Diplomová práce Hodnocení krátkodobého efektu aplikace rázové vlny na MTrP Abstract This thesis concerns the application of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy into muscular trigger points. It's location is derived from the descending part of trapezius muscle on the side of the dominant upper extremity. The performance analysis is based on using partially double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. The effects of the therapy were investigated in 28 subjects divided into experimental and control groups and objectively manifested by measuring the pressure pain threshold. Furthermore, the measuring of the active range of motion of the cervical spine, and the measuring of the maximal voluntary wrist and third finger flexion (measured before and after the therapy). After the therapy, the pressure pain threshold value of the trigger point located in trapezius muscle increased on average from 199 to 295 kPa (p = 0,025). The cervical spine lateral flexion increased on average by 3 degrees towards to the side of non-dominant upper extremity (p = 0,045). This study also investigates the pressure pain threshold value changes of 7 reference points placed remotely from the area of the application. After the shockwave therapy, the pressure pain threshold values of these reference points increased on...

Cette thèse aborde le problème de classification en apprentissage statistique sous un angle nouveau en rajoutant une dimension séquentielle au processus de classification. En particulier, nous nous intéressons au cas de l'apprentissage à contraintes de budget (ou apprentissage budgété) où l'objectif est de concevoir un classifieur qui, tout en apportant des prédictions correctes, doit gérer un budget computationnel, consommé au fur et à mesure que les différents attributs sont acquis ou évalués. Les attributs peuvent avoir des coûts d'acquisition différents et il arrive souvent que les attributs les plus discriminatifs soient les plus coûteux. Le diagnostic médical et le classement de pages web sont des exemples typiques d'applications de l'apprentissage budgété. Pour le premier, l'objectif est de limiter le nombre de tests médicaux que le patient doit endurer et, pour le second, le classement doit se faire dans un temps assez court pour ne pas faire fuir l'usager. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à des contraintes de budget atypiques, que la conception de trigger nous a motivés à investiguer. Les triggers sont un type de classifieurs rapides, temps-réel et sensibles aux coûts qui ont pour objectif de filtrer les données massives que les accélérateurs de particules produisent et d'en retenir les événements les plus susceptibles de contenir le phénomène étudié, afin d'être enregistrés pour des analyses ultérieures. La conception de trigger impose des contraintes computationnelles strictes lors de la classification mais, surtout, exhibe des schémas complexes de calcul du coût de chaque attributs. Certains attributs sont dépendants d'autres attributs et nécessitent de calculer ces derniers en amont, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter le coût de la classification. De plus, le coût des attributs peut directement dépendre de leur valeur concrète. On retrouve ce cas de figure lorsque les extracteurs d'attributs améliorent la qualité de leur sortie avec le temps mais peuvent toujours apporter des résultats préliminaires. Enfin, les observations sont regroupées en sacs et, au sein du même sac, certaines observations partagent le calcul d'un sous-ensemble d'attributs. Toutes ces contraintes nous ont amenés à formaliser la classification sous un angle séquentiel.Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un nouveau cadriciel pour la classification rapide en convertissant le problème initial de classification en un problème de prise décision. Cette reformulation permet d'un part d'aborder la séquentialité de manière explicite, ce qui a pour avantage de pouvoir aisément incorporer les différentes contraintes que l'on retrouve dans les applications réelles, mais aussi d'avoir à disposition toute une palette d'algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement pour résoudre le nouveau problème. Dans une seconde partie, nous appliquons notre modèle de classification séquentielle à un problème concret d'apprentissage à contraintes de budget et démontrant les bénéfices de notre approche sur des données simulées (à partir de distributions simplifiées) de l'expérience LHCb (CERN). / Classification in machine learning has been extensively studied during the pastdecades. Many solutions have been proposed to output accurate classifiers and toobtain statistical grantees on the unseen observations. However, when machinelearning algorithms meet concrete industrial or scientific applications, new computationalcriteria appear to be as important to satisfy as those of classificationaccuracy. In particular, when the output classifier must comply with a computationalbudget needed to obtain the features that are evaluated at test time, wetalk about “budgeted” learning. The features can have different acquisition costsand, often, the most discriminative features are the costlier. Medical diagnosis andweb-page ranking, for instance, are typical applications of budgeted learning. Inthe former, the goal is to limit the number of medical tests evaluate for patients,and in the latter, the ranker has limited time to order documents before the usergoes away.This thesis introduces a new way of tackling classification in general and budgetedlearning problems in particular, through a novel framework lying in theintersection of supervised learning and decision theory. We cast the classificationproblem as a sequential decision making procedure and show that this frameworkyields fast and accurate classifiers. Unlike classical classification algorithms thatoutput a “one-shot” answer, we show that considering the classification as a seriesof small steps wherein the information is gathered sequentially also providesa flexible framework that allows to accommodate different types of budget constraintsin a “natural” way. In particular, we apply our method to a novel type ofbudgeted learning problems motivated by particle physics experiments. The particularityof this problem lies in atypical budget constraints and complex cost calculationschemata where the calculation of the different features depends on manyfactors. We also review similar sequential approaches that have recently known aparticular interest and provide a global perspective on this new paradigm.

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Alerting signals often serve to reduce temporal uncertainty by predicting the time of stimulus onset. The resulting response time benefits have often been explained by facilitated translation of stimulus codes into response codes on the basis of established stimulus-response (S-R) links. In paradigms of masked S-R priming alerting signals also modulate response activation processes triggered by subliminally presented prime stimuli. In the present study we tested whether facilitation of visuo-motor translation processes due to alerting signals critically depends on established S-R links. Alerting signals resulted in significantly enhanced masked priming effects for masked prime stimuli that included and that did not include established S-R links (i.e., target vs. novel primes). Yet, the alerting-priming interaction was more pronounced for target than for novel primes. These results suggest that effects of alerting signals on masked priming are especially evident when S-R links between prime and target exist. At the same time, an alerting-priming interaction also for novel primes suggests that alerting signals also facilitate stimulus-response translation processes when masked prime stimuli provide action-trigger conditions in terms of programmed S-R links.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-05-23T14:51:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7468223 bytes, checksum: d6989870b5f353c5592a40ac6ebb0333 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7468223 bytes, checksum: d6989870b5f353c5592a40ac6ebb0333 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-07 / For many years the power transmission and movement for gears has been an important technology in the automotive, mechanical and aeronautical industries, justifying the considerable number of research carried out under the quality control of these components. Nowadays, involute profile inspections of cylindrical gears have been carried out using CNC Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) with rotary tables and dedicated measurement software, equipped with contact scanning sensors, Touch Trigger Probes – TTP or non-contact, Laser. However, many companies that manufacture and inspect gears use manual CMMs with point to point sensors, thus being unable to issue the profile deviation report. In respect, the motivation for this research is to develop and validate inspection strategies for determining the Total Profile Deviation (Fα) of spur gears, according to ISO 1328, using of a mathematical tool NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) and CMMs manual. Strategies for changing the NURBS weight parameter wi also were applied to assist in inspection definition procedure, and this is one more degree of freedom. In the first moment, before the execution of experimental procedures, simulations were carried out on a computational system and showed satisfactory results. For the experimental tests, a manual CMM MICRO-HITE 3D model was used with point to point sensor. Simulations and experimental results showed that the NURBS technique contributes to manual CMM application using Touch Trigger Probes in measuring the spur gears involute profile. The experimental results showed the methodology efficacy. / Por muitos anos a transmissão de movimento e de potência por engrenagens tem sido uma tecnologia importante nas indústrias automotiva, mecânica e aeronáutica, justificando assim a considerável quantidade de pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do controle de qualidade destes componentes. Atualmente, inspeções dos perfis evolventes de engrenagens cilíndricas vêm sendo realizadas utilizando Máquinas de Medição por Coordenadas (MMCs) CNC com mesas rotativas e softwares de medição dedicados, equipadas com sensores por contato de escaneamento, do tipo Touch Trigger Probe – TTP, ou sem contato, Laser. Porém, muitas empresas que fabricam e inspecionam engrenagens utilizam MMCs manuais com sensores do tipo ponto a ponto, ficando assim impossibilitadas de emitir o relatório de desvio de perfil. Neste sentido, a motivação para esta pesquisa é desenvolver e validar estratégias de inspeção para determinação do Desvio Total de Perfil (Fα) de engrenagens cilíndrica de dentes retos, segundo a norma ISO 1328, fazendo o uso da ferramenta matemática NURBS (Non – Uniform Rational B-Splines) e de MMCs manuais. Estratégias para alteração do parâmetro peso wi das NURBS também serão aplicadas para auxiliar na definição do procedimento de inspeção, sendo este um grau de liberdade a mais do modelo. No primeiro momento, antes da execução dos procedimentos experimentais, simulações foram realizadas em um sistema computacional, e apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Para os testes experimentais foi utilizada uma MMC manual modelo MICRO-HITE 3D, com sensor do tipo ponto a ponto. Resultados de simulações e experimentais mostraram que a técnica NURBS contribui para aplicação de MMC manual usando sensor Touch Trigger na medição do perfil evolvente de engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram a eficácia da metodologia desenvolvida.

Submitted by LUCAS ARRUDA RAMALHO null (lucasarrudaramalho@gmail.com) on 2018-03-14T22:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramalho_Tese_2018.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-03-15T14:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ramalho_la_dr_ilha.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ramalho_la_dr_ilha.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A evolução dos Multi Gigabit Transceivers (MGT) nos Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) trouxeram oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de aquisição e formatadores de dados em diversas áreas. As novas famílias de FPGAs são capazes de lidar com canais de transmissão com velocidade da ordem de Gbps que utilizam protocolos seriais de alta velocidade, podendo assim se tornar o futuro dos processadores downstream ou upstream. Os sistemas digitais criados para esse propósito, precisam ser confiáveis e síncronos entre dezenas de canais e placas. Como forma de permitir o teste de projetos com essa taxa massiva de bits, essa tese descreve o desenvolvimento do Data Sourcing System (DSS). Esse sistema deve ser capaz de testar qualquer application upstream ou downstream, permitir controle e acesso remoto aos sinais internos dos FPGAs, medir sincronismo e latência entre MGTs e avaliar integridade de links através de bit error rate (BER). Este trabalho faz parte de uma colaboração internacional liderada pelo Fermilab que propôs, com a contribuição do sistema descrito nesta tese, um sistema de trigger de nível 1 para o Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Outer Tracker. O dectetor CMS é um experimento vinculado ao European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). O DSS foi implementado sobre a placa Pulsar 2b, uma placa padrão Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA), desenvolvida pelo Fermilab, que conta com um dispositivo FPGA para programação e costumização de aplicações. O setup de hardware utilizado foi construído sobre dois bastidores ATCA com 12 placas Pulsares 2b em cada. A taxa de dados máxima atingida foi de 3.84 Tbps entre os dois bastidores ATCAs. O DSS está operacional e foi utilizado para emular o fluxo de dados de saída do CMS Silicon Outer Tracker, e auxiliar na demonstração da proposta trigger de nível 1. Esta tese descreve essa demonstração como estudo de caso, que testa o formatador de dados do trigger (downstream) através do DSS e- mulando a saída de dados do detector. Nesse estudo de caso, tanto o DSS e o trigger proposto foram implementados utilizando o mesmo hardware ATCA e a Pulsar 2b. O foco do estudo de caso é descrever a comunicação entre o Data Sourcing shelf e o Pattern Recognition shelf. O DSS atendeu aos requisitos da demonstração provendo uma interface de usuário que permite aos desenvolvedores de trigger inserir sinais de controle e executar operações de leitura e escrita de forma remota nos FPGAs. / The evolution of Fiel Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Multi Gigabit Transceivers (MGT) brought opportunities for data formatter and data acquisition projects in several areas. The newer FPGA families are capable of handling Gigabits per second (Gbps) I/Os implemented using high speed serial link protocols and to become the future downstream processors. The digital systems created for that purpose need to be reliable and synchronous between dozens of channels and boards. To allow the test of such massive bitrate projects, this work implemented the Data Sourcing System (DSS) e- mulator that is able to produce synchronized data in 12 boards, 480 channels, delivering up to 8 Gbps for each of them. This work is part of a international collaboration, led by Fermilab, that proposed with the contribuition of the system described in this thesis, a Level 1 (L1) tri- gger for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Outer Tracker. The CMS detector is an European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) experiment. The DSS is based on the Pulsar 2b, a custom Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard FPGA-based board designed by Fermilab to be a scalable high speed link processor system. This hardware setup was implemented at Fermilab using two interconnected ATCA shelves with 12 Pulsar 2b on both. The results show that the system is able to provide data at 3.8 Terabits per second (Tbps), and to measure synchronization, latency and bit error rate of the MGTs. The system is operational and was already used to emulate the CMS Silicon Tracker data, and helped the demonstration of a L1 Trigger approach. This thesis describes the demonstration performed as case of study, which used the DSS as upstream system and tested the trigger data delivery as a downstream. In the case of study, both DSS and the proposed trigger are performed by the same ATCA hardware and the Pulsar 2b. The case of study focused to describe the communication between the Data Sourcing shelf and the Pattern Recognition shelf. Data Sourcing reached those requirements for the demonstration and provided a user interface that allows the trigger developers to insert control signals or to perform W/R operations inside Pulsar 2b FPGA block memories.

Social networking sites and their functions are in constant change and with every new innovation different user behaviors are encouraged or prevented. Persuasive design is one way of designing a system to encourage a certain behavior. In this study we conducted four surveys of Sweden’s four most popular Social networking sites and how they are used. We followed up with ten interviews to gain understanding of why the users use these sites in a certain way. We identified four different target behaviors on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn with help from the results we gathered from our surveys and our interviews. We then used a behavior model for persuasive design (FBM) to identify the different factors of the model in Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn’s design. The three factors of the behavior model are: motivation, ability and triggers. To gain further understanding of how Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn motivates, allows and triggers users to perform target behaviors we analyzed our findings using theories from research already done on persuasive design. We found that persuasive design was a powerful tool when it comes to making users perform a certain target behavior. Where the target behavior was not being performed we identified where the design did not correspond with the behavior model. Our goal was to expand on the behavior model by providing it with real world examples. By doing so we hope to help designers gain further understanding about how persuasive design works and how to put it into practice.

I takt med att världens befolkning åldras ökar också gruppen av äldre användare. För denna användargrupp är ensamhet ett samhälleligt problem som riskerar att förvärras i och med ökande digitalisering. Ensamhet har identifierats som en orsak till flera psykiska och fysiska hälsoproblem. Åtgärder för att minska ensamhet bör fokusera på att stärka användares redan existerande sociala kopplingar; ett sätt att stärka den sociala sammankopplingen för äldre användare är genom hågkomst och berättande i ett intergenerationellt perspektiv. Denna studie undersöker just hur ett digitalt verktyg skulle kunna utformas i syfte att stimulera äldre till intergenerationellt berättande. För detta ändamål skapades en prototyp (“Minnesvandring”) av en möjlig mobilapplikation för intergenerationellt berättande. Denna prototyp undersöktes sedan med hjälp av fyra respondenter (74 - 92 år) i en kvalitativ ansats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet analyserades sedan med den Stegvis-deduktiva induktiva metoden. Undersökningens viktigaste slutsatser är: minnesberättande är en process; triggers bör utformas med tanke på både de yngre och de äldre; trygghet och kontroll är viktiga; att få respons är motiverande för de äldre. Dessa slutsatser kan tjäna som hjälpmedel för en designer vid design av en tjänst avsedd att stödja äldre i deras minnesberättande. / The world's population is ageing and the number of elderly technology users increases. For this user group loneliness has become a public health concern which is likely to continue growing along with the rising digitalisation. Worsened mental and physical health in elderly users has also been attributed to loneliness. Measures aiming to reduce loneliness should focus on strengthening users’ existing social bonds; one way to achieve this is through intergenerational storytelling and reminiscing. This paper evaluates how a digital artefact could be designed for intergenerational storytelling, with a focus on the elderly users’ engagement. To fulfil this research objective, we created a prototype of a mobile application for intergenerational storytelling. The prototype was tested together with four elderly (74 – 92 years) users in a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews. The stepwise deductive-inductive approach was used to analyse the empirical data.   The most important findings of this study indicate that: storytelling of memories is a process; triggers should be designed together with both the elderly users and their audience; security and control are important; receiving an answer is motivating to the elderly users.  These conclusions can be used as a guide for design of digital services that aim to support elderly users in their intergenerational storytelling.

The thesis deals with the effect of two methods of physical therapy on myofascial trigger point, in particular combined therapy (US + TENS) and ultra- electrostimulation. Furthermore, there is investigated whether the release of MTrP is reflected in values of pressure pain threshold in chained muscles and there is discussed the use of combined therapy as an objectification tool. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with general and latest knowledge about myofascial trigger points. There are discussed some possibilities of the therapy with emphasis on physical therapy and transcutaneous electroneurostimulation, which form the basis for combined therapy (CT) and ultra-electrostimulation. The research part evaluates the effect of combined therapy and ultra-electrostimulation on a group of 12 probands randomly divided into two subgroups. Values of pressure pain threshold sensitivity, visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and the minimum intensity of electric current necessary to induce muscle contraction (measured by combined therapy) are used for objectification. Ultra-electrostimulation has proven to be a more effective method in VAS values, but in summary, the results cannot be considered statistically significant. The effect of MTrP release (of the trapezius muscle) on the chained muscles could not...

DIABETESFOTEN HOS INNELIGGANDE STROKEPATIENTER: RISK, OMFATTNING, OCH OMVÅRDNADSÅTGÄRDERBAKGRUND: Fotkomplikationer är de allvarligaste komplikationerna till diabetes som ofta leder till kostnadskrävande behandlingar och amputation. Stroke resulterar i förlust eller begränsning av tidigare fysiska, psykiska och sociala aktiviteter, inklusive nedsatt förmåga att skydda sina fötter och utföra egenvård. Strokepatienter med diabetes har stor risk att skada sig i den förlamade sidan av kroppen. Nedsatt mobilitet är en riskfaktor som kan orsaka patienten skada. På vårdavdelning för strokedrabbade patienter kan sjuksköterskan genom god omvårdnad och preventiva åtgärder bidra till att risken för utveckling av skada på fötterna hos strokepatienter minskar.SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga omfattningen av diabetesfot på en neurologisk klinik samt granska omvårdnadsdokumentationen om preventionsåtgärder hos strokepatienter med diabetes avseende risken att utveckla fotsår.METOD: En retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie med kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Studien genomfördes på en neurologisk klinik på ett universitetssjukhus i södra Sverige. Samtliga journaler N=101 från strokepatienter med diabetes som vårdades på kliniken från 1 januari 2015 till den 20 december 2015 granskades med hjälp av Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Dataanalysen delades i två delar: deskriptiv statistisk analys och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys.RESULTAT: Medianåldern är 78 år (41-93 år). Kvinnor n=40, män n=61. Journalgranskningen visade generellt på bristande dokumentation. Riskbedömning för fotsår var inte dokumenterad i någon av journalerna. För patienter som hade dokumenterade fotsår (n= 3) var lokalisationen av fotsår på samma sida som patienten var förlamad. Dokumenterade preventions- och omvårdnadsåtgärder i sängen: (n=12) och i stolen: (n=0). Enligt IWGDF riskklassifikation identifierades (n =12) som har riskfaktorer för fotproblem och fotsår. Dokumentation av omvårdnadsprocessen följdes inte i journalerna.SLUTSATS: Patienterna har hög ålder, är multisjuka och förlamade helt eller på ena sidan av kroppen. Lokalisationen av fotsår på samma sida som patienten var förlamad. Brister i omvårdnadsdokumentation och preventionsarbete medför risk för patientens säkerhet. Studien ger mer kunskap när det gäller risk för utvecklandet av fotsår hos patienter med stroke och diabetes som vårdas på neurologisk klinik. Studien ger ett underlag för att utveckla klinikens kvalitetsarbete och försäkra patientsäkerhet genom att öka kunskap om diabeteskomplikationer och riktlinjer, omvårdnadsdokumentation enligt omvårdnadsprocessen, samt kritiskt tänkande av omvårdnad. Fler studier om fotsår hos strokepatienter rekommenderas. / THE DIABETIC FOOT IN HOSPITALIZED STROKE PATIENTS: RISK, PREVELANCE AND NURSING ACTIONS.BACKGROUND: Complications in the foot is the most serious one of the diabetes. Often, this leads to expensive treatments and amputation. Stroke results in loss or limitation of previous physiological, psychological and social activities and including a reduced ability to protect their feet and perform self-care. Stroke patients with diabetes have a high risk of injury in the paralyzed side of the body. Impaired mobility is a risk factor that can cause patient harm. On the nursing ward for stroke patients the nurse can through good nursing intervention and preventive actions contribute to the risk of developing damage to their feet in stroke patients decreases.AIM: The aim of the study is to explore the prevalence of diabetic foot at a neurological clinic and review the nursing documentation of preventions actions in stroke patients with diabetes with regard to the risk of developing foot ulcers.METHOD: A retrospective medical record review study with quantitative and qualitative approach. The study was conducted at a neurological clinic at a university hospital in southern Sweden. All the records (n = 101) of stroke patients with diabetes who were treated at the clinic from 1 January 2015 to 20 December 2015. The examination was conducted using Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Data analysis was divided into two parts: the descriptive statistical analysis and manifest content analysis.RESULTS: Median age is 78 years (41-93). Women (n = 40), men (n = 61). Journal review showed insufficient documentation. Risk assessment for foot ulcers was not documented in any of the journals. Patients with documented foot ulcer (n= 3), the localization of ulcers is on the same side as the patient is paralyzed. Prevention and nursing actions, (n = 12) documented action in bed, (n = 0) documented actions in the chair. According IWGDF risk classification (n =12) identified as having risk factors for foot problem and foot ulcer. Documentation of nursing process was not followed in the journals.SUMMARY: The patients had high age with multiple comorbidities and paralyzed in the whole or on one side of the body. The localization of foot ulcers is on the same side as the patient is paralyzed. Insufficiency in nursing documentation and prevention work result in risk to patient safety and impaired quality of care. The study provides more knowledge about the risk of the developing foot ulcer for patients with stroke and diabetes who treated in the neurological clinic. The study provide foundation to develop the clinic quality work and ensure patient safety through increasing knowledge to the clinic about diabetic complications and guidelines, nursing documentation in accordance with the nursing process and critical thinking of nursing. More studies of foot ulcers in stroke patients are recommended. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetes foot ulcers, documentation, Global Trigger Tool, journal examination, nursing, prevention,