Presented thesis deals with the authenticity in Augustin Aurelius life. The authenticity is undestood as a resonce between our situation evaluation and our reaction. Their aspects are studied from the philosophical point of view (M. Heideger and the existencialims, psychology (Rogers), philosphy of behaviour and so on. Augustin sees as a main objective of his life the searching of the wisdom. The chronological analysis of Augustin life (perido of menicheism, skepticism, new searching, platonism and christianity) than shows, wheather he was truthfull to this attitude. We confronted results of our study with the conclusions of chosen reactions of given philosophers for better understanding of Augustin's realizing of the authenticity and the truthfulness

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This thesis explores the use of unstructured data, and specifically textual data, in providing consumer insights and improving business decisions. The thesis consists of two essays. In essay I, I examine how the linguistic similarity between the language used by reviewers of a product and a prospective customer’s own writing style can be leveraged to assess the match between customers and products. Applying tools from machine learning, Bayesian statistics, and computational linguistics to a large-scale dataset from Yelp, I find that the closer the writing style of a restaurant’s past reviews are to a prospective customer’s writing style, the more likely that customer is to write a review for that restaurant. This effect holds across restaurant types and is driven by the linguistic similarity between the customer’s own reviews and positive past reviews for the restaurant. Further, I find that similarity with respect to words related to leisure (e.g., family, wine, beer, weekend), biology (e.g., eat, life, love), as well as swear words are most influential in creating a match between customers and restaurants. In essay II, I examine whether borrowers consciously or not, leave traces of their intentions, circumstances, and personality traits in the text they write when applying for a loan. I find that this textual information has a substantial and significant ability to predict whether borrowers will pay back the loan above and beyond the financial and demographic variables commonly used in models predicting default. Using text-mining and machine-learning tools to automatically process and analyze the raw text in over 120 thousand loan requests from Prosper.com, an online crowdfunding platform, I find that including the textual information in the loan significantly helps predict loan default and can have substantial financial implications. I find that loan requests written by defaulting borrowers are more likely to include words related to their family, mentions of God, the borrower’s financial and general hardship, pleading lenders for help, and short-term focused words. I further observe that defaulting loan requests are written in a manner consistent with the writing style of extroverts and liars.

Personality assessments have a long history in psychology and have become the backbone of the human capital management industry, with the Big-Five model being the most prevalent. The central criticism of personality assessments for employment decisions is validity of responses since applicants for employment often endorse items to make themselves more desirable for hire, referred to as faking behavior. The present study examined faking behavior using the Assess Personality Survey (APS). Using a sample of applicant and incumbent data (N = 8,020), the objective was to identify response difference between applicant and incumbents, and the prevalence of faking behavior in applicants. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to compare groups. Results indicate a clear distinction between applicant and incumbent response patterns. Additional analyses suggest 6 classes of testing patterns among applicants, and results are compared with previous faking identification procedures to improve criteria used to establish faking behavior in respondents.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på generationerna millennials och baby boomers inställning till mediernas sanningshalt och politiska neutralitet. Detta gjordes med hjälp av följande frågeställningar: Vilka attityder och vilken inställning har millennials och baby boomers till nyhetsmediernas sanningshalt? Finns skillnader och likheter kvar när vi väger in variablerna kön och politiskt ställningstagande?   För att definiera generationerna använde vi oss av Cliff Zukins generationsteori. Det finns flera andra teorier med olika definitioner av generationerna men vi valde att avgränsa oss till Zukins modell eftersom vi ansåg denna vara mest relevant utifrån vårt syfte. För att få ytterligare information om generationernas ställningstaganden i olika frågor har vi även utgått från Paula M Poindexters forskning i frågan, samt Göran Bolins definition av Mannheims teori. Vi har slutligen använt oss av Jesper Strömbäcks definition av dagordningsteorin när detta varit aktuellt.   Vi valde att genomföra en enkätundersökning för att på så sätt kunna nå så många respondenter som möjligt. Eftersom vi ville jämföra två specifika generationer med varandra använde vi oss av ett kvoturval. Svaren gav oss en övergripande bild av de olika generationernas attityder gentemot nyhetsmedierna.   Resultaten visade att generationstillhörighet inte påverkade det allmänna förtroendet för nyhetsmedier. När vi adderade variabeln kön blev resultatet annorlunda, den yngre generationens kvinnor hade betydligt högre förtroende än männen i samma grupp. Både de yngre och äldre männen hade en mer kritisk syn på nyhetsmediernas innehåll än kvinnorna. Detta visar att kön är en betydande variabel i frågan om förtroende.   Även politisk åsikt visade sig vara en viktig variabel. Den största skillnaden visade sig i generation baby boomers där tre fjärdedelar av de som röstar rött har ett ganska stort förtroende för nyhetsmedier. De som röstar blått i denna generation hade ett betydligt mindre förtroende.   Den största skillnaden beroende på generationstillhörighet visade sig i frågan om hur enkelt det är att upptäcka en falsk nyhet. Millennials ansåg sig ha betydligt enklare att avgöra nyheters äkthet än baby boomers. Endast två procent i den äldre generationen ansåg att det var enkelt att upptäcka, motsvarande siffra i den yngre generationen var 12 procent.   Majoriteten av alla respondenter uppgav att de tror på en stor eller ganska stor framtida ökning av falska nyheter. Det här resultatet påverkade dock inte respondenternas syn på hur enkelt det är att se om en nyhet är falsk.   Slutsatsen vi kan dra är att generationstillhörighet inte påverkar i frågan om förtroende för nyhetsmedier, däremot i hur enkelt det är att avgöra om en nyhet är sann eller falsk.Vid mätning av förtroende för nyhetsmedier var politisk åsikt den viktigaste variabeln. / The purpose of this study was to find out the generations millennials and baby boomers approach to the media's veracity and political neutrality. This was done using the following questions: What attitudes does Millennials and Baby Boomers have to the news media's veracity? Are there differences and similarities there when we look at the variables gender and political position?   To define the generations we used Cliff Zukins generation theory. There are several other theories with different definitions of generations, but we chose to limit ourselves to Zukins model because we considered this to be the most relevant to our purpose. To obtain additional information about the generation's positions on various issues, we have also assumed Paula M Poindexters research on the issue, and Göran Bolins definition of Manheims theory. Finally we used Jesper Strömbäcks definition of the agenda setting theory when it was accurate.   We chose to conduct a survey in order to be able to reach as many respondents as possible. Because we wanted to compare two specific generations with eachother, we used a quota sampling. The answers gave us an overall picture of the different generational attitudes toward the news media.   The results showed that generational affiliation did not affect public confidence in the news media. When we added the gender variable, the result is different, the younger generation of women had significantly higher confidence than men in the same group. Both the younger and the older men had a more critical view of the news media content than women. This shows that gender is a significant variable in the issue of trust.   Political opinion also turned out to be an important variable. The biggest difference was shown in the generation of baby boomers where three quarters of the red voters had a fairly strong confidence in the news media. Those who vote blue in this generation had a significantly lower confidence.   The main difference depending on generational affiliation was shown in the question of how easy it is to spot fake news. Millennials believed it was much easier to determine authenticity in news than baby boomers. Only two percent of the older generation felt that it was easy to spot, the corresponding figure in the younger generation was 12 percent.   The majority of all respondents stated that they believe in a large or fairly large future increase of false news. This result did not affect the respondents' views on how easy it is to see if the news is false.   The conclusion we can draw is that the generational affiliation does not affect the question of confidence in the news media, however, it does have an affect in how easy it is to determine if news is true or false.When measuring confidence towards the news media, political opinion was the most important variable.

The following dissertation examines Sartre’s notion of bad faith before identifying parallels found in Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals. Bad faith is often construed as lying to oneself; however, this entails an individual being both the deceiver and deceived which presents a number of paradoxes. By reconceptualising bad faith as self-deception rather than lying to oneself these paradoxes are avoided. Nietzsche’s Genealogy examines the development of modern morality and explains its genesis through identifying a specific psychological tendency, namely, ressentiment. Ressentiment is central to the Genealogy as it results in the idealisation of asceticism and the development of the bad conscience into guilt. These are core elements of what Nietzsche terms slave morality. By exposing ressentiment as a manifestation of bad faith this dissertation highlights the self-deception lying at the foundation of slave morality. Nietzsche believes that it is slave morality which predominantly constitutes modern morality, and manifestations of bad faith in Nietzsche’s account of modern morality therefore give credence to Nietzsche’s call to revalue our values. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

This work focuses on the topic of identity and, particularly, on the study of lies as a component of identity through the analysis of the main character in the comedy La verdad sospechosa , and the Court represented in the play. The text has been divided into two sections: the text's reality and the stories invented by the main character. This distinction serves to establish the relation between the elements of both parts, as well as their consequent influence in the construction of the character's identity. Conditions such as space, time and, particularly, social surrounding are taken into account in the fabrication of lies. The work shows how lying serves as a tool to create, sometimes fictitious but nevertheless useful, routes that help achieve an immersion in the society, even if it seems to go completely against the social values that, on the other hand, helps attain. Through the deconstruction of the character's lies, this work shows how, gradually, the made-up stories assimilate with the reality of the text until they become one with it. This gradual assimilation goes hand in hand with the character's immersion into the community, which includes the learning of social values and the fulfillment of the community's expectations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Flinders University of South Australia, 2000. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 9, 2005). Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-379).