Esta tesis estudia la relación entre las categorías de persona, tecnología y poder en la novela El delirio de Turing del boliviano Edmundo Paz Soldán. Esta tesis examina el caso de un sujeto subyugado, el cambio en la distribución de agencia de la persona común y del quehacer político gracias a nuevas tecnologías como el internet y la programación, así como cambios en la configuración social del poder dominante. Esta tesis propone que las nuevas tecnologías dinamizan el quehacer político al facilitar mayor participación cívica democratizando el acceso a espacios de participación y contestación política. Lejos de afirmar modelos anticuados que operan en torno a la pasividad del usuario, las nuevas tecnologías giran hacia dinámicas que involucran al usuario en calidad de participante-creador. / Tesis

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des systèmes d'équations différentielles ordinaires, et ceux aux dérivées partielles paraboliques issus de modèles de dynamique des populations et de la biologie. L'objectif principal est de faire l'analyse mathématique, la simulation numérique ainsi que l'identification des diffusions croisées dans les modèles construits. Nous présentons d'abord un système de réaction-diffusion modélisant la croissance de plantes en compétition spatiale dans un milieu saturé. Nous effectuons par la suite l'étude théorique et numérique de tels systèmes, ainsi que l'étude des problèmes d'identification des termes de diffusions croisées. Ensuite, nous proposons un modèle proie-prédateur de type Leslie-Gower modifié avec une fonction de réponse de type Crowley-Martin. Nous étudions dans un premier temps la dynamique temporelle globale du modèle considéré, et nous présentons des simulations numériques pour illustrer les résultats théoriques. En outre, nous introduisons la dimension spatiale dans le modèle dynamique considéré, et nous effectuons une analyse théorique complète de la dynamique spatio-temporelle du modèle.

The aim of this thesis is to report on a transdisciplinary approach, regarding the complexity of thinking about human embodiment in relation to machine embodiment. A practical dimension of this thesis is to elicit some principles for the design and evaluation of virtual embodiment. The transdisciplinary approach suggests, firstly, that a single discipline or reality is, on its own, not sufficient to explain the complexity and dynamism of the embodied interaction between the human and machine. Secondly, the thesis argues for thinking of transdisciplinary research as a process of individuation, becoming or transduction, that is, as a process of mediation between heterogeneous approaches rather than perceiving research as a stabilized cognitive schema designed to accumulate new outcomes to the already-there reality. Arguing for going beyond the individualized approaches to embodiment, this thesis analyzes three cases where the problems that appear in one case are resolved through the analysis of the following one. Consisting of three phases, this research moves from objective scientific 'reality' to more phenomenological, subjective and complex realities. The first study employs a critical review of embodied conversational agents in human-computer interaction (HCI) in a learning context using a comparative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was applied because most of the studies for evaluating embodiment are experimental. A learning context was selected because the number of studies is suitable for meta-analysis and the findings could be generalized to other contexts. The analysis reveals that there is no 'persona effect', that is, the expected positive effect of virtual embodiment on the participant's affective, perceptive and cognitive measures. On the contrary, it shows the reduction of virtual embodiment to image and a lack of consideration for the participant's embodiment and interaction, in addition to theoretical and methodological shortcomings. The second phase solves these problems by focusing on Mark Hansen's phenomenological account of embodiment in new media. The investigation shows that Hansen improves on the HCI account by focusing on the participant's dynamic interaction with new media. Nevertheless, his views of embodied perception and affection are underpinned by a subjective patriarchal account leading to object/subject and body/work polarizations. The final phase resolves this polarization by analyzing the controversial work of Alan Turing on intelligent machinery. The research provides a different reading of the Turing Machine based on Simondon's concept of individuation, repositioning its materiality from the abstract non-existent to the actual-virtual realm and investigating the reasons for its abstraction. It relates the emergence of multiple human-machine encounters in Turing's work to the complex counter-becoming of what it describes as 'the Turing Machine compound'.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:54:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Gustavo Bispo.pdf: 1616324 bytes, checksum: cbc43e66f323825f005da2c275dfa256 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Gustavo Bispo.pdf: 1616324 bytes, checksum: cbc43e66f323825f005da2c275dfa256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to expose the study of some aspects that permeated the emergence of Computing Theory of Alan Mathison Turing at the beginning of the 20th century. According to previous research, it is suggested that this occurred in part, due to a theoretical consequence of the development of mathematics. At the end of the nineteenth century there was an effort expended by some thinkers whose aim was to clarify the nature of truth in mathematics, a problem put in sharp evidence by the turbulent stage in the development of mathematical thinking between about 1870 and 1940 with the emergence of new types of geometry. This stage can also be interpreted as "the crisis of fundamentals" and visualized as the outcome of the development phase corresponding to the emergence of contemporary science. Within this context, the idea will now be to broaden the research to identify details of the projects that were not successful but that also had their contribution or influenced in some way the emergence of the theory that established key concepts for the digital computer model / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo expor o estudo de alguns aspectos que permearam o surgimento da Teoria da Computação de Alan Mathison Turing no início do século XX. De acordo com pesquisa, sugere-se que isso tenha ocorrido em parte, devido a uma consequência teórica do desenvolvimento da matemática. No final do século XIX houve um esforço despendido por parte de alguns pensadores cujo o intuito estava em clarificar a natureza da verdade em matemática, problema posto em aguda evidência pela turbulenta etapa no desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático ocorrido entre aproximadamente 1870 e 1940 com o surgimento de novos tipos de geometria. Esta etapa também pode ser interpretada como "a crise dos fundamentos" e visualizada como o desfecho da fase de desenvolvimento correspondente ao surgimento da ciência contemporânea. Dentro deste contexto, a ideia será agora ampliar a investigação procurando identificar detalhes dos projetos que não foram bem-sucedidos, mas que também tiveram sua contribuição ou influenciaram de algum modo o surgimento da teoria que estabeleceu conceitos chave para o modelo do computador digital

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la modélisation des interactions entre hôtes et auxiliaires de lutte biologique. L'objectif principal est de faire l'analyse mathématique et la simulation numérique des modèles spatiotemporels construits. Il s'agit de déterminer la typologie et la catégorisation des structures spatiales émergentes en fonction des paramètres de contrôle. Nous considérons dans la première partie de la thèse, une chaîne alimentaire de deux espèces, c'est à dire une population de proies et une population de prédateurs modélisées par un système de réaction-diffusion. Nous étudions l'analyse qualitatives des solutions, les bifurcations globales et locales, et déterminons les conditions de variation spatiales et temporales des motifs. Nous démontrons l'existence de "Travelling waves" par les outils d'analyse fonctionnelle en généralisant la méthode développée par S. Ahmad. Une étude mathématique similaire est menée dans le cadre d'une chaîne alimentaire de trois espèces constituée d'une proie, d'un prédateur et d'un super-prédateur. Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse est consacré à la construction et l'étude d'un modèle mathématique de type réaction-diffusion de la thérapie génétique du cancer. Le modèle prend en considération à la fois la dynamique de la population des cellules cancéreuses, des virus réplicatifs et de la réponse immunitaire qui reconnait les antigènes viraux dans les cellules cancéreuses. Nous établissons les conditions de stabilité de l'état d'équilibre endémique et celui correspondant à l'élimination de la tumeur. Si la tumeur ne peut pas être complétement guérie, nous déterminons les conditions d'une thérapie optimale et estimons par simulation le temps de survie du patient.

Ce travail adopte le cadre de l’ingénierie cognitive en vue de la conception et de l’évaluation d’outils cognitifs dans le domaine de l’administration d’entreprises artisanales. Ce cadre relève d’une approche dite écologique des systèmes de travail. L’objectif général de ce travail est double. D’une part, il s’agit de montrer la pertinence de cette approche écologique eu égard au domaine étudié et d’autre part, de proposer une interface utilisateur pour un système d’aide à la gestion administrative sur support numérique mobile. Plus précisément, nous proposons une modélisation du domaine de travail en considérant certaines de ses caractéristiques les plus complexes à modéliser : la récursivité et la dimension éthique. Ensuite, nous testons une méthode récente pour valider et vérifier cette modélisation (Task Machine Turing Analysis, TMTA). Nous proposons également une nouvelle méthode de validation et vérification d’un domaine de travail, dite méthode des « points de vue ». À partir d’un modèle du domaine de travail de la gestion administrative dans les entreprises artisanales, nous expérimentons plusieurs maquettes d’interfaces pour un système d’aide. Cette expérimentation nous permet de mesurer le degré d’application des principes dirigeant la conception d’interface écologique. Enfin, nous proposons et testons une maquette finale de systèmes à destination des artisans. / This work adopts the cognitive engineering framework for the design and evaluation of cognitive tools interfaces in the administrative handicraft field. This framework relies on an ecological approach of work systems. The objectives of this work were twofold. First, it consisted in showing the heuristic value of the ecological approach. Second, we aimed at proposing a user interface for a mobile digital cognitive tool assisting administrative tasks. More precisely, we proposed to consolidate the work domain analysis framework by considering some of the more complex characteristics to model, that is to say recursion and the ethical dimension. Afterwards, we tested a recent method named “Turing Machine Task Analysis” to validate and verify the work domain model. We also proposed a new verification and validation method for work domain model, named “viewpoints method”. Based on a modeling of the administrative handicraft domain, we tested several user interface mockups for a cognitive tool. This experiment permitted us to measure the degree of application of the Ecological Interface Design principles. Finally, we proposed and tested a final mockup for craftsmen.

The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the usability of hardware accelerated ray tracing in near-future rendering engines. Specifically, DirectX Ray Tracing API and Nvidia Turing architecture are being examined. Design and implementation of a hybrid rendering engine with support for hardware accelerated ray tracing is included and used in implementation of frequently used graphical effects -- hard and soft shadows, reflections, and Ambient Occlusion. The assessment is made in terms of difficulty of integration into a rendering engine, performance of the resulting system and suitability of implementation of chosen graphical effects. Performance parameters -- including number of rays cast per second, time to build acceleration structures and computation time on the GPU -- are tested and discussed.

Mathematical definitions provide a precise, unambiguous way to formulate concepts. They also provide a common language between disciplines. Thus, they are the basis for a well-founded scientific discussion. In addition, mathematical definitions allow for deeper insights into the defined subject based on mathematical theorems that are incontrovertible under the given definition. Besides their value in mathematics, mathematical definitions are indispensable in other sciences like physics, chemistry, and computer science. In computer science, they help to derive the expected behavior of a computer program and provide guidance for the design and testing of software. Therefore, mathematical definitions can be used to design and implement advanced algorithms. One class of widely used algorithms in computer science is the class of particle-based algorithms, also known as particle methods. Particle methods can solve complex problems in various fields, such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, or granular flows, using diverse simulation methods, including Discrete Element Methods (DEM), Molecular Dynamics (MD), Reproducing Kernel Particle Methods (RKPM), Particle Strength Exchange (PSE), and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Despite the increasing use of particle methods driven by improved computing performance, the relation between these algorithms remains formally unclear. In particular, particle methods lack a unifying mathematical definition and precisely defined terminology. This prevents the determination of whether an algorithm belongs to the class and what distinguishes the class. Here we present a rigorous mathematical definition for determining particle methods and demonstrate its importance by applying it to several canonical algorithms and those not previously recognized as particle methods. Furthermore, we base proofs of theorems about parallelizability and computational power on it and use it to develop scientific computing software. Our definition unified, for the first time, the so far loosely connected notion of particle methods. Thus, it marks the necessary starting point for a broad range of joint formal investigations and applications across fields.:1 Introduction 1.1 The Role of Mathematical Definitions 1.2 Particle Methods 1.3 Scope and Contributions of this Thesis 2 Terminology and Notation 3 A Formal Definition of Particle Methods 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Definition of Particle Methods 3.2.1 Particle Method Algorithm 3.2.2 Particle Method Instance 3.2.3 Particle State Transition Function 3.3 Explanation of the Definition of Particle Methods 3.3.1 Illustrative Example 3.3.2 Explanation of the Particle Method Algorithm 3.3.3 Explanation of the Particle Method Instance 3.3.4 Explanation of the State Transition Function 3.4 Conclusion 4 Algorithms as Particle Methods 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Perfectly Elastic Collision in Arbitrary Dimensions 4.3 Particle Strength Exchange 4.4 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 4.5 Lennard-Jones Molecular Dynamics 4.6 Triangulation refinement 4.7 Conway's Game of Life 4.8 Gaussian Elimination 4.9 Conclusion 5 Parallelizability of Particle Methods 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Particle Methods on Shared Memory Systems 5.2.1 Parallelization Scheme 5.2.2 Lemmata 5.2.3 Parallelizability 5.2.4 Time Complexity 5.2.5 Application 5.3 Particle Methods on Distributed Memory Systems 5.3.1 Parallelization Scheme 5.3.2 Lemmata 5.3.3 Parallelizability 5.3.4 Bounds on Time Complexity and Parallel Scalability 5.4 Conclusion 6 Turing Powerfulness and Halting Decidability 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Turing Machine 6.3 Turing Powerfulness of Particle Methods Under a First Set of Constraints 6.4 Turing Powerfulness of Particle Methods Under a Second Set of Constraints 6.5 Halting Decidability of Particle Methods 6.6 Conclusion 7 Particle Methods as a Basis for Scientific Software Engineering 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Design of the Prototype 7.3 Applications, Comparisons, Convergence Study, and Run-time Evaluations 7.4 Conclusion 8 Results, Discussion, Outlook, and Conclusion 8.1 Problem 8.2 Results 8.3 Discussion 8.4 Outlook 8.5 Conclusion

The aim of this thesis is to report on a transdisciplinary approach, regarding the complexity of thinking about human embodiment in relation to machine embodiment. A practical dimension of this thesis is to elicit some principles for the design and evaluation of virtual embodiment. The transdisciplinary approach suggests, firstly, that a single discipline or reality is, on its own, not sufficient to explain the complexity and dynamism of the embodied interaction between the human and machine. Secondly, the thesis argues for thinking of transdisciplinary research as a process of individuation, becoming or transduction, that is, as a process of mediation between heterogeneous approaches rather than perceiving research as a stabilized cognitive schema designed to accumulate new outcomes to the already-there reality. Arguing for going beyond the individualized approaches to embodiment, this thesis analyzes three cases where the problems that appear in one case are resolved through the analysis of the following one. Consisting of three phases, this research moves from objective scientific ¿reality¿ to more phenomenological, subjective and complex realities. The first study employs a critical review of embodied conversational agents in human¿computer interaction (HCI) in a learning context using a comparative meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was applied because most of the studies for evaluating embodiment are experimental. A learning context was selected because the number of studies is suitable for meta-analysis and the findings could be generalized to other contexts. The analysis reveals that there is no ¿persona effect¿, that is, the expected positive effect of virtual embodiment on the participant¿s affective, perceptive and cognitive measures. On the contrary, it shows the reduction of virtual embodiment to image and a lack of consideration for the participant¿s embodiment and interaction, in addition to theoretical and methodological shortcomings. The second phase solves these problems by focusing on Mark Hansen¿s phenomenological account of embodiment in new media. The investigation shows that Hansen improves on the HCI account by focusing on the participant¿s dynamic interaction with new media. Nevertheless, his views of embodied perception and affection are underpinned by a subjective patriarchal account leading to object/subject and body/work polarizations. The final phase resolves this polarization by analyzing the controversial work of Alan Turing on intelligent machinery. The research provides a different reading of the Turing Machine based on Simondon¿s concept of individuation, repositioning its materiality from the abstract non-existent to the actual-virtual realm and investigating the reasons for its abstraction. It relates the emergence of multiple human¿machine encounters in Turing¿s work to the complex counter-becoming of what it describes as ¿the Turing Machine compound¿. / Ministry of Higher Education in the Sultanate of Oman

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