Identifying the drivers of Arctic climate variability is essential for understanding the recent rapid changes in local climate and determining the mechanisms that cause them. Remote tropical sea surface temperatures (SST) have been identified in previous studies as having contributed to the recent positive trends in surface temperature and geopotential height at 200 hPa over north Canada and Greenland (1979-2012) through poleward propagating Rossby waves. However, the source and direction of wave propagation on to north Canada and Greenland (NCG) differs across climate datasets indicating that there are still uncertainties surrounding the mechanisms for how the tropics influence the NCG climate. This thesis aims to further investigate the robustness of the trends over NCG and understand how circulation in this region responds to imposed tropical SST perturbations. The eddy 200 hPa geopotential height (Z200) trends over NCG are assessed in a number of different datasets and compared to the response of eddy Z200 over NCG to imposed tropical SST perturbations in a number of sensitivity studies using the HadGEM3 atmosphere-only model. These model experiments are forced with observed differences in SSTs from the beginning and end of the satellite record (1979-1988 and 2003-2012), with spatial perturbations for [i] the entire tropics, [ii] global SSTs, [iii] the tropical Pacific only, [iv] the tropical Atlantic SST only, [v] the tropical Indian Ocean only. The positive spatial trends of eddy Z200 over NCG from ERA-Interim reanalysis is largely captured in ensemble means of two available climate datasets, UPSCALE and AMIP, indicating that this is a robust climate pattern, however, these trends appear to be stronger in the latter part of the record specifically over the UPSCALE period (1985 to 2011). The model sensitivity studies show that a negative eddy Z200 anomaly over NCG was found in response to all imposed tropical SST perturbations (2003-2012) relative to a background state (1979-1988). This was due a stationary trough over the region that was able to intensify in response to a lack of a strong anomalous wave forcing from changes in mid-tropospheric temperature and zonal winds. The forcing from the tropical Atlantic, relative to the other tropical ocean basins, resulted in the largest eddy Z200 response over NCG, indicating its dominance in forcing the large scale tropical signal. The influence of extratropical SST perturbations relative to tropical SST perturbations were also investigated and it was demonstrated that this negative anomaly is largely driven by the change in tropical sea surface temperatures.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EnzioGSA_DISSERT.pdf: 2340735 bytes, checksum: 3e76cf2c6a9fa044f4fc67e9e62cdd17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / Tropicalia concerns the attempt of understanding of Brazil and a national identity characterized by the transience of time and space, rhizomatic action, perpetual laceration of cultural boundaries and at the same time act synchronously to instances such as policy and the social. A word created by artist H?lio Oiticica and registered by him on the National Register of Trademarks and Patents, was later used to a name the eponymous song by Caetano Veloso and also in this fertile cultural impulse at the turn of the sixties to the seventies on last century, who had the intention to make creating new spaces and simultaneously rethink the spatial cuts of Brazilian culture, encouraging them to be much more than a myth of a paradise within a lush new look of a tropical truth. / Tropic?lia diz respeito ? tentativa de compreens?o do Brasil e de uma identidade nacional caracterizada pela transitoriedade de tempos e espa?os, de a??o rizom?tica, de um perp?tuo esgar?amento de fronteiras culturais e que ao mesmo instante age de forma sincr?nica a inst?ncias como a da pol?tica e ao do social. A palavra criada pelo artista pl?stico H?lio Oiticica e por ele registrada no registro nacional de marcas e patentes a posteriori, foi usada para nomear a can??o hom?nima de Caetano Veloso e tamb?m a esse f?rtil impulso cultural na virada da d?cada de sessenta para os anos setenta, que teve a pretens?o de formular novos espa?os de cria??o e simultaneamente repensar os recortes espaciais da cultura brasileira, instigando-os a serem bem mais que um mito de um para?so verdejante dentro de uma nova mirada de uma verdade tropical.

[pt] Gilberto Freyre é um dos principais autores do pensamento social brasileiro.Com a primeira fase de sua obra, (até) os anos 1930, ele inaugura uma nova maneira de se pensar a mestiçagem e a questão racial no Brasil. Sua extensa produção intelectual é a continuação e o desenvolvimento de seu livro fundador, Casa-Grande & Senzala. Esta dissertação é uma análise de Aventura e Rotina, livro de uma fase crucial no amadurecimento do conceito de mestiçagem freyreano: o luso-tropicalismo. Neste período, que vai de 1940 a 1960, Gilberto Freyre estende a idéia da singularidade brasileira a um macro-cosmo, o mundo luso-tropical, que compreenderia Portugal e todas as suas colônias e ex-colônias. / [en] Gilberto Freyre is one of the most important authors of the Brazilian social thinking. As the first phase of his oeuvre ends, in the 1930's, he establishes a new way of thinking, regarding racial mixing and racial issues in Brazil. His extense intellectual production is the continuation and development of his seminal book Casa-Grande & Senzala. This dissertation is an analysis of Aventura e Rotina, a book from a crucial phase on the establishment of the concept of - freyrean racial mixing -: the luso- tropicalism. In this period, from 1940 until 1960, Gilberto Freyre extends the idea of a Brazilian singularity to a macro-cosmos, known as the - luso-tropical world -, which would contain Portugal and all its colonies and ex-colonies.

The PhD. dissertation Written Voice examines how Walt Whitman and Henry Miller through books, confined textual products of modernity, strive to awaken the reader to a more perceptive and courageous life, provided that the reader is willing to suspend hermeneutics of suspicion and approach Leaves of Grass and Tropic of Cancer with hermeneutics of hunger. This is examined from linguistic, anthropological and theological vantage point of oral theory (M. Jousse, M. Parry, A. Lord, W. Ong, E. Havelock, J. Assmann, D. Abram, C. Geertz, T. Pettitt, J. Nohrnberg, D. Sölle, etc.). This work thus compares Leaves (1855) and Tropic of Cancer examining their paratextual, stylistic features, their genesis, the phenomenology of their I's, their ethos and story across the compositions. By "voluntary" usage of means of oral mnemonics such as parallelism/bilateralism (Jousse) - along with present tense, imitatio Christi and pedagogical usage of obscenity - both authors in their compositions attack the textual modern discourse, the posteriority, nostalgia and confinement of literature, restore the body, and aim for futurality of biblical kinetics. It is the reader's task, then, to hermeneutically resurrect the dead printed words of the compositions into their own "flesh" and action. The third part of the thesis...