mental scheme of the additive triad. - to describe my own development in the field of research and experimentation. The content of the theoretical part is the research of professional literature, the commentary on the tasks in textbooks for the 1st year of three publishing houses and the description of the new didactic environment in Hejný's Method - Abaku. The practical part is devoted to the recording and description of cognitive phenomena, which appear in solving problems focused on additive operations in the work of pupils from the first years of three different elementary schools, and to a description of my mistakes that occurred during experimentation. The result of this diploma thesis are denominated and commented cognitive phenomena, which appeared in the solving strategies when solving the problems of...

The work deals with the problems of people with autism spectrum disorders and their individual and group integration. The first part of my paper deals with the general characteristics of the different types of autism spectrum disorders, their problem areas, which is a social behavior, communication and imagination and play. The important part is the chapter on integration, which aims to become familiar with its characteristics, possibilities and related legislation. The empirical part deals with the influence of the triad of behavioral manifestations of a child with high-functioning autistic child and a description of their impact on the area of individual and group integration over four years of experience. In this work is shown and described healthy development of the child, with which it is compared individual and group integration. For better orientation is the development of all three lines of development recorded in the chart.

Adolescentes apresentam rápido crescimento e intensas mudanças corporais que os tornam vulneráveis em termos nutricionais. A prática de restrições alimentares, bastante comum entre adolescentes, pode levar a inadequações nutricionais que parecem ser o primeiro sinal para o início de uma desordem alimentar (DA). A participação feminina no esporte e o número de casos de DA em adolescentes atletas de modalidades que exigem exposição do corpo, agilidade e leveza dos movimentos, como o tênis, têm aumentado nos últimos anos. As DA podem levar a complicações de saúde como irregularidades menstruais (IM) e baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO), caracterizando a Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA). Desta forma, acredita-se que alguns componentes dietéticos podem ter associação com DA e seus agravos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação de componentes dietéticos com desordens alimentares, irregularidades menstruais e composição corporal em adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas do sexo feminino. Trata-se de estudo do tipo transversal. Foram realizadas avaliações do desenvolvimento puberal pela auto-aplicação dos critérios de Tanner; da composição corporal pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA); dos parâmetros dietéticos por registro alimentar de três dias alternados; das DA pela aplicação de três questionários validados (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE e o Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ); do ciclo menstrual por questionário validado e da DMO também pelo DXA. A Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA) foi estabelecida pela presença concomitante de DA e/ou baixa disponibilidade de energia (BDE), IM e baixa DMO. Foram realizadas associações por meio de correlações de Spearman entre as variáveis numéricas de componentes dietéticos com DA e composição corporal. Também foram realizadas associações por meio do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher ou prova binomial para as variáveis categóricas de adequação dos componentes dietéticos com DA e seus agravos. Participaram do estudo 75 adolescentes (25 tenistas, 50 não atletas) apresentando desenvolvimento puberal similar. Atletas obtiveram melhor perfil da composição corporal quanto ao tecido adiposo. Quanto à ingestão de macronutrientes, os carboidratos merecem destaque. Em ambos os grupos, a maioria das participantes apresentaram baixa ingestão de carboidratos, sendo este percentual de inadequação significativamente maior para as atletas. Os micronutrientes que obtiveram maior percentual de inadequação foram folato e cálcio em ambos os grupos. Verificou-se que 92%, 32% e 24% das atletas e 72%, 8% e 30% das não atletas preencheram critérios para DA e/ou BDE, IM e baixa massa óssea, respectivamente. Apesar de adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas apresentarem prevalência de DA similares, as não atletas apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal pelo teste BSQ. No entanto, as atletas parecem estar em situação mais grave uma vez que apresentaram maior prevalência de BDE e de IM. A DMO e a prevalência de TMA foram similares entre os grupos. Foi verificada associação inversa e significativa entre alguns componentes dietéticos (principalmente energia e carboidratos) e os escores do teste BSQ. Foi possível concluir que a baixa ingestão de alguns componentes dietéticos, principalmente energia e carboidratos, podem funcionar como marcadores para desordens alimentares em ambos os grupos a fim de previnir posteriores consequências à saúde / Adolescents have a rapid growth and and intense body changes that make them vulnerable in nutritional terms. The practice of dietary restrictions, quite common among adolescents, can lead to nutritional inadequacies that appear to be the first signal for the start of disordered eating (DE). The female sports participation and the number of DE cases in adolescent athletes from sports that require bodys exposure, agility and soft movements, like tennis, have increased in recent years. DE can lead to serious health complications such as menstrual irregularities (MI) and low bone mineral density (BMD), constituting the female athlete Triad (FAT). Thus, it is believed that certain dietary components may be associated with DE and its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary components with disordered eating, menstrual irregularities and body composition in female adolescent tennis players and controls. This was a cross-sectional study. We carried out assessments of pubertal development by Tanner stage self-assessments; body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); dietary parameters by three-day food records; DE by the application of three validated questionnaires (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE and the Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ), menstrual status through a validated questionnaire and BMD also by DXA. The Female athlete Triad (FAT) was established by the concomitant presence of DE and/or low energy availability (LEA), MI and low BMD. Associations were performed using Spearman`s correlations between numerical variables of dietary components with DE and body composition. Also associations were performed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or binomial test for categorical variables of dietary components adequacy with DE and its complications. The study enrolled 75 adolescents (25 female tennis players, 50 controls) presenting with similar pubertal development. Athletes had better body composition profile, regarding the adipose tissue. As for the intake of macronutrients, carbohydrates are noteworthy. In both groups, most participants had low intake of carbohydrates, being this frequency of inadequacy significantly higher for athletes. Micronutrients with the greatest percentage of inadequacy were folic acid and calcium in both groups. It was found that 92%, 32% and 24% of the athletes and 72%, 8% and 30% of controls met the criteria for DE and / or LEA, MI, low bone mass, respectively. Although adolescent tennis players and controls present with similar prevalence of DA, the controls showed greater dissatisfaction with body image by BSQ test. However, the athletes seem to be in a more serious situation since they had a higher prevalence of LEA and MI. BMD and the prevalence of FAT were similar between groups. Significant inverse association was found between some dietary components (mainly energy and carbohydrates) and scores of BSQ test. It was concluded that low dietary intakes of some dietary components, mainly energy and carbohydrates, may function as markers for disordered eating in both groups in order to prevent further health consequences

Adolescentes apresentam rápido crescimento e intensas mudanças corporais que os tornam vulneráveis em termos nutricionais. A prática de restrições alimentares, bastante comum entre adolescentes, pode levar a inadequações nutricionais que parecem ser o primeiro sinal para o início de uma desordem alimentar (DA). A participação feminina no esporte e o número de casos de DA em adolescentes atletas de modalidades que exigem exposição do corpo, agilidade e leveza dos movimentos, como o tênis, têm aumentado nos últimos anos. As DA podem levar a complicações de saúde como irregularidades menstruais (IM) e baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO), caracterizando a Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA). Desta forma, acredita-se que alguns componentes dietéticos podem ter associação com DA e seus agravos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação de componentes dietéticos com desordens alimentares, irregularidades menstruais e composição corporal em adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas do sexo feminino. Trata-se de estudo do tipo transversal. Foram realizadas avaliações do desenvolvimento puberal pela auto-aplicação dos critérios de Tanner; da composição corporal pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA); dos parâmetros dietéticos por registro alimentar de três dias alternados; das DA pela aplicação de três questionários validados (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE e o Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ); do ciclo menstrual por questionário validado e da DMO também pelo DXA. A Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA) foi estabelecida pela presença concomitante de DA e/ou baixa disponibilidade de energia (BDE), IM e baixa DMO. Foram realizadas associações por meio de correlações de Spearman entre as variáveis numéricas de componentes dietéticos com DA e composição corporal. Também foram realizadas associações por meio do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher ou prova binomial para as variáveis categóricas de adequação dos componentes dietéticos com DA e seus agravos. Participaram do estudo 75 adolescentes (25 tenistas, 50 não atletas) apresentando desenvolvimento puberal similar. Atletas obtiveram melhor perfil da composição corporal quanto ao tecido adiposo. Quanto à ingestão de macronutrientes, os carboidratos merecem destaque. Em ambos os grupos, a maioria das participantes apresentaram baixa ingestão de carboidratos, sendo este percentual de inadequação significativamente maior para as atletas. Os micronutrientes que obtiveram maior percentual de inadequação foram folato e cálcio em ambos os grupos. Verificou-se que 92%, 32% e 24% das atletas e 72%, 8% e 30% das não atletas preencheram critérios para DA e/ou BDE, IM e baixa massa óssea, respectivamente. Apesar de adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas apresentarem prevalência de DA similares, as não atletas apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal pelo teste BSQ. No entanto, as atletas parecem estar em situação mais grave uma vez que apresentaram maior prevalência de BDE e de IM. A DMO e a prevalência de TMA foram similares entre os grupos. Foi verificada associação inversa e significativa entre alguns componentes dietéticos (principalmente energia e carboidratos) e os escores do teste BSQ. Foi possível concluir que a baixa ingestão de alguns componentes dietéticos, principalmente energia e carboidratos, podem funcionar como marcadores para desordens alimentares em ambos os grupos a fim de previnir posteriores consequências à saúde / Adolescents have a rapid growth and and intense body changes that make them vulnerable in nutritional terms. The practice of dietary restrictions, quite common among adolescents, can lead to nutritional inadequacies that appear to be the first signal for the start of disordered eating (DE). The female sports participation and the number of DE cases in adolescent athletes from sports that require bodys exposure, agility and soft movements, like tennis, have increased in recent years. DE can lead to serious health complications such as menstrual irregularities (MI) and low bone mineral density (BMD), constituting the female athlete Triad (FAT). Thus, it is believed that certain dietary components may be associated with DE and its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary components with disordered eating, menstrual irregularities and body composition in female adolescent tennis players and controls. This was a cross-sectional study. We carried out assessments of pubertal development by Tanner stage self-assessments; body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); dietary parameters by three-day food records; DE by the application of three validated questionnaires (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE and the Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ), menstrual status through a validated questionnaire and BMD also by DXA. The Female athlete Triad (FAT) was established by the concomitant presence of DE and/or low energy availability (LEA), MI and low BMD. Associations were performed using Spearman`s correlations between numerical variables of dietary components with DE and body composition. Also associations were performed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or binomial test for categorical variables of dietary components adequacy with DE and its complications. The study enrolled 75 adolescents (25 female tennis players, 50 controls) presenting with similar pubertal development. Athletes had better body composition profile, regarding the adipose tissue. As for the intake of macronutrients, carbohydrates are noteworthy. In both groups, most participants had low intake of carbohydrates, being this frequency of inadequacy significantly higher for athletes. Micronutrients with the greatest percentage of inadequacy were folic acid and calcium in both groups. It was found that 92%, 32% and 24% of the athletes and 72%, 8% and 30% of controls met the criteria for DE and / or LEA, MI, low bone mass, respectively. Although adolescent tennis players and controls present with similar prevalence of DA, the controls showed greater dissatisfaction with body image by BSQ test. However, the athletes seem to be in a more serious situation since they had a higher prevalence of LEA and MI. BMD and the prevalence of FAT were similar between groups. Significant inverse association was found between some dietary components (mainly energy and carbohydrates) and scores of BSQ test. It was concluded that low dietary intakes of some dietary components, mainly energy and carbohydrates, may function as markers for disordered eating in both groups in order to prevent further health consequences

Hantering av information blir allt viktigare i dagens informationssamhälle då information är en av de värdefullaste tillgångarna för verksamheter. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att skapa ett styrdokument för IT-administratörer som hjälper dem vid klassificering av informationssystem. Styrdokumentet har som uppgift att kontrollera att informationssystem lever upp till verksamheternas krav som finns på konfidentialitet, integritet, tillgänglighet och spårbarhet. Styrdokumentets vetenskapliga värde har verifierats genom att utvalda IT-administratörer undersökt och utvärderat styrdokumentet. Resultatet visar att styrdokumentet kan användas som ett hjälpmedel. Det är lättförståeligt, lämpar sig för mindre tekniska personer och kan även i vissa fall effektivisera klassificeringsprocessen. Slutsatsen är att behovet av denna typ av styrdokument för klassificering av informationssystem behövs inom verksamheter. / Information management is increasingly important in today’s information society as information is one of the most valuable assets for businesses. The purpose of this paper was to create a steering document for IT administrators and to help them when classifying information systems. The steering document is responsible for verifying that information systems meet businesses requirements of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and traceability. The scientific value of the steering document has been verified by selected IT administrators, who have investigated and evaluated it. The results show that the steering document may be used as a guideline for information system classification. It is easily understandable, suitable for less technical people, and may in some cases make the classification process even more efficient. The conclusion is that this type of steering document for information system classification is needed within businesses.

Historically there has been many changes to the construction of fatherhood. These changes have not been linear and most significant changes took place during the twentieth century. Four ways of being and acting as a father (i.e., Discourses) have been identified: the father as moral overseer; the father as distant breadwinner; the father as sex-role model, and the new nurturant father. Previous studies have indicated that men’s experiences of fatherhood are very diverse and multifaceted. Fathers may experience intense feelings of elation and happiness, as well as depression and anxiety. Results even indicated that some fathers experienced physical symptoms such as morning sickness or hormonal changes, similar to what the mother could experience. There is also a distinction between three phases: pre-natal, the birth, and post-natal. However, there is a significant gap in the available knowledge related to the subjective experience of fathers, particularly in the South African context. This study is an exploration from within a social constructionist framework, of the experiences of first-time fatherhood. Using a multiple-case study design, the aim was to explore and answer the question: “How do men experience first-time fatherhood?” A qualitative approach to research was applied and three first-time fathers were recruited applying purposive and snowball sampling strategies for interviews that were conducted during May to June 2003. The Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique, which requires the participants to build a collage and participate in a semi-structured interview, was utilized for data collection. Data were analysed by way of thematic analysis, based on transcriptions and translations of the interview material. Three major themes emerged from the data: responsibility, feelings and thoughts and relationships. Collectively, ten sub-themes were extracted from the interviews.. With regard to responsibility, the three first-time fathers indicated that they associated aspects such as financial, emotional and educational provision as primary concerns of first-time fatherhood. Thoughts and feelings ranged from feelings of happiness and elation, stress and anxiety, to confusion and helplessness, as well as a sense of a loss of freedom. In terms of relationships, family, marriage, and the father-child relationship, emerged as significant in their overall experience of first-time fatherhood. These themes and the sub-themes were identified in both the collage and interview material collected for each father. The utilisation of the ZMET and a qualitative approach based in a social constructionist perspective proved useful in eliciting the more intimate experiences of first-time fatherhood. The project was, however, limited because only white male subjects were involved, and themes related to masculine stereotypes in the construction of the father’s reality of first-time fatherhood, and the gender of the baby, could not be explored. Further research on the topic is therefore proposed to explore the richness of the topic and to offer context-specific constructions of the multiple realities of first-time fatherhood. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to examine Machofabriken 2.0 through discourse analysis.Examine how concepts are filled with meaning and what alternative meanings that are excluded. Ialso scrutinized what pedagogic tools and strategies put forward to achieve change and discuss ifit is possible to approach ordinary men as violent. Furthermore, I have analyzed underpinningassumptions of gender and violence and how masculinities, femininities, violence, andresponsibility are discursively produced. I have paid extra attention to three short movies; RealLife (Sexual harassment and bystander), Ice Cream (Consent and Free will) and Step-up(Pornography) with inspiration from feministfrequency.se to explore visual media and to payattention to the Male Gaze, objectification and sexualization of women, constructed differencesbetween men and women. Feminist Frequency provided me with the concept of Tropes in theexamination of representations of boys and girls in the short movies.The examination has uncovered gender biases in Machofabriken, which privilege the male overthe female and runs the categories fixed and reveals how the masculine discourse has constructedwomen as the Other. This thesis argues, it has dismantled the destructive masculine discourse andhow subjects of both genders are positioned and constituted within that discourse. This alsomeans the construction of gender is already there, before the text, before the short movies.