Voting in an election is the most basic and fundamental form of political participation in a democracy. Citizens are given the opportunity to elect legislators that take political decisions on their behalf. As immigration is increasing globally, many immigrants find themselves with this opportunity for the very first time immigrating from authoritarian regimes. Are immigrants from authoritarian regime able to adapt to their new political setting, or is there an observable difference in voter turnout based on the regime-type of the immigrant’s native country? There exist three branches of theories within the theoretical framework of political resocializa-tion: the theory of exposure, the theory of transferability and the theory of resistance. Previous research on the adaptability of immigrants from authoritarian regimes is often single case stud-ies that only analyse one of the three branches or analyse different forms of political participa-tion and have produced somewhat contradicting results. With empirical evidence remaining the relationship between voter turnout and regime-type is yet to be fully comprehended. By using data from the European Value Survey, this study tests all three theories of political resocializa-tion in 34 countries, to further generate insight into this matter. The results show that immigrants from authoritarian regimes are not less likely to vote in the national election of their new host country. The amount of exposure to the new host country, or whether the immigrant spent his “formative years” in the authoritarian regime are not statisti-cally significant to voting. Age, marital status, education and income are shown to be more statistically significant predictors to voter turnout, compared to regime-type.

Presidentvalet 2020 slog rekord i USA, det slogs inte bara röstningsrekord pån nationell nivå utan flertalet delstater såg det högsta valdeltagandet någonsin. USA har sedan mitten av 1900-talet haft ett mycket lågt valdeltagande. Då presidentvalet 2020 slog ett över 100 år gammalt rekord finns det tecken som tyder på att det amerikanska valdeltagandet blir allt högre. Den här uppsatsen har därför som mål att undersöka och utforska de faktorer som kan ha bidragit till att amerikanerna valde att gå man ur huse för att lägga sina röster. Tidigare studier om valdeltagandet i USA har fokuserat på varför amerikaner inte röstar, den har uppsatsen menar finna en förklaring till varför amerikaner faktiskt röstar och hur det har bidragit till det rekordhöga valdeltagandet. Uppsatsen antar att det är skiftande värderingar som ligger bakom det ökande valdeltagandet, till exempel att bosatta på landsbygden besitter materialistiska värderingar och att stadsbor besitter postmaterialistiska värderingar. Vidare antas det att det under det sena 1900-talet skedde ett kulturellt skifte och att vi idag ser en motreaktion till den vilket har gjort den amerikanska väljaren mer aktiv, samt att den amerikanska väljaren har blivit mer engagerad, både politiskt och icke-politiskt vilket har bidragit till ökad kompetens bland väljarkåren. / The U.S. Presidential election of 2020 was record-breaking. It was the first time in over 100 years that the United States had seen such high voter turnout. Since the mid20th century, the U.S. has seen a very low voter turnout, but it has been on the incline in later years. Therefore, this essay aims to research and explore the potential factors behind the increasing number of voters. Previous studies on voter turnout in the U.S.have focused on why Americans do not vote. This essay, in contrast, aims to find the potential causes as to why the American voter has become more active than previously. The essay assumes that there are different values amongst those living in urban and rural areas, contributing to the increased voter turnout. It is also assumed that there was a shift from materialistic values to post-materialistic values during the latter half of the 20th century, and the increasing number of voters is due to a reaction towards this shift. What is more, the essay assumes that the American voter has become more engaged, both politically and non-politically, making the American voter more competent and more trusting of their abilities.

To be able to see if voter turnout can be enhanced, studying income is of interest. This researchpaper attempts to answer the following thesis question: “How can voter turnout in the 2016 presidential election be explained by income?” The conclusion drawn is that income, measured in GDP per capita, does affect voter turnout, however the exact influence is hard to determine.This research paper agrees with Wolfinger & Rosenstone (1980), that income rather plays a role until a voter has received a point where they can attain a “modestly comfortable standard of living”. Beyond this threshold, there are other variables and preferences that determine voter turnout. Therefore, COVI, that studies the cost variable within the utility hypothesis model, cannot explain voter turnout in relation to income. To better address voter turnout based on income, one would have to use a more extensive index and include other variables andpreferences.

Few studies have investigated the impact of language policies on voter turnout. India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world, where hundreds of languages are spoken by the population, but only certain languages are granted official status. At the subnational level, all States have the right to decide upon their own official languages. Across States, there is great variation in terms of how large shares of their populations that speak (one of) the official language(s). Using aggregate level data from the Election Commission and the 2011 Census, this quantitative study of 624 Indian districts investigates the relationship between voter turnout in State elections (dependent variable) and the share of the population speaking the official State language (independent variable) through a multivariate OLS regression analysis. The preliminary results indicate a positive relationship between voter turnout and more inclusive language policies, implying that more people vote in districts where more people speak the official State language.

The main aim of the diploma thesis is reconstruction of Viskafors railway station and its adjacent track at KM146+ 800 - 145+ 700 so as to satisfy the current traffic and at the same time the legislation is met. The tracks geometry and turnouts in the station was solved according to Swedish and Czech standards and conventions. As part of the reconstruction, the connection of the service track was resolved from the north side.

クラシックバレエの動作は，広い股関節外旋可動域を要するターンアウト(TO)から成り立ち，可動域不足でのTOは障害につながる可能性がある．本研究はダンサーのTO能力が障害発生に及ぼす影響の検討を目的とし，TO能力測定機器の開発，腰部下肢への負荷の評価，障害調査を実施した．その結果、TO能力の低いダンサーでは障害発生率が高いことが示され，TO能力を把握することが障害発生の予防に繋がる可能性を示唆できた． / Ballet movements always begin with turnout which requires large hip external range of motion. Performing turnout without acquiring sufficient hip external range of motion is believed to stress dancer’s body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between turnout and injuries among ballet dancers. We conducted following experiments, a novel device development for turnout assessment, kinetic and kinematic analysis of lower body contribution during turnout, injury diagnosis and survey. medical screening. Results proved dancers with smaller hip external rotation suffer more injuries and indicated knowing own TO range would take a part in injury prevention. / 博士(スポーツ健康科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Health and Sports Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This paper expands previous research analyzing the impact voting laws have on voter turnout in national elections in the United States. I analyzed voter turnout in the 2008 Presidential Election and the 2010 off year election in all fifty states to see if voting restrictions declined turnout. My results show evidence that the further away from Election Day voter registration ends, the lower voter turnout a state can expect. I also found laws requiring employers to allow employees time off work to vote on Election Day had lower voter turnout rates than the states allowing employer discretion to determine whether an employee can take time off work to vote. Lastly, my paper shows evidence allowing anyone to vote by mail had a significant increase in the 2008 Presidential Election voter turnout rates compared to states requiring an excuse. However, I did not find any statistical significance in the 2010 off year election.

The first Black American president ran for re-election in the 2012 election, which saw record-breaking voter turnout. After this election, scholars sought to examine what social identities impacted voter turnout and, found that non-Hispanic Black voters played a critical role in shaping President Obama’s success. Although the effects of social identities on voter turnout are the focus of an extensive body of existing research, many scholars study the separate effects of characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, gender or party identification. Utilizing public opinion data from the 2016 General Survey Study (GSS), this paper seeks to examine the intersectional effects of race, ethnicity, and gender on voter turnout in the 2012 Presidential Election. The findings of this can assist in understanding the impact these social identities had on turnout for non-Hispanic Black women in the 2012 presidential election and provide a basis for studying these intersecting factors in succeeding elections.

INTRODUCTION: An increase in participation in females sports has created an increase of female athletes at risk for injuring their Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL)[12,21,29,44]. Traditional jumping sports have the highest rate of non contact ACL injuries, due to the use of movements of cutting, pivoting and landing on one foot[5,8,32,33,38]. ACL injuries can also be attributed to neuromuscular deficits such as the ‘Ligament Dominance Theory’, ‘Quadricep Dominance Theory’, ‘Trunk Dominance Theory’ and the ‘Leg Dominance Theory’[24,33]. The neuromuscular deficits are muscle strength, power or activation patterns that can cause an individual to have an increased risk of ACL injury[33]. Female traditional jumping sport athletes have been associated with being at a higher risk of ACL injury than their male counterparts due to anatomical, hormonal and neuromuscular differences[2,8,24,28,32,37,38,44,47]. However, female dancers trained with ballet have a lower risk of ACL injury than their female athlete counterparts, but also have a similar ACL injury to their male dancing counterparts [28,37,45,47]. METHODS: This study analyzed six papers that compared the lower body biomechanics of female traditional jumping sport athletes to female dancers trained in ballet. The results of the measurement of this study will be placed into a chart to compare the results of each study to each other, to confirm the results of the comparison between the two populations. The next part of this study will examine unused turnout angle data collected from a previous thesis performed by Ashley Tornio. The data was taken from 20 participants, 15 female traditional jumping sport athletes and 5 female dancers trained in ballet. The averages of these two groups will be compared using an f test to determine differences in the turnout capabilities of each group. RESULTS: The results of the data comparison found only six comparable measurements between the 6 papers. The papers were in agreement that female traditional jumping sport athlete had greater hip adduction moments and trunk forward flexion than female dancers trained in ballet. The papers were also in agreement that there was no statistically significant difference in the knee stiffness between the two populations. There was no consensus for the results of knee valgus angle, knee rotation, muscle activation or leg stiffness between the six papers. For the turnout angle f test, female traditional jumping sport athletes had an average turnout angle of 120.5 degrees and the female dancers trained in ballet had an average turnout angle of 141.2 degrees. It was found that the there was no statistically significant difference between the two populations at the 95% confidence level. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the two populations average turnout at a reduced confidence level of 80%. The DISCUSSION: The limiting number of studies which compare female traditional jumping sport athletes and female dancers trained in ballet, were unable to form consensus on the difference between the biomechanics of each group during a landing task. The turnout angle data was also limited in the number of participants and a valid conclusion was unable to be made determining the ability to use the turnout angle as an indicator for risk of ACL injury. There needs to be continued research on the comparison of the female traditional jumping sport athletes and female dancers trained in ballet to determine the biomechanical advantages female dancers have for protection of the ACL.

This paper attempts to shed light into the realm of school boards, a frequently overlooked topic in political science literature. This study examines the relationship between a school board electoral structure and voter turnout levels. In particular, the author hypothesizes that ward-based elections due to their inherent smallness have higher voter turnout levels than at-large elections. In crafting such a relationship a mixed-method approach was used combining elements found in case studies with an intervention analysis. The paper describes voter turnout levels from 1989 to 2007 for a single, medium-sized school district in Illinois that had switched its style of elections from at-large to ward. It was found that following the switch to ward elections turnout actually decreased. However, the results were not statistically significant. The variable of competitiveness was also tested as it was thought that the more competitive elections were the more voter turnout increases. Here again, the author found no relationship between competitiveness and the election structure in ward and at-large elections. In concluding, the author states that some unseen intervening variable such as information costs may be influencing the relationship and significance between voter turnout and election structure. / Master of Arts