This work details the implementation of a debugger for a small embedded RISC-V system. KTH uses an in-house designed microcontroller development board for computer and electronics design courses. The boards did not incorporate hardware debugging capabilities and no prior software implementation fulfilled the requirements for the specific target system. The debugger used a hybrid software and hardware approach for achievingbasic debugging features such as breakpoints, stepping and break signals. The hybrid approach repurposed the microcontrollers debug module to enable debugging with no external hardware. The debugger implementation met all of the requirements for being ableto be used in the intended educational setting, and had a limited footprint withregard to resource usage, but with room for further optimization. / Detta arbete beskriver implementationen av en debugger för ett mindre RISC-V system. KTH använder ett internt framtaget utvecklingskort med en mikrokontroller för kurser inom programmering för inbyggda system och elektronikdesign. Korten inkluderade inte stöd för hårdvarubaserad debugging och inga befintliga mjukvarulösningar mötte kraven för det specifika systemet. Debuggern använde en blandad hårdvaru- och mjukvarulösning för att uppnå debug-funktionalitet som brytpunkter, stegning och brytsignaler. Implementationen nyttjade den i mikrokontrollern inbyggda debugmodulen(debug module) för att tillgängliggöra debugging utan någon extern hårdvara. Implementationen mötte alla krav för att kunna användas i den tilltänkta studiemiljön, och hade en begränsad resursanvändning, men med rum för ytterligare optimeringar.

We are living in the “Anthropocene” the era in which human activities are responsible for severe damage to the resilience of the ecological and social systems, undermining the Earth’s autopoetic mechanism, integrity and ability to function as a healthy complex adaptive systems. The prevailing societal paradigm for business practices has yet to realise the reality of our current global unsustainable state – and the shift necessary to move us forward collectively. Startup companies have a unique opportunity to gain and leverage competitiveness and attractiveness for funding and customers through sustainability driven business strategies, models and value propositions. This research analyses literature, document and interview data to explore if and how current practices in the Lean Startup contribute to a sustainable society – and how a Strategic Sustainable Development approach might be introduced to enhance the resilience of Lean Startups. Therefore, our key recommendations for Lean Startups that want to introduce an SSD approach are: to raise awareness about the sustainability challenges and opportunities; utilise backcasting towards a vision framed by the Sustainability Principles; focus on fulfilling fundamental basic Human Needs; utilize strategic prioritization questions when pivoting and combine the FSSD ABCD process with the Lean BML cycle. Ultimately, this thesis proposes the use of Strategic Sustainable Trigger Questions to (re)design sustainable business models and value-propositions. We conclude that “asking the right questions - rather than giving answers up front” might spark conversations and innovations in Lean Startups, beneficial for the sustainability of both the individual startup the larger socio-ecological systems.

Vehicle activated signs (VAS) display a warning message when drivers exceed a particular threshold. VAS are often installed on local roads to display a warning message depending on the speed of the approaching vehicles. VAS are usually powered by electricity; however, battery and solar powered VAS are also commonplace. This thesis investigated devel-opment of an automatic trigger speed of vehicle activated signs in order to influence driver behaviour, the effect of which has been measured in terms of reduced mean speed and low standard deviation. A comprehen-sive understanding of the effectiveness of the trigger speed of the VAS on driver behaviour was established by systematically collecting data. Specif-ically, data on time of day, speed, length and direction of the vehicle have been collected for the purpose, using Doppler radar installed at the road. A data driven calibration method for the radar used in the experiment has also been developed and evaluated. Results indicate that trigger speed of the VAS had variable effect on driv-ers’ speed at different sites and at different times of the day. It is evident that the optimal trigger speed should be set near the 85th percentile speed, to be able to lower the standard deviation. In the case of battery and solar powered VAS, trigger speeds between the 50th and 85th per-centile offered the best compromise between safety and power consump-tion. Results also indicate that different classes of vehicles report differ-ences in mean speed and standard deviation; on a highway, the mean speed of cars differs slightly from the mean speed of trucks, whereas a significant difference was observed between the classes of vehicles on lo-cal roads. A differential trigger speed was therefore investigated for the sake of completion. A data driven approach using Random forest was found to be appropriate in predicting trigger speeds respective to types of vehicles and traffic conditions. The fact that the predicted trigger speed was found to be consistently around the 85th percentile speed justifies the choice of the automatic model.

La théorie de la QCD (Quantum ChromoDynamics) prédit l’existence d’une nouvelle phase de la matière nucléaire à très haute température. Cette phase, caractérisée par un déconfinement des quarks au sein des hadrons, est appelée QGP (Quark Gluon Plasma). Le spectromètre à muons de l’expérience ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) a pour but d’étudier les propriétés du QGP aux densités d’énergie extrêmes atteintes dans les collisions d’ions lourds au LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Le système de déclenchement du spectromètre à muons, appelé MUON TRG est, pour une large part, sous la responsabilité du groupe ALICE de Clermont-Ferrand. Il se compose de quatre plans de détecteurs RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) d’une superficie totale de 140 m2, de 21k voies de lecture et d’une électronique de décision rapide. Il a été conçu afin de reconstruire ”en ligne” des traces (muons), dans un environnement présentant un important bruit de fond. Une décision de trigger, pour les ”single muons” et les ”dimuons”, est délivrée toutes les 25 ns (40 MHz) avec un temps de latence relatif à l’interaction proche de 800 ns. Les performances, en particulier celles liées à la décision de trigger, obtenues avec des outils de test dédiés, les évènements cosmiques, les premiers faisceaux d’injection dans le LHC ainsi que les premières collisions proton-proton à √s = 900 GeV seront présentés. / The QCD theory (Quantum ChromoDynamics) predicts the presence of a new phase of the nuclear matter at very high temperature. This phase, characterized by a deconfinement of quarks within hadrons, is called QGP (Quark Gluon Plasma). The muon spectrometer of the ALICE experiment (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) aims at investigating the propertiesof the QGP at the extreme energy density reached in heavy ion collisions at LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The trigger system of the Muon Spectrometer, called MUON TRG mainly come under the responsability of the Clermont-Ferrand ALICE team. It consists of four planes of RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) detectors with a total area of 140 m2 , 21k front-end channels and fast-decision electronics. It is designed to reconstruct (muon) tracks online, in a large background environment. A fast trigger decision, for both single-muons and dimuons, is delivered each 25 ns (40 MHz) with a latency with respect to the interaction of about 800 ns. The performances, especially the ones related to trigger decision, obtained with dedicated test tools, cosmic rays, first LHC injection beams and first proton-proton collisions at √s = 900 GeV will be presented.

Les PTM sont une source de douleur régionale et de dysfonctionnements neuromusculaires. Ils sont couramment associés à une hyperalgésie, à des troubles comportementaux et des restrictionsfonctionnelles. La douleur est bien documentée dans la littérature scientifique mais les études de ses conséquences sur le mouvement reposent exclusivement sur l’analyse de gestes simples. L’objectif dece travail est d’étudier la douleur myofasciale du membre supérieur et de vérifier si une technique de thérapie manuelle influençant cette douleur permet de rétablir la performance motrice d’un mouvement fonctionnel. Quatre études ont été réalisées afin d’analyser : 1) la performance motrice d’un mouvement elliptique dans le plan horizontal ; 2) dans le plan frontal et d’une tâche de tapement ; 3) la douleur sur le membre supérieur non atteint chez des sujets ayant subi un AVC ; 4) l’incidence de la douleur chez le personnel soignant d’un centre hospitalier. Les résultats indiquent que la présence de PTM produit la douleur myofasciale et : 1) n’influence pas significativement la performance motrice d’un mouvement elliptique horizontal ; 2) altère la performance motrice d’un mouvement elliptique frontal et d’une tâche de tapement chez les sujets présentant des PTM ; 3) modifie aussi la fonction motrice de l’extrémité supérieure ipsilatérale à la lésion ; 4) touche 8,43% du personnel soignant, étant bilatérale et pouvant conduire à des arrêts maladie dans 14,28 % des cas. L’application d’une technique de compression ischémique locale permet de retrouver la quasi-totalité de la fonction motrice. Il semblerait qu’une reprogrammation du mouvement s’avère nécessaire pour récupérer totalement la fonction motrice. / Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) are source of regional pain and neuromuscular dysfunctions. They are associated to hyperalgesia, psychological disturbances and functional restrictions. Despite myofascial pain has been extensively studied, researches about its influence have only analyzed uniarticular motions. The mains goals of this research were to study the upper limb myofascial pain and to verify whether the application of manual therapy, influencing this pain, could contribute to the motor performance recovery of multiarticular motion. Four studies were carried out in order to analyze: 1) motor performance of an elliptic motion in the horizontal plane, 2) motor performance of an elliptic motion in the frontal plane including an analysis of a tapping task, 3) non-paretic upper limb pain of the stroke patients, 4) myofascial pain incidence at the medical staff in a hospital. The results showed that the presence of TrPs produces myofascial pain. This pain: 1) does not influence significantly the horizontal elliptical motions motor performance, 2) deteriorates the frontal elliptical motions motor performance and the execution of the tapping task, 3) modifies the non-paretic upper limb motor function of the stroke patients, and 4) 8,43 % of medical staff suffers from bilateral myofascial pain, leading to absence at workplace in 14,28% of the cases. The application of local ischemic compression technique allows high recovery of the upper limb motor function. Motor reprogramming therapies could contribute to recover the motor function completely.

Thesis title: Stimulation of the zones used during reflex lokomotion by the TENS Name: Markéta Vodňanská The aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis is to determine, whether is activated the appropriate locomotor pattern during Vojta reflex locomotion - reflexive crawling, when TENS is used for a stimulation of trigger zones, as it is during manual stimulation of trigger zones for reflexive crawling. Method: The essence of this study is the stimulation of trigger zones used in the reflex locomotion manually and by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at a frequency of 30 Hz and 182 Hz. Six probands participated in this experiment. During the manual and TENS stimulation was scanned electrical activity in selected muscles by surface electromyography. First, it was evaluated the order of activation of selected muscles, using "standard timing" analysis by MyoResearch XP Master program. Second, it was evaluated the crawling reflex locomotion pattern visually. Results: It was confirmed, that the crawling reflex locomotion pattern, which is provoked by manual stimulation of trigger zones, is provoked by TENS stimulation as well, using the same trigger zones. It follows that the vector of direction and pressure during manual stimulation of trigger zones is not necessary for recall of the...

Thesis title: The use of therapeutic currents in reflex locomotion Name: Jitka Rotterová The aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis is to determine, whether the appropriate locomotor pattern is activated during Vojta reflex locomotion - reflexive crawling, when Russian stimulation is used for a stimulation of trigger zones, as it is during manual stimulation of these trigger zones, and if the electrical potential will spread to the distant locations of the body. Method: Pilot study of experimentally descriptive character. The essence of this study is the stimulation, of heel zone and zone on medial epicondyle of the femur used in the reflex locomotion manually and by electrical current. Four probands participated in this experiment. During the manual and electrical stimulation activity in selected muscles was scanned by surface electromyography. First, order of activation of selected muscles was evaluated using "standard timing" analysis by MyoResearch XP Master program. Second, the frequency spectrum was evaluated in the same program. Results: The experiment shows that the stimulation of trigger zones of Vojta reflex locomotion by stimulating with Russian current can evoke motor response that corresponds to the locomotor pattern of reflexive crawling. Timing of activity of the muscles monitored...

This qualitative study employing ethnomethodology investigated whether previously employed African women between 50-59 years, termed near-old, turned to learning as a coping strategy after losing their jobs. Reflexive discussions, termed ‘herstories,’ were analysed. Whether the women experienced true crisis as a result of cessation from work, how they made meaning as they aged and to what extent retirement was a catalyst for learning formed the central lines of probing. The findings revealed that the near-old women did not consider the transition to old age a crisis. Crises in their experiences were more permanent and emotionally devastating. Meaning schemes and perspectives were transformed as they encountered unbearable work situations. Critical reflection on the situation led to action resulting in them exiting formal employment. There was strong evidence of self-directed and life-long learning. The women sought out new knowledge and skills in order to cope in the competitive work of consultancy. Instances of positive adult development attested to Mezirow’s theory of transformative learning and Brookfield’s reflective thinking. The study highlighted the need to use adult education strategies in order to promote critical reflection and to ‘conscientise’ older people about their deeply embedded beliefs that are often entrenched by their socialisation.

Fatores exógenos, como fotoperíodo, temperatura da superfície do mar e abundância de presas, e endógenos, como os ciclos circadianos e circanuais e alterações metabólicas são conhecidos como iniciadores dos movimentos migratórios. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer os principais parâmetros iniciadores da migração das baleias-jubarte. Foram analisados o fotoperíodo, índice de oscilação do oceano austral (SOI), temperatura da superfície do mar, concentração de clorofila-a e densidade de krill em relação ao número máximo de indivíduos avistados e o dia do pico de avistagem. O fotoperíodo mostrou ser o principal fator que influencia a migração da Antártica em direção a Abrolhos, enquanto que o caminho contrário, além de fotoperíodo, parece ser influenciado também pelo os fatores tais como temperatura da superfície do mar e a quantidade de presas disponíveis no verão anterior. Quanto maior a densidade de krill, maior o número máximo de indivíduos avistados e a temporada reprodutiva mais longa. O SOI mostrou ter influência no ciclo reprodutivo do krill. Valores negativos registraram maior densidade de krill e valores positivos, menor densidade de krill, através do modelo GLM. Altos valores de TSM apresentaram correlação negativa com a densidade de krill, e com o número de baleias avistadas e o tempo de permanência na área reprodutiva, indicando que o aquecimento da região antártica impõe condições não favoráveis para a temporada reprodutiva das baleias. / Exogenous factors, such as photoperiod, sea surface temperature and abundance of prey, and endogenous, such circadian and circannual cycles and metabolic changes are known as initiators of migratory movements. This work aims to establish the main parameters initiators of the migration of the humpback whales. The photoperiod, the Southern Ocean Index (SOI), the sea surface temperature, the chlorophyll-a concentration and the density of krill were analyzed in relation to the maximum number of individuals sighted and the duration of the reproductive season. The photoperiod showed to be the main factor that influences the migration from Antarctica to Abrolhos, while the opposite way, besides photoperiod, seemed to be influenced also by other factors such as sea surface temperature and the amount of prey available in the previous summer. The higher the density of krill, the greater the maximum number of individuals sighted and the longer the reproductive season. The SOI showed to have influence on the reproductive cycle of krill. Negative values correspond to higher density of krill, and positive values, lower density of krill, through the GLM model. High values of TSM presented negative correlation with the density of krill, and with the number of whales sighted and the reproductive season duration in the reproductive area, indicating that the Antartic warming impose unfavorable conditions for the reproductive season of whales.

Fatores exógenos, como fotoperíodo, temperatura da superfície do mar e abundância de presas, e endógenos, como os ciclos circadianos e circanuais e alterações metabólicas são conhecidos como iniciadores dos movimentos migratórios. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer os principais parâmetros iniciadores da migração das baleias-jubarte. Foram analisados o fotoperíodo, índice de oscilação do oceano austral (SOI), temperatura da superfície do mar, concentração de clorofila-a e densidade de krill em relação ao número máximo de indivíduos avistados e o dia do pico de avistagem. O fotoperíodo mostrou ser o principal fator que influencia a migração da Antártica em direção a Abrolhos, enquanto que o caminho contrário, além de fotoperíodo, parece ser influenciado também pelo os fatores tais como temperatura da superfície do mar e a quantidade de presas disponíveis no verão anterior. Quanto maior a densidade de krill, maior o número máximo de indivíduos avistados e a temporada reprodutiva mais longa. O SOI mostrou ter influência no ciclo reprodutivo do krill. Valores negativos registraram maior densidade de krill e valores positivos, menor densidade de krill, através do modelo GLM. Altos valores de TSM apresentaram correlação negativa com a densidade de krill, e com o número de baleias avistadas e o tempo de permanência na área reprodutiva, indicando que o aquecimento da região antártica impõe condições não favoráveis para a temporada reprodutiva das baleias. / Exogenous factors, such as photoperiod, sea surface temperature and abundance of prey, and endogenous, such circadian and circannual cycles and metabolic changes are known as initiators of migratory movements. This work aims to establish the main parameters initiators of the migration of the humpback whales. The photoperiod, the Southern Ocean Index (SOI), the sea surface temperature, the chlorophyll-a concentration and the density of krill were analyzed in relation to the maximum number of individuals sighted and the duration of the reproductive season. The photoperiod showed to be the main factor that influences the migration from Antarctica to Abrolhos, while the opposite way, besides photoperiod, seemed to be influenced also by other factors such as sea surface temperature and the amount of prey available in the previous summer. The higher the density of krill, the greater the maximum number of individuals sighted and the longer the reproductive season. The SOI showed to have influence on the reproductive cycle of krill. Negative values correspond to higher density of krill, and positive values, lower density of krill, through the GLM model. High values of TSM presented negative correlation with the density of krill, and with the number of whales sighted and the reproductive season duration in the reproductive area, indicating that the Antartic warming impose unfavorable conditions for the reproductive season of whales.