Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1967. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140).

Parmi les nématodes gastro-intestinaux ayant un impact majeur sur la santé des ruminants Haemonchus contortus est l’espèce la plus pathogène. Actuellement, le contrôle des populations parasitaires repose sur les traitements anthelminthiques dont l’efficacité est limitée par l’émergence de parasites résistants. L'établissement de nouvelles stratégies de lutte (thérapeutiques ou vaccinales) repose actuellement sur l'identification de nouvelles cibles moléculaires. Ainsi, les gènes spécifiquement régulés lors de la phase précoce d’interaction du parasite H. contortus avec son hôte sont des cibles de choix. Afin d’identifier ces gènes, 4 banques d’H. contortus enrichies en ADNc spécifiquement exprimés au stade L4 (5 jours après infestation) ont été obtenues par la technique d’Hybridation Suppressive et Soustractive (SSH). Sur 400 clones criblés (dot-blot, RT-PCR), 51 clones d’intérêts ont été regroupés en 10 contigs. Les candidats possédant un peptide signal de sécrétion ont fait l’objet d’une étude plus approfondie. Les homologues de ces candidats ont été recherchés chez les deux autres principales espèces de strongles gastro-intestinaux (T. circumcincta et T. colubriformis) dans le but d’évaluer leur polymorphisme. La production et la purification des protéines recombinantes correspondant à ces candidats a également été réalisée afin de tester leur éventuel pouvoir immunogène. / Gastro-intestinal nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus have a major impact on health of small ruminants world-wide. The control of infections remains largely based on anthelminthic treatments, but spreading of resistance has reduced their efficiency. An attractive solution would be the development of anti-nematode vaccines. Genes expressed during the early parasitic stage of H. contortus constituted our main targets. We have developed an approach based on SSH (Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization) technique and generated 4 subtracted cDNA libraries of H. contortus enriched in cDNA specifically expressed during L4 stage (five days post infection). 400 clones were analyzed by dot-blotand 51 clones regrouped in 10 contigs. All contigs were validated by RT-PCR. Homologues of candidates possessing a signal peptide were searched in T. colubriformis and T. circumcincta to evaluate their polymorphism. Recombinant proteins of theses candidates were produced and purified in order to know if they have a good vaccine potential with cross protection against two major gastro-intestinal nematodes.

Orientador: Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante / Resumo: Avaliou-se a influência de dois esquemas de tratamento com anti-helmíntico e de duas dietas na profilaxia da verminose em 32 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, com idade média de três meses e peso 22,47 ± 1,57 kg. Os cordeiros foram alocados em quatro grupos experimentais: (1) Dieta Suplementada/Tratamento Seletivo; (2) Dieta Suplementada/Tratamento Supressivo; (3) Dieta Basal/Tratamento Seletivo e (4) Dieta Basal/Tratamento Supressivo. Na dieta suplementada, os animais receberam concentrado em quantidade equivalente a 2% do peso vivo (PV) e na basal, quantidade equivalente a 0,35% do PV. Excetuando-se o período do fornecimento do concentrado, os animais permaneceram todo tempo juntos, em pastagem de Urochloa decumbens e Tifton. No tratamento seletivo, os cordeiros foram tratados individualmente com monepantel (2,5 mg/kg) quando apresentavam volume globular (VG) ≤ 22%. Os animais tratados supressivamente recebiam o mesmo anti-helmíntico a cada 14 dias. Os cordeiros tratados supressivamente não eliminaram ovos de estrongilídeos em nenhum momento do experimento, que teve duração de 14 semanas, porém apresentaram infecções leves por Strongyloides papillosus. Vários animais tratados seletivamente apresentaram infecção pesada por Estrongilídeos (Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus colubriformis), acompanhadas de redução nos valores de VG e proteína plasmática total. Por esta razão, tratamentos seletivos foram administrados para todos animais do grupo dieta basal e em cinco anim... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The influence of two treatment regimens with anthelmintic and two diets in the prophylaxis of verminosis was evaluated in 32 male lambs, not castrated, with an average age of three months and weighing 22.47 ± 1.57 kg. The lambs were allocated in four experimental groups: (1) Supplemented diet / Selective Treatment; (2) Supplemented diet / Suppressive Treatment; (3) Basal Diet / Selective Treatment and (4) Basal Diet / Suppressive Treatment. In the supplemented diet, the animals received concentrate equivalent to 2% of body weight (BW) and basal, equivalent to 0.35% of BW. Except for the period of supply of the concentrate, the animals remained together at Urochloa decumbens and Tifton pasture. In the case of selective treatment, lambs were individually treated with monepantel (2.5 mg / kg) when they had packed cell volume (PCV) ≤ 22%. Suppressive treated animals received the same anthelmintic every 14 days. Suppressive treated lambs did not eliminate strongyles eggs in any time of the experiment, that lasted 14 weeks, but they had mild infections by Strongyloides papillosus. Several selectively treated animals presented high infection intensity by strongyles (Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis), accompanied by reduction in PCV and total plasma protein values. For this reason, selective treatments were administered to all animals from the basal diet group and 5 animals from the supplemented diet. Progressive elevation in values of plasma IgG anti-L3 of H. ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Pas de résumé fourni / No summary available

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlus_Linecio.pdf: 917351 bytes, checksum: 53a4b9401537148311b995466de2ad88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-04 / The study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of propolis in evaluation nematode infections in female sheep Santa Ines, naturally infected, which had an average weight of 21.73 kg and age of 2 years. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with four treatments, four blocks and two replications, with one sheep per experimental unit, totaling 32 animals. Four treatments were carried individual orally at single doses, the first treatment was administered 10 ml of water as a control (reference), treatment 2 used 10 ml of 70 ° alcohol INPM (70% w / w); treatment was 3 to 5 mL dose of alcoholic extract of propolis (EAP) to 30% and 4 treatment dose was 10 ml of alcoholic extract of propolis (EAP) to 30%. It was observed that the count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and larvae of the genera Haemonchus sp and Trichostrongylus sp were reduced with the use of two doses of the EAP to 30%, 5 mL and 10 mL, but the dose of 10 mL of EAP presents significant result from the 1st day to the OPG and on day 21 for the genus Haemonchus sp, the dose 5 and 10 mL of EAP are suitable for genus Trichostrongylus sp the 7th day and the OPG on the 3rd, 7th and 21th day. Based on the results, it is concluded that the oral use of alcoholic extract of propolis is an alternative to control worms in sheep / Na maioria dos países, está se tornando proibido o uso de hormônios, agrotóxicos e antibióticos nos alimentos. Desta forma, os consumidores exigem cada vez mais alimentos naturais e de melhor qualidade. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato alcoólico da própolis na avaliação de verminoses em ovinos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos, quatro blocos e duas repetições, com um ovino por unidade experimental, totalizando 32 animais. Foram realizados quatro tratamentos, individuais, por via oral, em dose única. O tratamento 1 consistiu em 10 mL de água como controle (referência); o tratamento 2 foi de 10 mL de álcool (70% p/p); o tratamento 3, 0,2 mL por quilo de extrato alcoólico de própolis (EAP) a 30%; e o tratamento 4, 0,4 mL por quilo (EAP) a 30%. Os resultados foram avaliados pela contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura, com contagem de larvas. Observou-se que a contagem de OPG e a contagem de larvas dos gêneros Haemonchus sp e Trichostrongylus sp foram reduzidas com a utilização das duas dosagens do EAP a 30%, 5 mL e 10 mL, porém a dose de 10 mL do EAP apresenta resultado significativo desde o 1º dia para o OPG e no 21º dia para o gênero Haemonchus SP. As doses de 5 e 10 mL de EAP são adequadas para o gênero Trichostrongylus sp no 7º dia e para o OPG no 3º, 7º e 21º dia. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a utilização oral do EAP é uma alternativa no controle de verminoses em ovinos

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_lh_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 279113 bytes, checksum: 9c774793aed7b191e5a1f8a1deaa84d8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbertoLFAJ_DISSERT.pdf: 1671046 bytes, checksum: 8699a01f6b8beb7c7731350f466df41d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants is usually done with anthelmintics. However, due to the emergence of ever-increasing parasite resistance to these drugs, looking up an alternative control parasites. One of this is sought in pasture management, as these are the sources of animals` infection by L3 infective larvae of helminths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai and cv. Aruana, and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piat? and cv. Marandu. The work was conducted from May to August-2011 with 48 male sheeps SRD versus Santa In?s breed. The animals were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, and maintained in four different cultivars of tropical forage grasses, naturally contaminated with eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. Each week the animals were phenotypically characterized by parasitological examinations (eggs per gram of feces - EPG, and feces culture), hematological (packed cell volume PCV, and blood eosinophil count) method to evaluate the Famacha? colorof ocular mucosa, and the measures of body condition score and weight. In pastures was made the recovery of infective larvae in order to determine the quantity of L3 present in the pasture. The experimental design was a randomized completed block with two replications and before the entry of animals in the paddocks, they have been wormed. The experiment was ended when the animals reached 32.0 kg liveweight, and then were slaughtered and autopsies performed for the recovery and identify parasites of the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine. Results were subjected to analysis of variance, t test and Tukey`s test. The animals kept on pastures of Marandu grass had lower EPG counts, higher percentage of packed cell volume and higher average weight; those who remained in the Piat? pasture had lower eosinophil counts per microliter of blood. About the Famacha?, the highest prevalence was Famacha 2, and the body condition score ranged between 2 and 3. The results of feces cultures and recovery of larvae on pastures showed the presence of larvae of Trichostrongylus sp., and at the necropsy too. This way, it was concluded that the grass cultivars influences the sheep parasite load; the Famacha, together with EPG and packed cell volume are important indicators for use in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections. The Trichostrongylus sp. was the most prevalent parasite in sheep during the rainy season / O controle dos nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes usualmente ? feito pela administra??o de anti-helm?nticos. Por?m, devido ao aparecimento cada vez mais crescente da resist?ncia parasit?ria a estas drogas, busca-se um controle alternativo e eficaz para as parasitoses. Uma das alternativas est? no manejo das pastagens, j? que estas s?o as fontes de infec??o dos animais pelas larvas infectantes L3 dos helmintos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de ovinos frente ?s infec??es naturais por nematoides gastrintestinais mantidos em pastagens de Panicum maximum cv. Massai e cv. Aruana, e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piat? e cv. Marandu. O experimento foi realizado de Maio a Agosto/2011, com 48 ovinos machos, mesti?os SRD x Santa In?s, naturalmente infectados por nematoides gastrintestinais e mantidos em quatro diferentes cultivares de gram?neas forrageiras tropicais naturalmente contaminadas por ovos e larvas de nematoides gastrintestinais. Semanalmente, os animais foram caracterizados fenotipicamente atrav?s de exames parasitol?gicos (ovos por grama de fezes OPG e coprocultura), exames hematol?gicos (volume globular VG, e contagem de eosin?filos sangu?neos), pelo m?todo Famacha? para avaliar a colora??o da mucosa ocular, e pelas medidas de escore de condi??o corporal e ganho de peso. Nas pastagens foi feita a recupera??o das larvas infectantes, a fim de determinar a quantidade de L3 presentes no pasto. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repeti??es, e antes da entrada dos animais nos piquetes, os mesmos foram vermifugados. O per?odo experimental foi finalizado quando os animais atingiram 32,0 kg de peso vivo, e em seguida foram abatidos e realizada a necr?psia para recupera??o e identifica??o dos parasitos do abomaso, intestino delgado e intestino grosso. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia, teste t e teste de Tukey. Os animais mantidos nas pastagens de capim Marandu apresentaram menores contagens de OPG, maior porcentagem de volume globular e maior m?dia de peso; os que permaneceram na pastagem Piat? apresentaram menores contagens de eosin?filos por microlitro de sangue. O Famacha de maior preval?ncia foi o Famacha 2 e o escore de condi??o corporal oscilou entre os ?ndices 2 e 3. Os resultados das coproculturas e a recupera??o das larvas nas pastagens evidenciou presen?a de larvas de Trichostrongylus sp., bem como na necropsia este tamb?m foi o parasito de maior preval?ncia. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a cultivar forrageira influencia na carga parasit?ria dos ovinos; o Famacha, juntamente com o OPG e VG constituem indicadores importantes para serem utilizados no controle das verminoses gastrintestinais; o Trichostrongylus sp. foi o parasito de maior preval?ncia nos ovinos no per?odo chuvoso

Orientador: Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante / Banca: Cledson Augusto Garcia / Banca: Ivanete Susin / Banca: Kátia Denise Saraiva Bresciani / Banca: Reinaldo José da Silva / Abstract: Previous studies carried out in Brazil provided evidence that alternate grazing of a pasture by sheep and adult cattle can significantly reduce numbers of nematode parasites in sheep. An experiment was carried out from January/2004 to December/2005 in order to evaluate the control of sheep nematodes by using different alternate grazing strategies. An eight-paddock rotational grazing system was devised in which each paddock was grazed for 4 days, then spelled for 28 days. Six areas with 1.41 ha were subdivided into eight paddocks using electric fencing. Sixty six Ile de France ewes and 12 steers (more than 2-years-old) were randomly allocated in groups 1, 2 or 3 (22 sheep and 4 cattle per group). Three systems of grazing management were compared, each occupying two areas, a cattle area and a sheep area. In the systems 1, 2 and 3 the sheep and cattle were interchanged, respectively, every 32 days (animals of Group 1), every 96 days (animals of Group 2) or every 192 days (animals of Group 3). Monthly, faecal and blood samples were taken from each animal. Pasture samples were also collected from each paddock to determine the number of infective larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM). Tracer lambs were placed in each system to graze with the sheep of each group in three seasons of 2005 (summer, winter and spring). Then, these animals were slaughtered for identification of nematode species and estimation of worm burden. All cattle were also slaughtered with the same purpose. In the tracer lambs, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were the predominant nematodes, while in cattle, Haemonchus similis, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum were the most important species. A considerable reduction in concentrations of third stage larvae on herbage occurred in areas that were grazed with cattle for 96 or 192 days. Cross infection between sheep... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This thesis describes a series of three experiments designed to estimate the nutritional cost of the immune response to the gastrointestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep. For each experiment, animals were allocated hierarchically by liveweight into one of four groups that were either infected (group IF), similarly infected and concurrently immuno-suppressed with weekly intramuscular injections of 1.3mg kg liveweight (LW)-1 of methylprednisolone acetate (group ISIF), immuno-suppressed only (group IS) or remained as controls (group C). Body composition of all animals was estimated using x-ray computer tomography prior to infection and at the conclusion of each study with bodyweight and faecal nematode egg counts (FEC; eggs gram-1 of fresh faeces (epg)) measured along with blood samples taken for the determination of levels of serum proteins, phosphate and antibodies. In the first trial (Chapter 3), the nutritional cost of both the acquisition and maintenance of immunity to gastro-intestinal nematodes was investigated using immunologically naive 5-month-old lambs and immunologically competent 17-month-old ewes during infection with 2,000 and 4,000 L3 infective T. colubriformis larvae d-1, respectively (80 L3 T. colubriformis larvae kgLW-1 d-1). Profiles of FEC and comparative worm burdens at slaughter indicated an effective immune response was maintained in IF ewes and developed in IF lambs while successfully suppressed in both ISIF lambs and ISIF ewes and was confirmed by serum antibody titres. The typical reduction in voluntary feed intake as a consequence of infection was observed in IF lambs (0.30, p&lt0.001) but not in IF ewes, ISIF lambs or ISIF ewes, and appeared to be associated with L3 IgA. Gross efficiency of use of metabolizable energy (ME) for net energy (NE) deposition was reduced by 0.20 in lambs during acquisition of immunity and by 0.16 in ewes maintaining an established immunity. Infection in immuno-suppressed animals reduced efficiency by 0.05 and 0.15 for lambs and ewes. These findings allowed the hypothesis that the reduction in feed intake and nutrient utilization in young parasitized sheep is caused by physiological signalling associated with the acquisition phase of the host immune response to infection, rather than simply the damage caused by the parasite per se. The second trial (Chapter 4) investigated the influence of metabolizable protein (MP) supply on the metabolic disturbances associated with the acquisition phase of the immune response during infection with 2,000 L3 T. colubriformis d-1. Groups of lambs were offered either a low protein (L; 62g MP kgDM-1) or high protein diet (H; 95g MP kgDM-1). Patterns of total daily egg excretion indicated that an effective immune response was developed in HIF, but not LIF, HISIF nor LISF and was confirmed by comparative worm burdens. The proportionate reduction in feed intake in immunologically normal animals was reduced through the provision of additional protein, being 0.12 in HIF and 0.23 in LIF. Regardless of diet, infection did not cause a reduction in feed intake in immuno-suppressed animals (p&gt0.05). Infection proportionately reduced the gross efficiency of ME utilization in immunologically normal animals by 0.23 in HIF (p=0.09) and by 0.51 in LIF (p=0.01), but not in immuno-suppressed animals. Immuno-suppression did not suppress serum L3 IgA levels in seven of the eight HISIF and four of the eight LISIF animals. Furthermore, only four out of the eight immunologically normal animals from both the HIF and LIF groups displayed an L3 IgA response. Consequently, regardless of immuno-suppression treatment, animals were termed as IgA responders (HR or LR) or non-responders (HN or LN). Feed intake was proportionately reduced from day 22 by 0.15 in HR (p=0.03) and by 0.32 in LR (p=0.01), but was not significantly reduced in HN or LN. Gross efficiency of ME utilization was significantly reduced for LN animals only, being proportionately 0.59 (p&lt0.01). These findings allowed the conclusion that additional MP reduced the consequence of immunological signalling that was displayed in reduced feed intake and in nutrient utilization, both of which appeared to be associated with an IgA response. It is hypothesized that the lessening of nutritional disturbance observed in high protein and immuno-suppressed animals could be a consequence of altered physiological signalling during the immunological cascade. The third trial (Chapter 5) utilized lambs infected with the abomasal parasite T. circumcincta to explore the possibility that the reduction in feed intake and nutrient utilization is a universal phenomenon of the acquisition phase of the immune response to nematode parasites inhabiting different organs along the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, immunological changes at the site of parasite infestation in the abomasal mucosa were measured from serial biopsy tissue samples taken from a further twelve animals that were surgically fitted with an abomasal cannula and either infected (CIF) or concurrently infected and immuno-suppressed as described previously (CISIF). The development of immunity in IF animals was accompanied by a 0.17 proportional decrease in feed intake between days 15 to 28 of infection (p&lt0.05) and a 0.20 proportional reduction in nutrient utilization (p=0.07), none of which were observed in ISIF animals. While FEC and worm burdens indicated successful immuno-suppression in ISIF animals, both serum IgA and total antibody production were not reduced. The development of immunity in CIF was reflected in an increase in both mast cells and globule leukocytes in serial abomasal tissue biopsies, both of which were reduced in CISIF (p&lt0.01 for both). In serial biopsy tissue, immuno-suppression did prevent a rise in tissue IgA that was apparent in CIF animals (p&lt0.01) although these changes were not reflected in serum IgA levels. It appears that the alleviation of the reduction in feed intake and nutrient utilization in young lambs through the use of corticosteroid induced immuno-suppression may be a universal phenomenon for both intestinal and abomasal parasites, but the association with and/or role of IgA during infection with T. circumcincta is unclear. In summary, the reduction in feed intake and nutrient utilization in sheep during infection with both the abomasal nematode T. circumcincta and the small intestine nematode T. colubriformis appears to be associated with a component(s) of the acquisition phase of the host immune response, rather than, as conventionally assumed, the direct mechanical damage of the parasite per se. It is hypothesised that the nutritional disturbance as a consequence of infection in young lambs may be the result of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in immunological signalling that may also be associated with the production of IgA, the effects of which can be reduced through the provision of adequate MP. These studies provide evidence that the immune response to gastrointestinal parasites is nutritionally costly to the animal and have implications for application of manipulations that are intended to promote the development of a strong immune reaction in high producing animals.