Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ap_dr_guara.pdf: 3551125 bytes, checksum: 3f75e8c0e99826910556f8cd772c1403 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho analisa a transformação da austenita retida induzida por deformação, em um aço AISI 4340 com estruturas multifásicas. O aço foi submetido a duas rotas de tratamentos isotérmicos selecionadas e foi analisado quanto à fração volumétrica das fases e características mecânicas através da valiação dos limites de escoamento. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a três diferentes níveis de tensões de tração, acima do limite de escoamento, para que se produzissem deformações plásticas determinadas. A influência destas deformações, na microestrutura e nos novos limites de escoamento, foram avaliadas. Mostrando variações significativas nas frações volumétricas das fases, com diminuição das quantidades de austenita, indicando uma transformação, por efeito TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity), em martensita o que provocou um aumento nos valores dos limites de escoamento e envelhecimento por deformação. / The Transformation induced plasticity of austenite on the multiphase microstructure in a AISI 4340 steel was studied. Two sequences of isothermal treatments were performed. The volume fractions of the phases were analyzed and evaluation of mechanical characteristics through the yield point measurements. The samples were submitted at three different levels of traction above of the yield strength, so that definitive plastic deformations were produced. The influence of these deformations in the microstructure and in the new yield strength was evaluated. Significant variations were showed in the phase volume fraction, with reduction of the amounts of austenite indicating a martensitic transformation, by effect TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) which results increases in the values of the yield strength and deformation ageing.

Les différents travaux de recherche menés dans le cadre de la présente thèse, ont pour objectifs de :(i) comprendre les mécanismes et phénomènes prenant part dans la plasticité des aciers en présence d’une transformation de phases diffusive ou martensitique. (ii) développer des outils de prédiction de TRIP capables d’une part de reproduire correctement cette déformation macroscopique pour des cas de chargements complexes et d’autre part de nous offrir des enseignements sur les interactions élasto-visco-plastiques locales entre phase naissante et phase parente. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles campagnes d'essais TRIP à chargements uni- et bi-axiaux constants ou variables ont été menées sur l'acier 35NCD16 pour une transformation austénitemartensite et l'acier 100C6 pour une transformation austénite-perlite. En complément, des essais de traction-compression et relaxation ont été réalisés pour caractériser les propriétés élastoviscoplastique ssur chacune des 2 phases de l’acier 100C6... / The objectives of this work are: (i) understand the mechanisms and phenomena involved in the plasticity of steels in the presence of a diffusive or martensitic phase transformation. (ii) develop tools for predicting TRIP, which are able to correctly reproduce the macroscopic deformation for cases of complex loading and could also provide information about local elasto-visco-plastic interactions between product and parent phases. To this purpose, new experimental tests are conducted on 35NCD16 steel for austenite tomartensite transformation and on 100C6 steel for austenite to pearlite transformation. The elasto viscoplasticproperties of austenite and pearlite of the 100C6 steel are characterized through tension compression and relaxation tests...

The subject of this thesis is twofold: (i) to contribute to the understanding of the phase transformations and mechanical properties of TRIP-assisted multiphase steels; (ii) to show to what extent a new TRIP-assisted multiphase steel with a reduced silicon content could meet the performance requirements for high-strength formable steels. It enlightens the correlations between Processing, Microstructure and Properties. Furthermore, the different investigations carried out in this thesis will aim at comparing what can be called a conventional high silicon TRIP-assisted multiphase steel with a newly proposed low silicon TRIP-assisted multiphase steel.

The subject of this thesis is twofold: (i) to contribute to the understanding of the phase transformations and mechanical properties of TRIP-assisted multiphase steels; (ii) to show to what extent a new TRIP-assisted multiphase steel with a reduced silicon content could meet the performance requirements for high-strength formable steels. It enlightens the correlations between Processing, Microstructure and Properties. Furthermore, the different investigations carried out in this thesis will aim at comparing what can be called a conventional high silicon TRIP-assisted multiphase steel with a newly proposed low silicon TRIP-assisted multiphase steel.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 108 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73).

Previous studies have shown that obesity negatively affects balance during quiet standing, yet little is known about its effect on the ability to recover after a postural perturbation. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of obesity on single-step balance recovery from an incipient forward fall. Eight obese (BMI = 33.2 ± 2.4) and eight non-obese (BMI = 24.8 ± 1.8) participants were released from a static forward lean and asked to recover their balance with a single step. Lean angle was progressively increased until they could no longer recover balance with a single step. Peak joint torques and relative effort during balance recovery were calculated and compared across the groups. Obese participants achieved a smaller maximum lean angle compared to non-obese participants. During balance recovery, obese participants exhibited higher ankle plantar flexor torques and relative effort. Trends also suggested higher relative hip extensor effort in the obese. Obese adults exhibited a poorer ability to recover from a forward fall with a single step. In addition, obese adults used a higher percentage of their total hip and ankle strength compared to non-obese adults during balance recovery. This suggests that the poorer ability of recovering from a forward fall in the obese may be related to increased exertion levels during balance recovery. / Master of Science

Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / Mitchell L. Neilsen / Smartphones have become an integral part of everyday life and a study conducted by Kantar World panel ComTech (11/2012 – 02/2013) showed sales of all Android phones outpaced the iPhone by a hefty margin: 52.1 percent to 43.5 percent. Moreover, Android is the OS for most of the mobiles like HTC, Google, Samsung, Sony, Motorola etc. As Steve Jobs said “It’s really hard to design products by focus groups. A lot of times, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them.” There are a lot of common people out there who travel often and book tickets on various websites; i.e., a person like me travels very often and books ticket on a website which provides for the cheapest price. Most of the time the destinations might match and they want to keep track of the websites the tickets are booked, track the dates travelled to a place, track the price and various other details as it gets difficult to remember all details. Moreover, it is hectic to browse through each and every website and check the previous travel. Similarly, if one travels on quite a number of trips via car, one might want to keep track of those details, too. Hence to track all of these, it would be very convenient if there was an application which can take in all details of personal trips so that you can refer back to them whenever you want to do so. MyTripPal is an Android application where a user can save past trips and future trips via flight or car and a user can enter in all details and save trips. For a future trip, users can be reminded via alarm on a date and time he chooses while entering the trip details in the application. Autofill option is given while entering the source and destination where these are prompted from the values that are entered earlier in previous trips. Google maps navigation option is given which provides the route from the source to the destination. The user can also search for the trips and there is an Upcoming Trips tab which lists all future trips via car or flight.

If one of the two poles will trip for some reasons in a regular bipolar HVDC transmission without a return conductor, it is necessary to block the other pole temporarily during the transition to a monopolar operation with metallic return, this procedure will take 1-2 seconds and will affect the connected AC networks by extra disturbances. The object of this survey has been to answer the question if it is possible to have a balanced bipolar transmission without a return conductor and during a trip of one pole control it as an HVDC transmission with series connected converters by adding the by-pass switches and the logic for a series connected HVDC converter system which means that a shutdown of the transferred power during the transition phases is not necessary. The survey has been performed with the software PSCAD where an already existing series connected converter circuit had been modified to a bipolar system and the control logic for the transition phases has been created. There were some problems with various control signals between the software HiDraw and PSCAD, this was solved by different methods and the result shows that it is possible to have a transition between bipolar operation and monopolar operation with metallic return without the need to totally shut down the power transfer completely. But this requires a large capacitor.

The goal of this thesis is to determine the relationship between the macroscopic stress and the macroscopic strain for a variety of complex multiphase materials exhibiting rate-independent non-linear response at the micro-scale, based on experimental data obtained both at the local and macroscopic scales. A micro-macro secant mean field model (SMF model) based on the result of Eshelby and the approach of Mori and Tanaka is developed to model the behaviour of three particular systems which we have worked out by ourselves: 1) a ferrite-martensite steel produced by rolling in which we quantify the plastic anisotropy due to the morphological texture in terms of the Lankford's coefficient and pseudo yield surface; 2) a composite made of two continuous and interpenetrating phases: an aluminium matrix reinforced by a preform of sintered Inconel601 fibres. We quantify the coupled effects of temperature and phases co-continuity on the phases and overall stresses; 3) a TRIP-aided multiphase steel, in which the dispersed metastable austenite phase transforms to martensite. We derive the relationship between the overall uniaxial elastoplastic response and the progress of phase transformation, itself influenced by the thermodynamical, microstructural and mechanical properties. The stress-state dependence of the martensitic transformation is enlightened and explained. We demonstrate the existence of thermomechanical treatments leading to optima of ductility and strength-ductility balance. Finally, we show that the formability of TRIP-aided multiphase steels depends on the stability criterion.

TRIP-assisted multiphase steels exhibit an excellent balance of strength and ductility, which makes them very attractive for the automotive industry. These remarkable mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the continuous transformation of retained austenite into martensite during straining (TRansformation Induced Plasticity). The aim of this thesis was to clarify the interaction between the hot rolling conditions, the formation of microstructure, and the resulting mechanical properties. Various rolling simulation techniques were employed to determine how the composite microstructure is formed during the various steps of multi-stage thermomechanical processing. The interaction between deformation and phase transformation is highlighted, particularly from the viewpoint of the transformation texture.