Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-24T12:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Madureira Fontes.pdf: 94224761 bytes, checksum: 0d01cb5af73fd93f89f5bc68f2a6268b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T12:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Madureira Fontes.pdf: 94224761 bytes, checksum: 0d01cb5af73fd93f89f5bc68f2a6268b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-15 / The motivation for developing this thesis stems from the wish to find ways t o make the learning of computational concepts easier . The objective of this work is to contribute to the learning/teaching of computational concepts based on narrative learning and critical thinking approaches. In order to develop this objective , OCC-RDD narratives and instructional card games were chosen as instruments. A mechanism called puzzle triggers was conceptualized and integrated in these instruments, and thanks to the introduction of this concept, a very important distinction was made possible: the puzzles correspond to problem-solving oriented cognitive actions, which enable the interpreter to construct puzzles in their mind. As the puzzle triggers evoque puzzles, they are thought to engage the students in the learning context. Conceptualizing the mechanism of puzzle triggers to be integrated in the OCC-RDD narratives and in instructional card games follows a dynamic and constructivist approach based on critical thinking. Three questions were posed and discussed in this work: how can puzzle triggers be structured in OCC-RDD narratives and in card games so that the student develops the kind of logical thinking necessary to acquire computational concepts? How to arouse puzzles within the OCC-RDD scenes and in the process of creating intructional card games? Are there puzzle triggers which are more adequate to be integrated in certain types of OCC-RDD narrative scenes and in certain stages of instructional card games? In order to answer these questions, case studies involving the application of a proposal to teaching computacional concepts to students attending Engineering and Digital Course Games were made. In this teaching proposal, puzzle triggers and puzzles were introduced in OCC-RDD narratives and instructional card games. In order to develop these studies, a guideline for developing OCC-RD narratives and instructional card games was developed. As research hypotheses, the following were proposed: puzzle triggers evoque puzzles and these are essential for developing and structuring critical thinking as students learn a new concept. The introduction of puzzle triggers turned out to be successful, because they stimulated planning, pondering, and evaluating of intervening factors, as well as the process of making decisions and taking actions in order to solve problems. As they performed the activities evoked by the puzzle triggers, the students were able to evaluate the problems they faced from multiple points of view and in this way, they were able to develop critical thinking and reasoning, using strategies and realizing representations to solve problems / A motivação para o desenvolvimento desta tese decorre da intenção de fornecer subsídios para facilitar a aprendizagem de conceitos computacionais. O objetivo geral consiste em contribuir para o ensino-aprendizagem de conceitos computacionais a partir de uma abordagem fundamentada em aprendizagem narrativa e pensamento crítico. Para desenvolver esse objetivo, foram utilizados como instrumentos, narrativas OCC-RDD e jogos de cartas instrucionais e nesses integrado um mecanismo denominado gatilhos de desafios. Com a introdução desse conceito, uma distinção importante é formalizada: os desafios correspondem às ações cognitivas que se orientam para a resolução de problemas, enquanto os gatilhos de desafios concernem os estímulos que levam o solucionador a interpretá-los e construir em sua mente os desafios. Considera-se que os gatilhos de desafios, pela potencialidade em desencadear desafios, podem ser utilizados para engajar os estudantes no contexto de aprendizagem. A formalização do conceito de gatilhos de desafios como mecanismo a ser incorporado em roteirização de narrativas instrucionais e de jogos de cartas instrucionais contempla uma visão da aprendizagem como uma atividade dinâmica e construtivista alicerçada em pensamento crítico. Três questões são postuladas e discutidas: como os desafios podem ser estruturados em narrativas escritas com a técnica OCC-RDD ou em jogos de cartas para levar o estudante a desenvolver o raciocínio lógico necessário para a aquisição de conceitos de computação?; como suscitar os desafios dentro das cenas das narrativas OCC-RDD e dentro do processo de criação dos jogos de cartas?; há gatilhos de desafios que se adequam melhor a certos tipos de cenas de narrativas OCC-RDD e a certas etapas de jogos de cartas instrucionais?. Para respondê-las, foram desenvolvidos estudos de caso que envolveram aplicação de uma proposta de ensino de conceitos computacionais com o uso de gatilhos de desafios e desafios introduzidos em narrativas OCC-RDD e em jogos de cartas instrucionais para alunos dos cursos de Engenharia e de Jogos Digitais. Para desenvolver esses estudos, foi elaborado um roteiro para a criação e o desenvolvimento das narrativas OCC-RDD e dos jogos de cartas instrucionais. Como hipóteses de pesquisa, foram postuladas: os gatilhos de desafios desencadeiam desafios e estes são essenciais para o desenvolvimento e a estruturação do pensamento crítico dos estudantes ao aprenderem um novo conceito; os gatilhos de desafios conferem um aspecto de dinamicidade ao serem inseridos em narrativas e jogos de cartas. Os gatilhos de desafios mostraram-se eficazes, pois estimularam, pela criação do desafio, o planejamento, a reflexão, a avaliação de fatores intervenientes, a tomada de decisões e o agir para a solução dos problemas. Ao executarem as tarefas sugeridas pelos gatilhos de desafios, os estudantes realizaram uma confiável avaliação do problema a ser solucionado a partir de múltiplos pontos de vista e, dessa maneira, desenvolveram o pensamento crítico, ou seja, a capacidade de raciocinar, de empregar estratégias e de realizar representações para solucionar problemas

Esta dissertação caracteriza-se como memorial reflexivo de uma pesquisa empírica, que se enquadra no campo de estudos dos processos de criação cênica. A pesquisa se articula em torno da questão da imersão na cena contemporânea, aqui despertada pelo contato com obras que têm como denominador comum a relação intrínseca da cena e da tecnologia e, ao mesmo tempo, investem na experiência de inundamento sensorial de seus espectadores. A partir dessa perspectiva, investigo procedimentos que possam promover essa experiência teatral imersiva. Para isso, desenvolvo uma pesquisa em dois módulos. O primeiro, um estudo bibliográfico, que visa reconhecer tensões conceituais sobre a perspectiva da imersão. Neste reconheço os princípios de provocação do efeito imersão para serem aplicados no segundo módulo da pesquisa. O segundo módulo dedico à investigação empírica por meio do agenciamento de um experimento cênico conduzido pelos disparadores de imersão discriminados nos desdobramentos teóricos. Esses desvendados por articulação de dispositivos tecnológicos com elementos da linguagem teatral: tempo, espaço, presença, dimensão real e ficcional e manipulação dos sentidos. A partir dessa premissa, desenvolvi o experimento cênico “Insônia”. Disseco o processo de criação e, por consequência, problematizo as descobertas e soluções cênicas encontradas no caminho. / This dissertation distinguishes as a memorial of an empirical research, that belongs to the research field of theatrical creation processes. This research revolve around the notion of immersion in the contemporary scene. In this work is considered by recent contact with theater plays that makes uses of technology and bets in the experience of sensory flooding the spectators. From this perspective, i develop a research about the procedures that might produce this immersive theatrical experience. For achieving that I divide this work in two modules. The first module, a bibliographical study, that wishes to recognize conceptual tensions about the notion of immersion. Here I recognize the principles of provoking this immersion effect for then applying in the second module of the research. In the second module I devote to the empirical research by the means of arranging a theatrical experiment conducted by the immersion triggers found in the conceptual studies. These were discovered by linking technological devices and elements of theatre language: time, space, presence, real and fictional dimensions and sense manipulation. Having this as premise, I developed the theatrical experiment called “Insônia”. I analyze the creative processes and problematize the discoveries and scenic solutions found along the way.

O presente trabalho descreve um modelo para, a partir de Bancos de Dados Operacionais, projetar e implementar Bancos de Dados Analítico-Temporais, cujo principal objetivo é o de armazenar históricos de dados, os quais, por sua vez, visam servir de alicerce para, principalmente, auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisões de médio e longo prazo. O modelo é dividido em três atividades principais. Na primeira atividade o objetivo é mapear os Modelos de Dados Operacionais em um Modelo de Dados Unificado, sendo que este último modelo serve de base para a segunda atividade que é a geração do Modelo de Dados Analítico-Temporal. Para realizar essas duas primeiras atividades, foram elaborados alguns passos que englobam as principais características a serem verificadas e desenvolvidas. Na terceira atividade objetivou-se disponibilizar mecanismos que possibilitem a geração, o transporte e o armazenamento dos dados Analítico-Temporais. Para a realização dessa terceira atividade foram especificados gatilhos e procedimentos armazenados genéricos. / This work describes a model whose main objective is to store historic data, resulting in the Analytic-Temporal Databases. The origins of the data are the Operational Databases. This model can aid in the design and implementation of the Analytic-Temporal Databases that constitutes a very adequate foundation to help in the medium and long time decision taking process. The model is divided into three main activities. In the first activity the objective is to map the Operational Data Models into a Unified Data Model. This last model is the base for the second activity, which is the generation of the Analytical-Temporal Data Model. Considering these two activities, there were elaborated some steps, which encompass the main characteristics to be evaluated and developed. In the third activity the objective is to make available mechanisms, allowing the generation, the transport and the storage of the Analytical-Temporal data. For this third activity, there were specified generic triggers and stored procedures.

Despite an improved understanding of the disease, the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related morbidity continue to rise, particularly among minority and inner-city populations. Despite the growing epidemic of asthma, the surveillance of disease at the state or even local levels is very limited. Such information is very important to identify high-risk population groups and to design more effective community-based preventive interventions or risk management programs that may modify these trends. The study provided important information about spatial differences by the geographical area of residence and changes in asthma hospital admissions over time in the selected area. Environmental exposure to ambient air pollution by ambient particles, sulfur dioxide and ozone was a significant factor to explain the increase in asthma hospitalizations in simple regression analysis, but was not significant after the adjustment to area socioeconomic status characteristics. Sulfur dioxide was the only significant independent variable in a multiple adjusted regression model of hospitalizations for childhood asthma, however, more detailed environmental exposure assessment by calendar quarter suggested that ambient air pollution by sulfur dioxide is not significant variable in the multiple regression model. Future asthma prevention interventions and risk management programs should address population groups described by such socioeconomic status characteristics as poverty, unskilled workers, single parent families with children, families having no vehicle available, people living in less crowded households or socially excluded conditions without adequate family members or relatives support, and also people residing in houses heated by fuel. Developed complex area socioeconomic deprivation index was shown to be a significant predictor of hospital admissions for childhood and adult asthma by zip code area of residence. Predictive loglinear regression model for asthma hospitalizations was further validated by using standard statistical model validation techniques to estimate the accuracy of prediction with new independent dataset outside of our study area. Increase in complex area socioeconomic deprivation index by 1 extra unit could explain the increase by 7.9% in childhood and 7.5% in adult asthma hospitalization in 1997, 8.3% in childhood and 7.2% in adult asthma hospitalizations in 1998, and 7.7% in childhood and 6.7% in adult asthma hospitalizations in 1999 respectively. Predictive log-linear regression model could be successfully applied to develop more effective asthma prevention interventions and risk management programs and to address more sensitive population groups within specific high risk geographical areas.

Les recherches menées dans le cadre de mon doctorat concernent le domaine de la Traduction Automatique (TA), ou comment traduire d'une langue source vers une langue cible sans aucune intervention humaine. Mes travaux se sont plus particulièrement concentrés sur l'approche statistique de la TA qui consiste à utiliser différents modèles probabilistes appris sur des quantités importantes de corpus parallèles alignés afin de trouver la traduction la plus vraisemblable d'une phrase source. Deux problèmes étroitement liés à l'approche statistique de la TA sont abordés dans ce manuscrit : la collecte de corpus parallèles et l'estimation de modèles de traduction à partir de ces corpus. Un système de TA statistique extrait la connaissance dont il a besoin pour produire des traductions à partir de corpus parallèles dans lesquels chaque phrase source est associée à sa traduction dans la langue cible. De nombreux travaux utilisent comme corpus parallèle les actes du Parlement Européen disponibles gratuitement en différentes langues. De tels corpus ne sont pas adéquats pour la traduction de parole spontanée, c'est pourquoi j'ai décidé de construire des corpus parallèles à partir de sous-titres de films afin de construire un système de traduction plus réaliste. Les sous-titres sont des données complexes, ils ne peuvent constituer un corpus parallèle aligné dans leur état brut. Ils nécessitent une phase de pré-traitement et d'alignement. J'ai pour cela proposé une méthode originale basée sur la Programmation Dynamique qui aligne automatiquement les sous-titres. J'ai ainsi constitué une ressource importante et riche pour l'apprentissage des systèmes de TA statistique. La TA statistique repose sur l'utilisation de plusieurs modèles statistiques comme le modèle d'alignement, la table de traduction ou encore le modèle de distortion. La table de traduction est le modèle le plus indispensable à un système de TA statisque pour calculer la traduction la plus vraisemblable d'une phrase source. En effet, celle-ci donne les probabilités de traduction entre les couples de mots sources et cibles. Il existe différentes méthodes permettant l'estimation de ces tables de traduction. Elles ont habituellement recours à un alignement des mots obtenu automatiquement sur les corpus parallèles. Cette tâche d'alignement est une étape longue et fastidieuse qui fait appel à des algorithmes complexes. Le coeur de mon travail a été de repenser le problème et d'explorer de nouvelles pistes pour estimer les tables de traduction de mots et de séquences de mots, totalement différentes des méthodes état-de-l'art. J'ai proposé une approche originale basée sur le concept de triggers inter-langues qui ne nécessite aucun alignement des mots au sein des corpus parallèles. Les triggers inter-langues permettent de mettre en évidence des unités fortement corrélés en se basant sur l'Information Mutuelle. Dans notre cas les unités sont des séquences de mots sources et cibles. L'idée derrière ce concept est que si une séquence de mots sources est fortement corrélée à une séquence de mots cibles en termes d'IM, alors nous pouvons supposer que la présence de la première dans une phrase source déclenchera la présence de la seconde dans sa traduction et vice versa. J'ai proposé d'utiliser les triggers inter-langues sur les corpus parallèles dans le but de trouver les traductions possibles de séquences de mots et ainsi constituer une table de traduction. L'Information Mutuelle est une mesure de co-occurence qui se calcule simplement en un seul passage sur le corpus parallèle. Pour sélectionner les triggers interlangues, nous supposons que deux séquences sources et cibles co-occurent si elles apparaissent dans une même paire de phrases du corpus parallèle. De ce fait, ma méthode ne requiert qu'un alignement au niveau des phrases et non au niveau des mots au sein du corpus parallèle. L'utilisation des triggers inter-langues pour estimer une table de traduction rend mon approche moins complexe mais tout aussi efficace que les approches existantes. Dans un contexte de traduction mot-à-mot, la table de traduction obtenue grâce aux triggers inter-langues conduit à des traductions automatiques de meilleur qualité, en termes de score BLEU, que celles produites avec une table de traduction de mots estimée selon le modèle 3 d'IBM. Dans un contexte de traduction par groupe de mots, la table de traduction basée sur les triggers inter-langues amènent à des traductions automatiques dont le score BLEU est supérieur à 34 et proche de celui des traductions automatiques produites par une table de traduction de séquences estimées à partir de l'alignement des mots suivant les approches état-de-l'art. Mots-clés: Traduction Automatique Statistique, Triggers Inter-langues, Traduction Automatique à base de séquences

La supersymétrie, qui permet de combler certaines lacunes du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules (MS), est recherchée par la tentative d'observation du partenaire supersymétrique du quark bottom (sb). Cette recherche est effectuée avec des événements d'état final composé de deux jets de quarks b acoplanaires et d'énergie transverse manquante (MET) et issus d'un lot de 992 pb-1 de données collectées par le détecteur D0 auprès du TeVatron, le collisionneur ppbar de Fermilab. L'absence d'excès d'événements par rapport aux prévisions du MS conduit à exclure les masses de sb jusqu'à 201 GeV, et les masses de neutralino jusqu'à 94 GeV. De par le rôle essentiel que joue ici la MET, celle-ci a été étudiée sous deux aspects. Tout d'abord, au niveau du système de déclenchement qui sélectionne en ligne les événements, puis, via la simulation de l'impulsion transverse du boson Z, par le générateur ALPGEN, qui apparait comme de la MET si le Z se désintègre en neutrinos.

No description available.

Because of the inability to deal with traumatic and stressful situations it often happens that a person dissociates. These people then 'move out of the situation', so to speak. The dissociated person can be spiritually, emotionally and physically handicapped for life. In the long term it often results in depression, feelings of guilt, relationship problems, social maladjustment, as well as addiction to medication. Pastoral counselling to this person (as part of a multidisciplinary approach) often results in a decline of the symptoms and a normalisation of the person's situation. From the basis-theoretical research it became clear that throughout history God is present in a very prominent way in the life of the individual. Right from the very beginning at conception, until old age, He is intensely involved. God created man in His image but through sin this image was distorted. Because of His love for man, however, He fulfilled His promise of restoration and healing in and through Jesus Christ. It appears that knowledge regarding the phenomenon of dissociation dates back to as early as 400 BC. Research since the early 1990's onwards resulted in numerous publications, articles and books being written on the topic of dissociation. In thls study, emphasis was placed on a number of such relevant contributions. The specific characteristics of the dissociated person, practical guidelines for counselling hirnlher as proposed by psychology, as well as pastoral psychologists were discussed. It became evident that contributions and research in the field from a psychological perspective seem to be much more advanced compared to what has been done by theologians to date. For this reason it is imperative that pastoral counsellors become more acquainted with the theme of dissociation. With regard to methodology, the eclectic approach proved to be the best option. This will enable the pastoral counsellor in hidher guidance of the dissociated person to draw on the wealth and variety of contributions and perspectives fiom both the psychological and the theological domains. As a result of and flowing forth from the basis-theoretical and meta-theoretical perspectives, practice-theoretical guidelines were formulated according to which pastoral guidance can be provided to the dissociated person. Special emphasis was placed on a multidisciplinary approach where full recognition was given to the possible contributions by psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors and others. As part of the preparation for counselling the dissociated person, attention was given to the importance of prayer support. With regard to the counselling process itself, the following five phases appeared to be of significance: introductory prayers, consultation and discussion, prayer as part of the therapeutic process, the development of life skills, and spiritual growth after the therapeutic process. Because of the cultic and ritual abuse that some victims have been exposed to, it is possible that apart from fragmented sub-personalities, demonic influences may also be present. It is thus of extreme importance to distinguish between these two areas, and the counsellor must be well equipped with the necessary knowledge and experience to handle this complicated issue. From this study it became evident that there is a special need for pastoral guidance of the dissociated person by counsellors who are well acquainted with the complexities of this field. Scientific knowledge, together with a pastoral focus as well as total dependence upon the therapeutic power of the Holy Spirit, is indeed a 'winning recipe'. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Because of the inability to deal with traumatic and stressful situations it often happens that a person dissociates. These people then 'move out of the situation', so to speak. The dissociated person can be spiritually, emotionally and physically handicapped for life. In the long term it often results in depression, feelings of guilt, relationship problems, social maladjustment, as well as addiction to medication. Pastoral counselling to this person (as part of a multidisciplinary approach) often results in a decline of the symptoms and a normalisation of the person's situation. From the basis-theoretical research it became clear that throughout history God is present in a very prominent way in the life of the individual. Right from the very beginning at conception, until old age, He is intensely involved. God created man in His image but through sin this image was distorted. Because of His love for man, however, He fulfilled His promise of restoration and healing in and through Jesus Christ. It appears that knowledge regarding the phenomenon of dissociation dates back to as early as 400 BC. Research since the early 1990's onwards resulted in numerous publications, articles and books being written on the topic of dissociation. In thls study, emphasis was placed on a number of such relevant contributions. The specific characteristics of the dissociated person, practical guidelines for counselling hirnlher as proposed by psychology, as well as pastoral psychologists were discussed. It became evident that contributions and research in the field from a psychological perspective seem to be much more advanced compared to what has been done by theologians to date. For this reason it is imperative that pastoral counsellors become more acquainted with the theme of dissociation. With regard to methodology, the eclectic approach proved to be the best option. This will enable the pastoral counsellor in hidher guidance of the dissociated person to draw on the wealth and variety of contributions and perspectives fiom both the psychological and the theological domains. As a result of and flowing forth from the basis-theoretical and meta-theoretical perspectives, practice-theoretical guidelines were formulated according to which pastoral guidance can be provided to the dissociated person. Special emphasis was placed on a multidisciplinary approach where full recognition was given to the possible contributions by psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors and others. As part of the preparation for counselling the dissociated person, attention was given to the importance of prayer support. With regard to the counselling process itself, the following five phases appeared to be of significance: introductory prayers, consultation and discussion, prayer as part of the therapeutic process, the development of life skills, and spiritual growth after the therapeutic process. Because of the cultic and ritual abuse that some victims have been exposed to, it is possible that apart from fragmented sub-personalities, demonic influences may also be present. It is thus of extreme importance to distinguish between these two areas, and the counsellor must be well equipped with the necessary knowledge and experience to handle this complicated issue. From this study it became evident that there is a special need for pastoral guidance of the dissociated person by counsellors who are well acquainted with the complexities of this field. Scientific knowledge, together with a pastoral focus as well as total dependence upon the therapeutic power of the Holy Spirit, is indeed a 'winning recipe'. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Esta dissertação caracteriza-se como memorial reflexivo de uma pesquisa empírica, que se enquadra no campo de estudos dos processos de criação cênica. A pesquisa se articula em torno da questão da imersão na cena contemporânea, aqui despertada pelo contato com obras que têm como denominador comum a relação intrínseca da cena e da tecnologia e, ao mesmo tempo, investem na experiência de inundamento sensorial de seus espectadores. A partir dessa perspectiva, investigo procedimentos que possam promover essa experiência teatral imersiva. Para isso, desenvolvo uma pesquisa em dois módulos. O primeiro, um estudo bibliográfico, que visa reconhecer tensões conceituais sobre a perspectiva da imersão. Neste reconheço os princípios de provocação do efeito imersão para serem aplicados no segundo módulo da pesquisa. O segundo módulo dedico à investigação empírica por meio do agenciamento de um experimento cênico conduzido pelos disparadores de imersão discriminados nos desdobramentos teóricos. Esses desvendados por articulação de dispositivos tecnológicos com elementos da linguagem teatral: tempo, espaço, presença, dimensão real e ficcional e manipulação dos sentidos. A partir dessa premissa, desenvolvi o experimento cênico “Insônia”. Disseco o processo de criação e, por consequência, problematizo as descobertas e soluções cênicas encontradas no caminho. / This dissertation distinguishes as a memorial of an empirical research, that belongs to the research field of theatrical creation processes. This research revolve around the notion of immersion in the contemporary scene. In this work is considered by recent contact with theater plays that makes uses of technology and bets in the experience of sensory flooding the spectators. From this perspective, i develop a research about the procedures that might produce this immersive theatrical experience. For achieving that I divide this work in two modules. The first module, a bibliographical study, that wishes to recognize conceptual tensions about the notion of immersion. Here I recognize the principles of provoking this immersion effect for then applying in the second module of the research. In the second module I devote to the empirical research by the means of arranging a theatrical experiment conducted by the immersion triggers found in the conceptual studies. These were discovered by linking technological devices and elements of theatre language: time, space, presence, real and fictional dimensions and sense manipulation. Having this as premise, I developed the theatrical experiment called “Insônia”. I analyze the creative processes and problematize the discoveries and scenic solutions found along the way.